Karin magana

 

Misalai 1 shine babi na farko na Littafin Misalai a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Ibrananci ko Tsohon Alkawari na Littafi Mai-Kirista. Littafin tarin littattafan hikima ne da yawa, tare da taken a cikin 1: 1 ana iya nufin ɗaukar Sulemanu a matsayin marubucin gargajiya na dukan littafin, amma kwanakin tarin mutum suna da wuyar tantancewa, kuma littafin mai yiwuwa ya sami siffarsa ta ƙarshe a lokacin bayan gudun hijira. Wannan babi wani bangare ne na tarin farko na littafin.

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Rubutun

Ibrananci

Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna rubutun Ibrananci na Misalai 1 tare da wasula tare da fassarar Turanci bisa ga fassarar JPS 1917 (yanzu a cikin Yankin jama'a).

Verse	Hebrew	English translation (JPS 1917)
1	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel;
2	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	To know wisdom and instruction; To comprehend the words of understanding;
3	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	To receive the discipline of wisdom, Justice, and right, and equity;
4	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	To give prudence to the simple, To the young man knowledge and discretion;
5	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	That the wise man may hear, and increase in learning, And the man of understanding may attain unto wise counsels;
6	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	To understand a proverb, and a figure; The words of the wise, and their dark sayings.
7	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge; But the foolish despise wisdom and discipline.
8	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	Hear, my son, the instruction of thy father, And forsake not the teaching of thy mother;
9	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	For they shall be a chaplet of grace unto thy head, And chains about thy neck.
10	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	My son, if sinners entice thee, Consent thou not.
11	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	If they say: 'Come with us, Let us lie in wait for blood, Let us lurk for the innocent without cause;
12	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	Let us swallow them up alive as the grave, and whole, as those that go down into the pit;
13	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	We shall find all precious substance, We shall fill our houses with spoil;
14	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	Cast in thy lot among us; Let us all have one purse'—
15	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	My son, walk not thou in the way with them, restrain thy foot from their path;
16	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	For their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed blood.
17	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	For in vain the net is spread in the eyes of any bird;
18	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	And these lie in wait for their own blood, they lurk for their own lives.
19	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; it taketh away the life of the owners thereof.
20	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	Wisdom crieth aloud in the streets, she uttereth her voice in the broad places;
21	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	She calleth at the head of the noisy streets, at the entrances of the gates, in the city, she uttereth her words:
22	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	'How long, ye thoughtless, will ye love thoughtlessness? And how long will scorners delight them in scorning, And fools hate knowledge?
23	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	Turn you at my reproof; behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.
24	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	Because I have called, and ye refused, I have stretched out my hand, and no man attended,
25	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	But ye have set at nought all my counsel, and would none of my reproof;
26	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	I also, in your calamity, will laugh, I will mock when your dread cometh;
27	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	When your dread cometh as a storm, and your calamity cometh on as a whirlwind; When trouble and distress come upon you.
28	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	Then will they call me, but I will not answer, they will seek me earnestly, but they shall not find me.
29	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	For that they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the LORD;
30	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	They would none of my counsel, they despised all my reproof.
31	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices.
32	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	For the waywardness of the thoughtless shall slay them, and the confidence of fools shall destroy them.
33	Samfuri:Script/Hebrew	But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell securely, and shall be quiet without fear of evil.'

Shaidu na rubutu

W^a rubuce-rubucen farko da ke dauke da rubutun wannan babi a Ibrananci na Masoretic Text ne, wanda ya hada da Aleppo Codex (karni na 10), da Codex Leningradensis (1008). An samo raguwa da ke dauke da sassa na wannan babi a cikin Ibrananci a cikin Littafin Tekun Gishiri ciki har da 4Q102 (4QProva; 30 KZ - 30 AZ) tare da ayoyi 27-33 da suka wanzu.

HA il^A yau, akwai faS zuwa Koine Helenanci da aka ^S da Septuagint, wanda aka yi a cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe B; wasu ru^B-rubucen tsohuwar wannan sigar sun haɗa da Codex Vaticanus (B;

G

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B; ƙarni na 4), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK:

G

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}

S; ƙarni na 4), da kuma Codex Alexandrinus (A;

G

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}

A; ƙarni na 5).

Bincike

Wannan babin yana bude wani bangare da ake daukarsa a matsayin tarin farko a littafin Karin Magana (wanda ya hada da Karin Magana 1–9), wanda ake kira da "Tatsuniyoyi masu koyarwa". Littafin Bible na Urushalima ya bayyana babi na 1 zuwa 9 a matsayin gabatarwa ga babi na 10 zuwa 22:16, wato abin da ake kira da "gaskiyar karin maganar Sulaimanu", wanda ake dauka a matsayin "jikin littafin". Wannan babin yana da irin wannan tsari:

• Gabatarwa (1:1-7)
• Ka guji mugun mutane (1:8-19)
• Magana ta Farko ta Hikima (1:20-33)

Gabatarwa (1:1-7)

Wannan ɓangaren yana ba da manufar da darajar dukan littafin, musamman tushen koyarwarsa. Kalmomin manufa guda biyar na tarin karin magana gabaɗaya an jera su a cikin ayoyi 1:2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 6a na ɓangaren buɗewa.

Aya ta 1

The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel:

— Proverbs 1:1, English Standard Version

• "Misali": daga sunan Ibrananci מָשָׁל, mashal, na iya nufin "koyarwar abu bisa ko ta amfani da kwatanci ko kwatanci", kuma yana iya zama "ɗan gajeren sanarwa" (Hisk'i 16:44), "koyarwa da aka samo daga gogewa" (Zabura 78:2-6), "yana faɗi ko ta kalma" (Dokar Kubawar Shari'a 28:37), ko " annabin albarka ta gaba" (Hik'i 21:1-5).
• "Masu'in Sulemanu": magana ce da ake la'akari da taken dukan littafin, kodayake ba ta nufin cewa Sulemanu ya rubuta ko ya tattara duk karin magana a cikin wannan littafin ba, saboda wasu sassan tarin ne da ke ɗauke da sunayen marubuta daban-daban, kamar "maganganun masu hikima" (Masu'u 22:17-24:22), "mafi yawan maganganun masu ilimi" (Maru'u 24:23-34), "kalmomin Agur" (Manu'u 30:1-33) da "kalm'u na Lemuli" (Mutum'u 31:1-9). Littafin bazai kasance a cikin tsari na ƙarshe a zamanin Sulemanu ba, saboda akwai bayanin kula a ciki cewa "mutane na Hezekiya" sun kara tarin karin magana na Sulemanu zuwa tsarin da ke cikin littafin (Mutum 25:1-29:27).

Aya ta 2

To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding;

— Proverbs 1:2, King James Version

• "Don sani" daga kalmar Ibrananci יָדַע, yadaʿ, wanda zai iya nufin "ko san" ko "ko zama mai hikima".
• "Haske" daga sunan Ibrananci חָכְמָה, khokhmah, wanda ke nufin 'ƙwarewa, iyawa' kuma ana iya yin la'akari da "ƙwarewar ɗabi'a. " Kalmar tana nufin "ƙwarewa" wanda ke samar da wani abu mai daraja, kamar ƙwarewar hannu na masu sana'a (Fitowa 31:6; 35:35; cf. Ishaya 40:20), ƙwarewar kewayawa na ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa (Zabura 107:27; Ezekiel 27:8), ƙwarewa na masu saƙa (Fitowa 35:26), ko ƙwarewar masu gudanarwa (1 Sarakuna 3:28). Kubawar Shari'a 4:6 yana nufin dokoki da dokoki da Allah ya ba su a matsayin hikimar Isra'ila. Koyon game da hikima yana nufin 'ku kasance sanye take da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don rayuwa mai kyau da nasara'.
• "Instruction": Sunan (מוּסָר, musar, wanda ke da ma'ana sau uku: (1) jiki ko iyaye: "horo; azabtarwa" (ciki har da na Allah) (2) magana: "gargadi; gargaɗi" da (3) ɗabi'a: "koyarwa; koyarwa", kamar yadda aka karɓa a ƙarƙashin ikon iyaye ko malami (cf. Misalai 4:1-5). Wannan kalmar an haɗa ta da "hikima" (khokhmah) sau hudu a cikin littafin (Misali 1:2, 7; 15:33, 23:23).

Aya ta 7

The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.

— Proverbs 1:7, King James Version

"Tsoron Ubangiji":

Kalmar nan ta samo asali ne daga Ibraniyanci: יִרְאַת יְהוָה (yir’at YHWH), wato "tsoron YHWH (Ubangiji)", inda "YHWH" (sunan Allah) yake a matsayin wanda ake tsoro da girmamawa — wato shi ne abin da ake ji tsoro daga gare shi kuma ake girmamawa.[1] Wannan furucin yana kunshe da:

• Girmamawa da ladabtarwa ga Allah (duba Ishaya 8:13)
• Da biyayya gare shi (duba Kubawar Shari’a 10:12–13; Mai-Wa’azi 12:13)

An bayyana wannan "tsoron Ubangiji" a nan a matsayin sharadin samun hikima ta gaskiya, kuma ana maimaita shi a Karin Magana 9:10 don rufe wannan sashe daga Karin Magana 1–9,

Guje wa mugayen mutane (1:8-19)

Wannan ɓangaren ya ƙunshi na farko na umarni da yawa daga "mahaifin ɗansa" a cikin littafin Misalai. Halayen waɗannan umarni sune:

• roƙo don kulawa (duba aya ta 8);
• umarnin da aka bayyana a matsayin umarni ko haramtacciya (duba ayoyi 10b, 15), da kuma
• sassan motsawa don kula da umarnin (duba ayoyi 9, 16-19).

Ya bambanta da al'ada a makarantun hikima na Misira da Babila, wanda ke da irin wannan saitin koyarwa daga malami ga ɗalibai, daidaituwa tsakanin uba da uwa (duba aya ta 8) yana nuna cewa umarnin da ke cikin littafin Misalai na iya samun saitin koyarwar iyaye a gida. Kodayake suna ɗauke da tunatarwa akai-akai game da ikon iyaye, sassan motsawa suna da sha'awar kyakkyawar ma'anar mutum fiye da aikin yin biyayya ga iyaye.

Aya ta 8

  Wannan nau'in roko, Ɗana, "ana ci gaba da maimaitawa a cikin waɗannan surori na buɗewa". Rabi na Faransa na zamani Rashi ya ba da shawarar cewa "mahaifin" yana nufin Allah, mahaifin bil'adama, kuma "koyarwa" ko "horo" yana nufin doka da Allah "ya ba Musa a rubuce da baki". Hakazalika, ya ba da shawarar cewa "mahaifiyar" tana nufin "al'ummarku, al'ummar Isra'ila". Masanin tauhidi John Gill ya kalubalanci wannan:

This is not to be understood of God the Father of mankind, and of that law which he has given them, as Jarchi (Rashi) and Gersom interpret it, but of Solomon and his son in a literal sense; and of anyone that came to him for instruction, any pupil, hearer, or reader of his; and it is a direction to all children to hearken to the instruction of their parents, and obey their commands.

Jawabin farko na Hikima (1:20-33)

A cikin wannan nassi An kwatanta Hikima a matsayin mace, wacce ke magana da ikon allahntaka (tushen wannan ikon an bayyana shi a Misalai 8:22-31). Karkatar da Hikima zai nufin kin amincewa da "tsoron Ubangiji" (asusu na 29), kuma an zarge shi da harshe da ke kusa da zargi na annabci (cf. Ishaya 65:1-2,12; Irmiya 6:19). A gefe guda, waɗanda suka yi biyayya da Hikima za su ji daɗin tsaro da kwanciyar hankali waɗanda suka yi sauraro da Hikima (Abinsa 33; duba Misalai 3:21-26).

Dubi kuma

• Blessing
• Divine judgment
• Divine providence
• Earth
• Evil
• Heaven
• Longevity
• Mercy
• Mitzvah
• Peace
• Righteousness
• Wisdom
• YHWH

Haɗin waje

• Fassarar Yahudawa:
  • Mishlei - Misalai - Babi na 1 (Judaica Press) fassarar [tare da sharhin Rashi] a Chabad.org
• Fassarar Kirista: Littafi Mai-Tsarki na kan layi a GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Littafi Mai-Msarki a cikin Turanci na asali)
  • Littafi Mai Tsarki na kan layi a GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Littafi Mai-Tsarki a cikin Turanci na asali)
• Littafin Misalai Babi na 1 King James Version
• .org/search?title=Book+of+Proverbs&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Littafin Misalai na jama'a a LibriVox