Kayan kida
 kayan kida | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
sound generator (en)  , music equipment (en) da kayan aiki |
| Karatun ta |
organology (en) |
| Yana haddasa |
instrumental music (en) |
| Amfani | kiɗa |
| Has quality (en) |
family of musical instruments (en) |
| Amfani wajen |
instrumentalist (en) |
Kayan kida shine na'urar da aka ƙirƙira ko daidaitacce don yin sautin kiɗa. A ka’ida, duk wani abu da ke samar da sauti ana iya daukarsa a matsayin kayakiɗa ta hanyar manufa ne abin ya zama kayan kida. Mutumin da ke buga kayan kida ana san shi da mai kayan kiɗa. Tarihin kayan kiɗan ya samo asali ne daga farkon al'adun ɗan adam. Wataƙila an yi amfani da kayan kida na farko don al'ada, kamar ƙaho don nuna nasara akan farauta, ko ganga a bikin addini. Al'adu daga ƙarshe sun haɓaka ƙima da yin waƙa don nishaɗi. Kayan kida sun samo asali a mataki tare da canza aikace-aikace da fasaha.
Kwanan wata da asalin na'urar farko da aka yi la'akari da kayan kida ana jayayya. Abu mafi dadewa da wasu masana ke kira da kayan kida, sarewa simple flute, ya samo asali tun shekaru 50,000-60,000. Wasu kidayar sun fara busawa zuwa kusan shekaru 40,000 da suka wuce. Duk da haka, yawancin masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa ƙayyade takamaiman lokacin ƙirƙirar kayan kida ba zai yiwu ba, saboda yawancin kayan kida na farko an yi su ne daga fatun dabbobi, kashi, itace, da sauran kaya marasa ɗorewa.
Kayan kiɗa sun ɓullo da kansu a yankuna da yawa na duniya. Koyaya, tuntuɓar wayewa ya haifar da saurin yaduwa da daidaita yawancin kayan aikin a wurare masu nisa daga asalinsu. A zamanin da, kayan kida daga Mesopotamiya sun kasance a tekun kudu maso gabashin Asiya, kuma Turawa suna buga kida daga Arewacin Afirka. Ci gaba a cikin Amurka ya faru a hankali, amma al'adun Arewa, Tsakiya, da Kudancin Amirka sun raba kayan kida.
A shekara ta 1400, ci gaban kayan kiɗan ya ragu a wurare da yawa kuma Occident ya mamaye shi. A lokacin kida na gargajiya da na Romantic, wanda ya dawwama daga kusan 1750 zuwa 1900, an haɓaka sabbin kayan kida da yawa. Yayin da juyin halittar kayan kade-kade na gargajiya ya ragu tun daga karni na 20, yaduwar wutar lantarki ya haifar da kirkirar sabbin kayan aikin lantarki, irin su gitar lantarki, na'urorin hadawa da na'ura.
Rarraba kayan kida horo ne na kansa, kuma yawancin tsarin rarrabuwa an yi amfani da su tsawon shekaru. Ana iya rarraba kayan aiki ta hanyar tasiri mai tasiri, abun da ke ciki, girman, matsayi, da dai sauransu. Koyaya, hanyar ilimi da aka fi sani da Hornbostel-Sachs, tana amfani da hanyoyin da suke samar da sauti. Nazarin ilimi na kayan kida ana kiransa organology.
