Kimanta Rauni da Gwajin Shigarwa (VAPT)
 Kimanta Rauni da Gwajin Shigarwa (VAPT) | |
|---|---|
specialty (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
risk assessment (en) |
| Facet of (en) |
information security (en) da disaster preparedness (en) |
A Bincike na rauni shine tsari na gano, tantancewa, da fifita (ko tsara) raunuka a cikin tsarin. Misalan tsarin da ake yin binciken rauni a kansu sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance da, tsarin fasahar bayanai, tsarin samar da makamashi, tsarin samar da ruwa, tsarin sufuri, da tsarin sadarwa. Ana iya gudanar da irin waɗannan binciken a madadin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, daga ƙananan kasuwanci zuwa manyan cibiyoyin yankin. Rauni daga hangen nesa na sarrafawar bala'i yana nufin tantance barazanar daga haɗarin da zai iya shafar al'umma da kayan more rayuwa.
Ana iya gudanar da shi a fagen siyasa, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki ko kuma muhalli.
Bincike na rauni yana da abubuwa da yawa a haɗe tare da bincike na haɗari. Ana yin bincike yawanci bisa ga matakai masu zuwa:
- Yin rajistan kadarorin da damar (albarkatu) a cikin tsarin.
- Kiyasta ƙima mai yawa (ko aƙalla tsara) da muhimmancin waɗannan albarkatun.
- Gano raunuka ko barazanar da za a iya yiwa kowane albarkatu.
- Rage ko kawar da mafi munin raunuka ga mafi mahimmancin albarkatu.
"Tsarin gargajiya na bincike na haɗari yana mayar da hankali ne da farko ga binciken haɗarin da ke kewaye da shuka (ko wani abu), tsarinta da ayyukanta. Irin wannan binciken yana mai da hankali ne kan dalilai da sakamakon kai tsaye ga abin da ake bincike. A gefe guda kuma, binciken rauni, yana mai da hankali kan sakamakon ga abin kansa da kuma sakamakon farko da na biyu ga muhalli mai kewaye. Hakanan yana kula da damar rage irin waɗannan sakamakon da kuma inganta ƙarfin sarrafa abubuwan da za su faru nan gaba." (Lövkvist-Andersen, et al., 2004)[1]. A gabaɗaya, binciken rauni yana taimakawa wajen "rarrabe manyan kadarori da kuma gudanar da aikin sarrafa haɗari." (Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka, 2002).[2]
A cikin Amurka, akwai jagororin da ke bayar da shawarwari masu mahimmanci da samfura don kammala binciken rauni daga hukumomi da dama ciki har da Ma'aikatar Makamashi, Hukumar Kare Muhalli, da Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka.
Wasu rubuce-rubucen bincike na kimiyya ciki har da Turner da wasu (2003),[3] Ford da Smith (2004),[4] Adger (2006),[5] Fraser (2007)[6] da Patt da wasu (2010)[7] sun bayar da cikakken bayani game da tsare-tsare da hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin binciken rauni. Turner da wasu (2003)[3] misali sun ba da tsari wanda ke nuna rikice-rikicen da ke tattare da binciken rauni, yana jaddada tarin abubuwan da haɗe-haɗe da ke iya shafar raunin wasu tsarukan ɗan adam–muhalli. Tsarin yana amfani da ginshikan zane mai yawa don nuna yadda ƙarfi na zamantakewa da na muhalli ke haɗuwa don samar da yanayi da ke rauni ga canje-canje kwatsam. Ford da Smith (2004), sun ba da shawarar tsarin bincike, wanda aka gina bisa bincike tare da al'ummomin Arctic na Kanada. Sun ba da shawarar cewa, mataki na farko shine tantance rauni na yanzu ta hanyar yin rikodin fallasa da dabarun da ake amfani da su na yanzu. Wannan ya kamata a biyo da mataki na biyu wanda ke kiyasta canje-canje a cikin waɗannan abubuwan haɗari na yanzu da kuma bayyana ƙarfin ɗaukar matakan kariya na gaba. Tsarin Ford da Smith (2004) yana amfani da bayanin tarihi wanda ya haɗa da yadda al'ummomi suka fuskanci da kuma magance haɗarin yanayi, tare da bayanai kan waɗanne yanayi za su canza, da kuma waɗanne matsaloli da damar da ake da su don magance su nan gaba.
Ayyukan Gwamnati na Tsare Binciken Rauni na Dindindin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]GSA (wanda aka fi sani da Gudanarwar Sabis na Gabaɗaya) ta tsara “Risk and Vulnerability Assessments (RVA)” a matsayin sabis na tallafi da aka tantance da sauri, don gudanar da bincike kan barazanar da raunuka, gano juyin halitta daga yanayin da aka yarda da shi, manufofin ƙasa ko na gida, tantance matakin haɗari, da kuma samar da/ko ba da shawarar matakan kariya da suka dace a yanayi mai aiki da wanda ba ya aiki. Wannan sabis ɗin da aka daidaita yana ba da waɗannan ayyukan tallafi da aka tantance:
- Zane-zanen Sadarwar
- Gano Rauni
- Gano Phishing
- Gano Rauni a Hanyar Sadarwa ta Mara igiya
- Gano Rauni a Aikace-aikacen Yanar gizo
- Gano Tsaron Tsarin Aiki (OSSA)
- Gano Rauni a Tsarin Bayanai
- Gwajin Shigarwa
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Lövkvist-Andersen, et al., 2004 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242256695_Modelling_Society's_Capacity_to_Manage_Extraordinary_Events_Developing_a_Generic_Design_Basis_GDB_Model_for_Extraordinary_Societal_Events_using_Computer-Aided_Morphological_Analysis
- ↑ US Department of Energy. (2002). Vulnerability Assessment Methodology, Electric Power Infrastructure. [1] Archived 2007-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Turner, B. L.; Kasperson, R. E.; Matson, P. A.; McCarthy, J. J.; Corell, R. W.; Christensen, L.; Eckley, N.; Kasperson, J. X.; Luers, A.; Martello, M. L.; Polsky, C.; Pulsipher, A.; Schiller, A. (5 June 2003). "Science and Technology for Sustainable Development Special Feature: A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (14): 8074–8079. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.8074T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1231335100. PMC 166184. PMID 12792023.
- ↑ Ford, James D.; Barry Smit (Dec 2004). "A Framework for Assessing the Vulnerability of Communities in the Canadian Arctic to Risks Associated with Climate Change". Arctic. 57 (4): 389–400. doi:10.14430/arctic516. hdl:10535/3095. JSTOR 40512642.
- ↑ Adger, W. Neil (August 2006). "Vulnerability". Global Environmental Change. 16 (3): 268–281. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006.
- ↑ Fraser, Evan D. G. (August 2008). "Travelling in antique lands: using past famines to develop an adaptability/resilience framework to identify food systems vulnerable to climate change". Climatic Change. 83 (4): 495–514. doi:10.1007/s10584-007-9240-9. S2CID 154404797.
- ↑ Patt, Anthony; Dagmar Schröter; Richard Klein; Anne Cristina de la Vega-Leinert (2010). Assessing vulnerability to global environmental change : making research useful for adaptation decision making and policy (1st paperback ed.). London: Earthscan. ISBN 9781849711548.