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Makarantar Iskandariya

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Makarantar Iskandariya
Bayanai
Iri makaranta da tunanniyar addini
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira 2 century
Ta biyo baya Coptic Theological and Clerical College (en) Fassara
Dissolved 381

Makarantar Catechetical ta Alexandria wata makaranta ce ta malaman tauhidin Kirista da bishops da dikona a Alexandria . [1] Malaman da dalibai na makarantar (wanda aka fi sani da Didascalium) sun kasance masu tasiri a yawancin rikice-rikicen tauhidin Cocin Kirista. Yana daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin biyu na nazarin fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki da tauhidin a lokacin Late Antiquity, ɗayan kuma shine Makarantar Antakiya.

A cewar Jerome, Yahaya Markus Manzo ne ya kafa makarantar Iskandariya. Dean na farko da aka rubuta shi ne Athenagoras (176).  [ana buƙatar hujja]Pantaenus 181 ne ya gaje shi, wanda ɗalibinsa Clement na Alexandria ya gaje masa a matsayin shugaban makarantar a cikin 190.[2]

Sauran sanannun masu ilimin tauhidi da ke da alaƙa da makarantar sun haɗa da Origen, Gregory Thaumaturgus, Heraclas, Dionysius "Babban", da Didymus Makaho. Sauran, ciki har da Jerome da Basil, sun yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa makarantar don yin hulɗa da malaman da ke can.

Ci gaba tare da tsohuwar makarantar ta yi ikirarin ta hanyar Cibiyar Nazarin tauhidin Coptic, Alkahira.

Farawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Makarantar Catechetical ta Alexandria ita ce makarantar catechetical mafi tsufa a duniya. Jerome ya rubuta cewa St. Markus da kansa ne ya kafa Makarantar Kirista ta Alexandria [3] kuma manajan farko da Saint Mark ya nada shi ne Saint Justus, wanda daga baya ya zama bishop na shida na Alexandria. [4] Akwai wani ra'ayi cewa an kafa makarantar a tsakiyar karni na biyu, a kusa da 190 AD.

A karkashin jagorancin masanin Pantaenus, makarantar Iskandariya ta zama muhimmiyar cibiyar ilmantarwa ta addini, inda malaman kamar Athenagoras, Clement, Didymus, da babban Origen suka koyar da dalibai, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mahaifin tauhidin kuma wanda yake aiki a fagen sharhi da nazarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Masana da yawa, kamar Jerome, sun ziyarci makarantar Iskandariya don musayar ra'ayoyi da sadarwa kai tsaye tare da malamanta.

Clement na Iskandariya (c. 150-211/216). 

Ikon wannan makarantar bai iyakance ga batutuwan tauhidi ba. Baya ga batutuwa kamar tauhidin, falsafar Kirista da Littafi Mai-Tsarki; kimiyya, lissafi da wallafe-wallafen Helenanci da Roman, an kuma koyar da ma'ana da zane-zane. Hanyar tambaya da amsar ta sharhi ta fara ne a can, kuma, ƙarni 15 kafin Braille, ɗaliban makafi a makarantar suna amfani da dabarun zane-zane don karantawa da rubutu.

Iskandariya kafin Makarantar Catechetical[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

"Kimanin ƙarni biyu kafin haihuwar Kristi, kuma a wannan lokacin bayan haka, Iskandariya ita ce babban wurin zama na al'adun ilimi da gidan falsafar Girka. Ita ce wurin haɗuwa tsakanin nahiyoyi uku, kuma ta zama filin yaƙi, inda addinan Gabas suka fuskanci fuska da fuska da addinan falsafar Yamma, kuma inda duka biyun suka wakilci manyan gwagwarmayarsu. "[5]

"Labarin Iskandariya ya fara ne da Alexander the Great. Bayan ya ci Masar, ya ba da umurni ga Ptolemy Lagus don gina Iskandariya. Hanyoyin sun dogara ne akan shirin birni na Aristotle; an tsara su ne a kan grid na rectangular kuma sun daidaita kudu maso yamma don samar da mafaka daga iska ta arewa kuma amfani da iska ta yamma. Kusa da Serapeum ya tsaya da ɗakin karatu na 'Yar. An bude wa jama'a kuma bisa ga mawaki Callimachus ya ƙunshi littattafai 42,800 na farko, binciken jama'a, masanan tarihi na zamani, masanan da suka fara.[6]

Makarantar Catechetical[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

"Manufar Makarantar ita ce samar da masu kare bangaskiyar Kirista. Ba ta sami shahara a duniya ba har sai Pantaenus ya zama malaminta. Shi ɗan asalin Sicily ne, kuma, kafin juyowa zuwa Kiristanci, masanin falsafa na Stoic. An ce daya daga cikin almajiran St Mark ne ya tuba. Ya zama shugaban Makarantar Catechetical game da 180. Nan da nan ya fara gabatar da nan ya gabatar da waɗannan canje-canjen da suka ba da gudummawa sosai ga shahararsa ta gaba. Haɗin da ya yi tsakanin tauhidin da falsafar.[7]

Magoya bayan Pantaenus "sun kalli wannan falsafar a matsayin 'Gabon Allah', 'Aikin Allahntaka,' wanda aka yi niyyar zama ga Al'ummai abin da Dokar ta kasance ga Yahudawa, wato,. hanyoyin tabbatar da su da kuma shirye-shiryen Linjila. Sun riƙe, cewa tsakanin addinin da aka bayyana da falsafar, don haka an fahimta kuma an bayyana, ba za a iya samun rikici ba; amma cewa, akasin haka, za a iya sanya ƙarshen ya zama mai biyayya ga bukatun tsohon a hanyoyi daban-daban: (a) ta hanyar horar da hankali don yin tunani da dalili daidai, don haka shirya hankali don nazarin tauhidin mafi girma. (b) ta hanyar samar da hujjoji da misalai na gaskiyar da yawa na kimiyya biyu. (c) ta hanyar bayyanawa da jefa gaskiyar Ru'ya ta Yohanna cikin siffar kimiyya.

Wannan hadin gwiwar ta yi adawa da 'Malaman da suka dace' na Ikilisiyar Yamma, musamman daga Tertullian da St Cyprian.

Wanda ya gaji Pantaenus shine Titus Flavius Clement, Clement na Iskandariya . An nada Clement a cikin shekara ta 192. Yawancin arna sun halarci laccocinsa. Ya fara da waɗancan gaskiyar da za a iya nunawa daga falsafar, don manufar jagorantar masu sauraronsa da digiri don rungumar bangaskiyar Kirista. Bai iyakance kansa ga koyarwar baki ba. Ya rubuta littattafai da yawa don amfanin waɗanda ba za su iya halartar laccocinsa ba.

A shekara ta 202 ya gudu zuwa Falasdinu saboda tsanantawar Septimius Severus . Bayan shekaru hudu ya dawo. "[8]

"Babban mutane na farko na Ikilisiya a Misira sun kasance malamai maimakon bishops, daraktocin Makarantar Catechetical ta Alexandria: Clement (160-215) da Origen (185-251). Dukansu biyu sun san falsafar Girka kuma aikin rayuwarsu yana daya daga cikin manyan hadin kai: sun canza Kiristanci daga wata ƙungiya ta musamman ga talakawa zuwa cikakkiyar addini tare da falsafar da ilimin sararin samaniya. "[9]

Ƙarshen wannan Makarantar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

"Taron Constantinople, wanda aka taru a cikin 381", ɗan lokaci bayan mutuwar St. Athanasius na Iskandariya, "yana da tasiri mai zurfi ga Masar". Bayan da aka ayyana matsayin Bishop na Roma a kan kudin ikon Iskandariya, tashin hankali ya lalata makarantar. "Duk da haka, an sake buɗe shi a wani wuri daban a cikin 1893."[10]

Ayyukan Origen[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

"Origen ya yi wannan babban asiri don tabbatar da fassarar Septuagint na Littafi Mai-Tsarki. An adana rubutun asali a Kaisariya, inda aka ce Larabawa sun lalata shi lokacin da suka kwace birnin a cikin 653. Origen ne, wanda aka fi la'akari da shi a matsayin mahaifin sukar Littafi Mai-Msarki, wanda ya ba Makarantar Catechetical ta Alexandria babban hali da ta ji daɗi shine na farko da ya zana bambanci tsakanin ma'anoni daban-daban wanda Nassi Mai Tsarki zai iya samun, wato, na zahiri, na zahiri ko na almara. "[11]

Jerin jerin sunayen dattawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Justus, (62-118)
  2. Eumenius, (118-129)
  3. Markians, (129-152)
  4. Pantaenus, (181-190)
  5. Clement na Iskandariya, (190-202)
  6. Asalin, (203-?)
  7. Heraclas, (?-231)
  8. Dionysius, (231-247)
  9. Theognostus, (karni na 3)
  10. Pierius, (karni na 4)
  11. Achillas, (karni na 4)
  12. Bitrus, (karni na 4)
  13. Serapion, (karni na 4)
  14. Macaruis, (karni na 4)
  15. Didymus Makaho, (340-391)
  16. Rodon, (karni na 5)
  17. Abbot na Masallacin Saint Macarius the Great (karni na 5 - karni na 19)
  18. Youssef Marcarius, (1893-1918)
  19. Habib Girgis, (1918-1951)
  20. Ɗaukowa. Ibrahim Attia, (1951-1962)
  21. Shenouda na Uku, (1962-1987)
  22. Bishop Gregory, (1987-yanzu)

Shahararrun ɗalibai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Eumenes, Paparoma na 7 na Iskandariya
  • Markians, Paparoma na 8 na Iskandariya
  • Julian, Paparoma na 11 na Iskandariya
  • Athenagoras na Athens
  • Pantaenus
  • Clement na Iskandariya
  • Heraclas, Paparoma na 13 na Iskandariya
  • Alexander, bishop na Urushalima
  • Asalin
  • Dionysius, Paparoma na 14 na Iskandariya
  • Bitrus na 17 na Paparoma na Iskandariya
  • Achillas, Paparoma na 18 na Iskandariya
  • Alexander, Paparoma na 19 na Iskandariya
  • Athanasius, Paparoma na 20 na Iskandariya
  • Timothawus, Paparoma na 22 na Iskandariya
  • Cyril, Paparoma na 24 na Iskandariya
  • Dioscorus, Paparoma na 25 na Iskandariya
  • Gregory mai ilimin tauhidi, Shugaban Constantinople
  • Didymus Makaho
  • Habib Girgis
  • Shenouda III, Paparoma na 117 na Iskandariya

Bayanan da aka ambata[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ How Alexandrian was Clement of Alexandria? Reflections on Clement and his Alexandrian Background A Hoek - The Heythrop Journal, 1990 "... Eusebius had a special connection with Alexandrian theology.6 He had direct contact with the tradition of the catechetical school of Alexandria via his teacher Pamphilus, a presbyter of Caesarea who was martyred around 310"
  2. ↑ Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Clement of Alexandria, St.". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  3. ↑ "The School of Alexandria - Part I - An Introduction to the School of Alexandria". www.copticchurch.net. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
  4. ↑ "Saint Mark and the Church of Alexandria". 2006-06-14. Archived from the original on 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2017-09-17.
  5. ↑ Gilmartin, T., Manual of Church History, Vol.I, 1890
  6. ↑ Mojsov, Bojana, Alexandria Lost, 2010
  7. ↑ Gilmartin, T., Manual of Church History, Vol.I, 1890
  8. ↑ Gilmartin, T., Manual of Church History, Vol.I, 1890
  9. ↑ Mojsov, Bojana, Alexandria Lost, 2010
  10. ↑ Mojsov, Bojana, Alexandria Lost, 2010.
  11. ↑ Gilmartin, T., Manual of Church History, Vol.I, 1890

Ƙarin karantawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wickert, Ulrich. "Ilimin tauhidin Iskandariya. " A cikin Encyclopedia na Kiristanci, wanda Erwin Fahlbusch da Geoffrey William Bromiley suka shirya, 38-39. Fashewa. 1. Grand Rapids: Wm. [Hasiya]   ISBN 0802824137

Haɗin waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

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