Mary Brewster Hazelton

Mary Brewster Hazelton (Ashirin da uku ga Nuwamba, a shekara ta dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da sittin da takwas zuwa a Satumba sha uku,ga shekara ta dubu ɗaya da dari tara da hamsin da uku) wata mai zanen hoton Amurka ne. Ta halarci Makarantar Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts, Boston, inda daga baya ta zama malama Daga cikin sauran nasarorin da ta samu, Hazelton ita ce mace ta farko da ta samu lambar yabo ga maza da mata a Amurka lokacin da ta ci lambar yabo ta Hallgarten daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa a shekara ta dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da casa'in da shida. Hotunan hotunanta suna cikin tarin gidan Massachusetts, Jami'ar Harvard, Gidan Tarihi na Peabody Essex, da Wellesley Historical Society. Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun da Hazelton ke da alaƙa da su sun haɗa da Wellesley Society of Artists, wanda ta kasance memba mai kafa, da Guild na Boston Artists, wanda ta kasance memba na shata. Ta yi rayuwar ta girma tare da ƴan uwanta mata a gidan iyali na Hazelton a Wellesley, Massachusetts.

A Rayuwarta ta farko

An haifi Mary Brewster Hazelton a ranar Ashirin da uku ga Nuwamba, a shekara ta dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da sittin da takwas a Milton, Massachusetts ga Dr. Isaac Hills Hazelton (shekara ta dubu ɗaya da dari tara da takwas da talatin da takwas zuwa shekara ta dubu ɗaya da dari tara da Ashirin da tara) da Mary Allen Brewster Hazelton (1843-1923). Wani wanda ya kammala karatun digiri na kwalejin Harvard, Dokta Hazelton ya yi hidima ga sojojin ruwa na Amurka a lokacin yakin basasa a matsayin mataimakin likitan tiyata. Ya kasance mai bidi'a wajen maganin masu tabin hankali. Maryamu tana da ɗan'uwa, Isaac Brewster (I. B.) Hazelton (shekara ta dubu ɗaya da dari takwas da saba'in da uku zuwa shekara ta dubu ɗaya da dari tara da sittin da bakwai), da ƴan'uwa mata biyu, Olivia Bowditch Hazelton (1873-1967) da Margaret Page Hazelton (1876-1965). Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Wellesley, Massachusetts, a cikin 1873. Ta fara yin zane-zane a cikin 1880s, wanda sau da yawa ta sanya hannu da sunan barkwanci, "Daisy". A 1886, Hazelton ya sauke karatu daga Wellesley High School . Yan'uwan mata uku sun zauna tare a cikin gidan iyali a 319 Washington Street a tsawon rayuwarsu. Ana kiran gidan "Clapp House" da "Hazelton House".

Ilimi

Hazelton ya halarci Makarantar Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFAB) a ƙarƙashin Edmund Tarbell . Ita ce mataimakiyar Philip Hale kuma ta kammala karatunta a MFAB a 1892. Ta kasance mataimakiyar aji ga Frank Weston Benson bayan kammala karatunta kuma shekara ta gaba ta zama mataimakiyar mai koyar da zane. Dukansu Benson da Tarbell an lura da masu ra'ayin Boston.

Rupert Hughes ya bayyana zanen Hazelton, Margaret, wanda aka yi ta 1895, a matsayin "fiye da yawanci mai laushi na Impressionism". Ta yi karatu tare da masu zane-zane na Impressionist a Paris kuma ta yi karatu a Spain, Ingila, Netherlands da Italiya bayan ta ci nasarar karatun balaguron balaguro na Paige daga Museum of Fine Arts, Boston a 1899. Hazelton ya kasance. masanin balaguron farko na ƙungiyar kuma ta karɓi $ 800 kowace shekara na shirin karatunta na shekaru biyu.

Salo

Wellesley Hills Congregational Church murals, 1912

Hazelton ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matan da mai tarawa Everette James ya gano cewa suna da "nuna [d] gwaninta na fasaha na mutum ɗaya" waɗanda suka halarci Makarantar Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts, Boston a ƙarshen karni na 19. Wannan ya kasance a lokacin, ko da yake, ba a san mata don salonsu da iyawarsu ba. "Tarbellites" wata magana ce da aka yi amfani da ita a lokacin da ke nuna imanin cewa fasahar mata ta samo asali ne daga mashawarta, kamar Edmund C. Tarbell . Babban bayyanar jama'a ya taimaka wajen haskaka mutum da halaye na musamman na wasu mata masu zane-zane "wanda zai yi hamayya da Tarbell, Benson ko De Camp ," a cewar James a Antiques Journal .

A cikin labarinsa na 2001 Mawallafin Mata na Farko a Guild of Boston Artists, Bob Jackman ya lura cewa Hazelton ya zana a cikin wani salon kirkire-kirkire da tabbatarwa wanda ya hada da "hanyar ra'ayi mara kyau" wanda ke adawa da ayyukan sauran masu zane-zane na Boston. Ƙwararrun fasaharta wajen haɗawa da amfani da kuma kama haske an misalta su a cikin zanen Sisters Biyu a Piano da ta yi game da 1894.

Sana'a

Sisters Biyu a Piano, 1894

Wasiƙar, 1912, wanda ya lashe kyautar Newport Art a 1916

Mata ba su sami lambar yabo ta musamman ba har zuwa 1896 lokacin da Hazelton ta lashe lambar yabo ta National Academy of Design 's First Hallgarten Prize saboda zanen mai ta A cikin Studio . An ƙaddara shi ne mafi kyawun zanen mai da wani ɗan ƙasa da shekaru 35 ya yi a Amurka a wannan shekarar. The Museum of Fine Arts a Boston ya ba ta lambar yabo ta farko ta Paige Traveling Scholarship a 1899. Hazelton ta lashe lambar yabo mai daraja a nunin Pan-American a Buffalo, New York a 1901.

Hazelton yana da ɗakin studio a tsohon Ginin Harcourt a Boston a cikin 1904, lokacin da wata mummunar wuta ta kone ayyukan rayuwar masu fasaha da yawa ciki har da Hazelton, Joseph DeCamp, da William M. Paxton . Bayan haka, ƙungiyar masu fasaha sun shirya wani sabon gini, wanda ya zama Fenway Studios (30 Ipswich Street). Hazelton tana cikin rukunin farko na masu fasaha waɗanda suka yi rajista, kuma suka shirya don studio 304. Daga 1906 zuwa 1940, tana da ɗakin studio a Fenway.

A cikin 1912, Ikilisiya ta farko ta Wellesley Hills ta umurci Hazelton, wanda memba ne, ya zana bangon bango don cocin. Wani bangon bango ya kwatanta kyawawan halaye huɗu—gaskiya, sadaka, adalci, da bangaskiya—cikin siffofi takwas na mata uku da namiji ɗaya. Misali, namijin yana ɗauke da takobi da sikeli don wakiltar adalci. Ta kuma ƙirƙira zane-zane na masu bishara huɗu da wakilcin Triniti .