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Matsayi na jami'o'i a Afirka ta Kudu

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Matsayi na jami'o'i a Afirka ta Kudu
college and university ranking (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙasa Afirka ta kudu
Wurin Afirka ta Kudu

Jerin matsayi da ke cikin jami'o'i ana buga su akai-akai ta hanyar sanannun manema labarai.[1]Wadannan tebur daban-daban (duba ƙasa) suna ƙoƙari su cika buƙatun bayanai da nuna gaskiya. Koyaya, matsayi yana rinjayar zaɓin ɗalibai kuma yana karkatar da manufofin ilimi mafi girma.[2] Jerin masu samarwa suna ba da damar mataimakan shugaban majalisa masu biyan albashi sosai don da'awar matsayi na farko ga jami'ar su a cikin ƙungiyar ilimi.[3] Wadannan matsayi, masu bugawa suna da'awar, an ƙayyade su ta hanyar alamomi masu yawa. Binciken da aka buga ya nuna ba haka ba, matsayi yana sake fasalin ilimin jama'a kuma yana cutar da aikin ilimi. A cewar wani Kungiyar Kwararru Mai Zaman Kanta (IEG), wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta shirya, Matsayin jami'o'i na Duniya sune[4]

  • ra'ayi mara inganci
  • bisa ga bayanai da hanyoyin da ba su da kyau kuma ba su da isasshen haske
  • nuna son kai ga bincike, batutuwan STEM, da malaman Ingilishi
  • sune mulkin mallaka kuma suna jaddada rashin daidaito na duniya, yanki, da na kasa.

Ana amfani da Matsayi na jami'o'i a Afirka ta Kudu don rinjayar yadda dalibai, iyaye, masu tsara manufofi, ma'aikata, jama'a da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki ke tunani game da ilimi mafi girma. Wadannan teburin wasanni na gida sun dogara ne akan Matsayi na jami'a na kasa da kasa tunda babu matsayi na Afirka ta Kudu har yanzu. Wannan rashin zai iya danganta shi da zargi na kasa da kasa game da kwaleji da jami'a. Gabaɗaya sun yarda cewa matsayi yana amfani da ƙa'idodin shakku da kuma hanyar da ba a fahimta ba. Majalisar Ilimi Mafi Girma (CHE) kwanan nan ta ɗauki hangen nesa game da matsayi na jami'a, [5] ta buga ra'ayi wanda ke jayayya cewa matsayi duka neocolonial ne da Neoliberal. A cewar marubucin, kamfanoni masu bugawa sama da 47 sun yi amfani da "alamu marasa kyau ...a matsayin wakili don bayar da ilimi mai inganci".[6]

Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu suna sake fasalin Ilimi mafi girma [7] kuma suna cikin cibiyar riba ta dala biliyan ga kamfanonin da ke mallakar su. [8] Kamfanoni masu matsayi suna cinyewa a kan jami'o'i da gwamnatoci a kudancin duniya, kuma damuwarsu da za a gani a matsayin jami'a ta "duniya" [9] Wannan ya haifar da yawancin halayen caca a cikin sashin. Wannan matsala ce ta duniya, kuma da alama cewa abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a Ilimi mafi girma ba su da kyau, tare da tallace-tallace da jami'an sadarwa da suka mayar da hankali kan sanya alamun cibiyoyin su, suna neman yin kira ga ɗalibai masu zuwa, ta hanyar yin magana akai-akai ga bukatun ɗalibai na ainihi Tun daga shekara ta 2013, Jami'ar Rhodes ta riƙe wannan matsayi mai mahimmanci game da matsayi Jami'ar Wits ta ba da tabbaci, lokacin da Wits kwanan nan ta sake buga wani labarin a cikin "The Conversation "Sakamani na Jami'ar ba ta sanarwa ba ta kimiyya ba ce kuma ga mugunta".[10][11][12][13] Wannan matsayi yana samun goyon baya daga sanannun cibiyoyin da ke bayan Arewacin Amurka, kamar Jami'ar Zurich, Jami'ar Utrecht, da wasu Cibiyoyin Fasaha na Indiya.[14] Kwanan nan Halitta ta yarda da wannan ra'ayi cewa matsayi yana da matsala.[6]

Duk da bayanan da ke sama, yawancin jami'o'in kasa da kasa suna da alama sun yarda cewa tsarin jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu shi ne mafi karfi a nahiyar: gida ne ga 8 daga cikin manyan jami'o-kakar Afirka 10 mafi girma, [15] [16] kawai ba za su iya cimma yarjejeniya game da wane daga cikin manyan biyar suna da ilimi ba, bayan Jami'ar Cape Town , [17] kuma suna zaune a saman teburin league. Gasar don matsayi na biyu, tana faruwa tsakanin Jami'ar Stellenbosch, Jami'ar Pretoria, Jami'an Witwatersrand, Jami'a ta Johannesburg da Jami'ar Kwa Zulu Natal yayin da kowannensu ke neman matsayi mafi girma na gaba, ba tare da wata yarjejeniya game da wanda aka sanya a ƙasa da matsayi na farko ba, a cikin tseren matsayi na Olympics.[18]

Top 10 Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu Ta hanyar Matsayi na Duniya Bisa ga Times Higher Education

Yanayi game da cibiyoyin ilimi na Afirka ta Kudu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wani rahoto na Cibiyar Ilimi mafi Girma na 2010 ya gano rukunin jami'o'i uku a Afirka ta Kudu, an haɗa su bisa ga aiki.Canjin shigarwa da aka yi amfani da shi don jami'o'in rukuni sune:

  • Kashi na yawan shiga cikin kimiyya, injiniya da fasaha
  • Masana da rajistar digiri
  • Adadin ɗalibai da ma'aikata
  • Ma'aikatan dindindin tare da digiri na digiri
  • Kudin shiga na masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati
  • Kudin shiga na dalibai

Canjin fitarwa sune:

  • Yawan nasarar dalibai
  • Yawan karatun digiri
  • Ƙididdigar fitar da bincike ta kowane ma'aikaci na dindindin

Red cluster ya zama manyan jami'o'i masu bincike. Blue cluster ya ƙunshi cibiyoyin da aka mayar da hankali da farko akan horo na fasaha, yayin da Green cluster ya haɗa da cibiyoyin waɗanda ke nuna halaye na duka manufofi. Ƙungiyoyin sune:

Jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu
Red Cluster Green Cluster Blue Cluster
Manyan Jami'o'in Bincike Horar da Fasaha Jami'o'i masu zurfi da Horar da Fasaha
Jami'ar Witwatersrand Jami'ar Free State Jami'ar Fasaha ta Vaal
Jami'ar Stellenbosch Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tsakiya
Jami'ar Cape Town Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban
Jami'ar Pretoria Jami'ar Fort Hare Jami'ar Fasaha ta Mangosuthu
Jami'ar Rhodes Jami'ar Limpopo Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane
Jami'ar Yammacin Cape Jami'ar Fasaha ta Cape Peninsula
Jami'ar Johannesburg Jami'ar Venda
Jami'ar Nelson Mandela ta Metropolitan Jami'ar Walter Sisulu
Jami'ar Zululand

Matsayi

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A wani bangare saboda wahalar da ke tattare da cibiyoyin ilimi masu rikitarwa, akwai fadada yawan tsarin matsayi na jami'o'i na kasa da kasa, kowannensu yana da jaddadawa daban. Hudu daga cikin shahararrun sune Times Higher Education World University Rankings (wanda aka fi yarda da shi), Cibiyar Nazarin Jami'o'in Duniya (CWUR), QS World University Ranking, da kuma Matsayin Ilimi na Jami'o-Jami'in Duniya ("ARWU", wani lokacin ana kiranta "Shanghai Rankings").

Matsayi na Jami'ar Duniya na Times

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The Times Higher Education World University Rankings ya sanya manyan jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu kamar haka:[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][5][6][5][6][5][28][5][6][5][5][6][5][29][30][31][32]

Times Higher Education 2011 zuwa 2024 Afirka ta Kudu Rank
Matsayi na SA Jami'ar Matsayi na Duniya
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
1 Jami'ar Cape Town 167 160 183 155 136 136 171 148 120 124 126 126 103 107
=2 Jami'ar Stellenbosch 301–350 251–300 251–300 251–300 251–300 251–300 351–400 401-500 301-350 276-300 301-350 301-350 251-275 -
=2 Jami'ar Witwatersrand 301–350 251–300 251–300 201–250 194 194 251–300 182 201-250 251-275 226-250 226-250 251-275 -
4 Jami'ar Johannesburg 401–500 601–800 601–800 601–800 601–800 601–800 601–800 601-800 - - - - - -
=5 Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal 501–600 401–500 351–400 351–400 401–500 401–500 401–500 501-600 401-500 - - - - -
=5 Jami'ar Pretoria 501–600 801–1000 601–800 601–800 601–800 601–800 601–800 601-800 501-600 - - - - -
=7 Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma 601–800 601–800 501–600 501–600 501–600 501–600 - - - - - - - -
=7 Jami'ar Yammacin Cape 601–800 601–800 601–800 601–800 601–800 601–800 601–800 601-800 - - - - - -
=9 Jami'ar Free State 801–1000 801–1000 - - - - - - - - - - - -
=9 Jami'ar Rhodes - 801–1000 - - - - - - - - - - - -
=11 Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban 1001–1200 501–600 401–500 401–500 - - - - - - - - - -
=11 Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu 1001–1200 1001–1200 801–1000 1001+ 1001+ 1001+ 801–1000 801+ 601-800 - - - - -
=13 Jami'ar Venda 1201–1500 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
=13 Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane 1201–1500 - 1001–1200 1001+ 801–1000 801–1000 - - - - - - - -
=13 Jami'ar Venda 1201–1500 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
=13 Jami'ar Fort Hare - 1201–1500 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Matsayi na Jami'ar Duniya ta QS

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

QS World University Rankings sun sanya manyan jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu kamar haka (kafin 2010 an san matsayi a matsayin Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings): [33]

Jami'ar QS ta Duniya 2006 zuwa 2024 Matsayi na Afirka ta Kudu
Matsayi na SA Jami'ar Matsayi na Duniya
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2012 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
1 Jami'ar Cape Town 173 237 226 220 198 200 191 191 171 141 145 154 161 146 176 200 257
2 Jami'ar Witwatersrand 264 428 424 403 400 381 364 359 331 318 313 363 360 321 319 282 322
3 Jami'ar Stellenbosch 283 454 482 456 427 405 361 395 401-410 390 387 401- 450 - - - - -
4 Jami'ar Johannesburg 306 412 434 439 501-510 551-560 601-650 601-650 601-650 601-650 601-650 - - - - - -
5 Jami'ar Pretoria 323 591-600 601-650 561-570 551-560 561-570 501-550 551-600 501-550 471-480 471-480 501-550 451–500 401–500 501–600 469 509
6 Jami'ar Kwazulu-Natal 621-630 801-1000 801-1000 801-1000 801-1000 751-800 701-750 651-700 551-600 501-550 501-550 551-600 501–550 501–600 401–500 487 484
7 Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma 801-850 1001-1200 1001-1200 1001+ 1001+ 801-1000 801-1000 701+ 701+ - - - - - - - -
8 Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu 851-900 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9 Jami'ar Rhodes 901-950 801-1000 801-1000 801-1000 801-1000 801-1000 701-750 551-600 501-550 601-650 551-600 - - - - - -
10 Jami'ar Yammacin Cape 951-1000 1001-1200 1001-1200 1001+ 801-1000 801-1000 801-1000 701+ 701+ - - - - - - - -
11 Jami'ar Free State 1001-1200 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

ARWU/Shanghai

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Matsayin Ilimi na Jami'o'in Duniya ya sanya manyan jami'o'i na Afirka ta Kudu kamar haka:

Matsayi na SA Jami'ar 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014[34] 2013[35] 2012[36] 2010[37] 2009[38] 2008[39] 2007[40] 2006[41] 2005[42] 2004[43] 2003[44]
1 Jami'ar Cape Town 201-300 201-300 301-400 201-300 201-300 201–300 201–300 201–300 201–300 201–302 201–302 203–304 201–300 203–300 202–301 251–300
2 Jami'ar Witwatersrand 201-300 301-400 201-300 201-300 201-300 201–300 301–400 301–400 301–400 303–401 303–401 305–402 301–400 301–400 302–403 451–500
3 Jami'ar Stellenbosch 401-500 401-500 401-500 401-500 401-500 401–500 401–500 401–500 401–500 402–501 402–503 403–510 401–500 401–500 404–502 451–500
4 Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal 401-500 - 401-500 401-500 401-500 401–500 - - - - - - - - - -
5 Jami'ar Pretoria 401-500 401-500 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6 Jami'ar Johannesburg - - 401-500 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Lura: Waɗannan su ne kawai jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu.

Cibiyar Nazarin Jami'o'in Duniya (CWUR)

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CWUR ta sanya manyan Jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu kamar haka: [45][46]

Matsayi na 2018-19 SA Jami'ar 2018-19 2015
1 Jami'ar Cape Town 223 248
2 Jami'ar Witwatersrand 230 149
3 Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal 402 401
4 Jami'ar Pretoria 438 678
5 Jami'ar Stellenbosch 448 500
6 Jami'ar Johannesburg 790 -
7 Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma 964 -

Matsayi na Duniya don Ƙarin Yanayi

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Matsayi na Jami'a ta hanyar Ayyukan Ilimi (URAP)

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

URAP, wanda shine sabon tsarin matsayi wanda ya dogara ne kawai akan ma'auni na yawan yawan ilimi, ya haɗa da bayanai ga yawancin jami'o'in duniya, don haka yana ba da madadin ra'ayi game da matsayin dangi na ƙarin cibiyoyin Afirka ta Kudu. Zaben 2020-2021 na URAP ya sanya manyan Jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu kamar haka: [47]

Matsayi na SA Matsayi na Duniya Jami'ar
1 237 Jami'ar Cape Town
2 335 Jami'ar Witwatersrand
3 362 Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal
4 388 Jami'ar Stellenbosch
5 458 Jami'ar Pretoria
6 603 Jami'ar Johannesburg
7 653 Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma
8 883 Jami'ar Yammacin Cape
9 937 Jami'ar Free State
10 1007 Jami'ar Rhodes
11 1086 Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu
12 1379 Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane
13 1420 Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban
14 1446 Jami'ar Nelson Mandela ta Metropolitan
15 2131 Jami'ar Limpopo
16 2132 Jami'ar Fasaha ta Cape Peninsula
17 2362 Jami'ar Fort Hare
18 2397 Jami'ar Venda
19 2591 Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Sefako Makgatho
20 2764 Jami'ar Zululand
21 2911 Jami'ar Fasaha ta Vaal

Matsayi na kasuwanci

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Shirye-shiryen matsayi na kasa da kasa da yawa suna mai da hankali kan sanya masu digiri a cikin saitunan kasuwanci.

Lokaci Mafi Girma Alma Mater Index

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wannan wani matsayi ne na THE, wanda ke da niyyar auna nasarar da aka samu a duniya na tsoffin jami'o'in jami'a ta hanyar sanya jami'o-i bisa ga yawan wadanda suka kammala karatunsu wadanda a halin yanzu sune Shugabannin kamfanonin Fortune Global 500. Lambar farko ta duniya a shekarar 2017 ita ce, ta hanyar babban gefe, Jami'ar Harvard. Jami'ar Afirka guda daya da ta bayyana a kan Global Top 100 ita ce Jami'ar Witwatersrand . Matsayi na Afirka ta Kudu na 2017 sune kamar haka: [48]

Matsayi na SA Matsayi na Duniya Jami'ar
2 54 Jami'ar Witwatersrand

Tredence-Emerging Global Employability University Ranking

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Wannan matsayi ne na duniya na jami'o'i bisa ga ingancin da aka fahimta na masu digiri na manyan ma'aikata a duk duniya. Jami'ar Afirka guda daya a saman 150 ita ce Jami'ar Witwatersrand . Matsayi na 2013 kamar haka: [49]

Matsayi na SA Matsayi na Duniya Jami'ar
1 139 Jami'ar Witwatersrand

Matsayi na Biliyanari na Bloomberg

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Wannan ya sanya jami'o'i bisa ga shahararsu tsakanin biliyoyin Amurka. Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu da aka zaba ita ce Jami'ar Witwatersrand . Matsayi na 2014 kamar haka: [50]

Matsayi na SA Matsayi na Duniya Jami'ar
1 8 Jami'ar Witwatersrand

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:9299/Statement-on-Global-University-Rankings.pdf
  2. ↑ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10734-022-00942-5#
  3. ↑ https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20240227141740239
  4. ↑ https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:9299/Statement-on-Global-University-Rankings.pdf
  5. ↑ McKenna, Sioux (2024). "Critical Look at the University Ranking Industry".
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Gadd, Elizabeth (26 November 2020). "University rankings need a rethink". Nature. 587 (7835): 523. Bibcode:2020Natur.587..523G. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03312-2. PMID 33235367.
  7. ↑ https://theconversation.com/university-rankings-are-unscientific-and-bad-for-education-experts-point-out-the-flaws-223033
  8. ↑ https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20240523152105824
  9. ↑ https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20240523152105824
  10. ↑ https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2024/05/11/weekend-reading-dismantling-the-marketisation-of-higher-education/
  11. ↑ "A decade later Rhodes University says 'we told you so' on rankings obsession". www.ru.ac.za (in Turanci). 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
  12. ↑ Sharon, Finn (2024). "University rankings are unscientific and bad for education: experts point out the flaws".
  13. ↑ "University rankings are unscientific and bad for education: Experts point out the flaws". 12 February 2024.
  14. ↑ https://www.universityworldnews.com/post-mobile.php?story=20240423081048420
  15. ↑ "URAP – University Ranking by Academic Performance". urapcenter.org. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07.
  16. ↑ "Best universities in Africa 2024". 2024.
  17. ↑ "World Rankings – Africa 2013-14". University Rankings. Times Higher Education. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  18. ↑ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11125-015-9365-y
  19. ↑ "World University Rankings 2024 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2024-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  20. ↑ "World University Rankings 2023 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  21. ↑ "World University Rankings 2022 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  22. ↑ "World University Rankings 2021 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  23. ↑ "World University Rankings 2020 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  24. ↑ "World University Rankings 2019 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  25. ↑ "World University Rankings 2018 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2018-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  26. ↑ "World University Rankings 2017 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2017-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  27. ↑ "World University Rankings 2016 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  28. ↑ "World University Rankings 2012 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2012-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  29. ↑ "World University Rankings 2015 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2015-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  30. ↑ "World University Rankings 2014 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2014-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  31. ↑ "World University Rankings 2013 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  32. ↑ "World University Rankings 2011 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE) (in Turanci). 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  33. ↑ "QS World University Rankings 2024". Top Universities (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-02-29.
  34. ↑ "South Africa Universities in Top 500 – 2014". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Archived from the original on 17 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
  35. ↑ "South Africa Universities in Top 500 – 2013". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  36. ↑ "South Africa Universities in Top 500 – 2010". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  37. ↑ "South Africa Universities in Top 500 – 2010". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  38. ↑ "South Africa Universities in Top 500 – 2009". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  39. ↑ "South Africa Universities in Top 500 – 2008". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  40. ↑ "South Africa Universities in Top 500 – 2007". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  41. ↑ "South Africa Universities in Top 500 – 2006". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  42. ↑ "South Africa Universities in Top 500 – 2005". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  43. ↑ "ARWU 2004". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  44. ↑ "ARWU 2003". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  45. ↑ "CWUR 2018-2019 Top Universities in the World". cwur.org. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
  46. ↑ "CWUR 2015 Top Universities in the World". cwur.org. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
  47. ↑ "URAP – University Ranking by Academic Performance". Top Universities. Informatics Institute of Middle East Technical University. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  48. ↑ "THE Alma Mater Index:Global Executives 2013". University Rankings. Times Higher Education. 5 September 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  49. ↑ "Global Employability University Ranking 2013". University Ranings. Emerging. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  50. ↑ "Bloomberg Best (and Worst)". University Rankings. Bloomberg. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
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