Mutanen Surma

Mutanen Surma

Yankuna masu yawan jama'a
Habasha

Suri sunan wata gamayya ne ga kabilu uku (Chai, Timaga, da Baale) galibi suna zaune a gundumar Suri, a kudu maso yammacin Habasha . Suna da kamanceceniya da yawa a siyasance, yanki da al'adu, tattalin arziki amma suna magana da harsuna daban-daban. Dukkansu suna magana da harsunan Kudu maso Gabas Surmic a cikin dangin harshen Nilo-Saharan, wanda ya haɗa da yarukan mutane Mun, Majang, da Me'en.

Dubawa

Kalmar Suri sunan gamayya ne na Chai, Timaga, da Baale kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin lakabin "Suri woreda" (= karamar hukuma) a kudu maso yammacin Habasha, iyaka da Sudan ta Kudu. Alkaluman kidayar jama'ar kasar Habasha na shekarar 2007 ga kabilun kasar sun bambanta "Suri" daga "Mursi" da "Me'enit" (wanda ya zama na Me'en). Wasu mawallafa sun yi amfani da kalmomin "Suri" da "Surma" tare,  ko don dalilai masu karo da juna.

Suri mutane ne masu noma da makiyaya kuma suna zaune a yankin Kudu maso yammacin Habasha na yankin Suri ta Yamma a yankin Omo a kasar Habasha, yayin da sauran kungiyoyin ke zama a wani bangare a makwabciyar kasar Sudan ta Kudu. Yawan Suri ya kasance 20,622 a cikin 1998 (ƙidayar ƙidayar) da ca. 32,000 a cikin 2016. Suri ma suna da alaƙa da Mursi a al'adance.

Tarihi

Bisa ga al'adar baka ta Suri, sun fito ne daga Boma Plateau, Omo Valley, da Gobi na Maji Plateau zuwa yankinsu na yanzu kimanin shekaru 200 da suka wuce. Da farko sun zo Akobo (gabas daga Blue Nile ); Daga nan sai suka karkata ta bangarori hudu, zuwa kasan Kidhoa Bo na mewun zuwa tsaunin Boma da na sama daga Gobi maji Plateau da kwarin Omo na kogin Omo zuwa shologoy dutse. Waɗannan baƙin kuma sun mamaye ƙungiyoyin gida. Tun daga ƙarshen 1890s, sojojin daular Habasha da mazauna arewa suka tursasa Suri. Sakamakon wannan cin zarafi na siyasa da tattalin arziki, Suri da yawa sun tafi Plateau Boma a Kudancin Sudan, musamman bayan 1925. A cikin shekarun 1980 mutanen Suri sun yi safarar makamai masu sarrafa kansu daga Sudan.

Rahotannin gudun hijira

A cewar "kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na kabilanci" ( Survival International and Native Solutions to Conservation Refugees), al'ummomin yankin, musamman Suri, Nyangatom, Anywa da Mursi, har yanzu suna cikin haɗarin ƙaura da kuma hana su zuwa wuraren kiwo na gargajiya da na noma. Fiye da shekaru goma da suka wuce babbar matsalar Suri da Mursi ita ce gwamnati ta kawo gidauniyar Parks Foundation, wadda aka fi sani da African Parks Conservation, na Netherlands . Wadannan kungiyoyin fafutuka sun ba da rahoton cewa, mutanen Surma/Suri, Me'en da kuma Mursi jami'an shakatawa na gwamnati ne suka tilasta musu buga takardu da ba za su iya karantawa ba. Takardun rahotanni sun ce mutanen yankin sun amince su ba da filayensu ba tare da biyan diyya ba, kuma ana amfani da su ne wajen halasta iyakokin dajin Omo, wanda African Parks suka kwace. Wannan tsari, idan an gama, zai sa Suri, Mun, da dai sauransu su zama masu zaman banza a kasarsu. Irin wannan makoma kusan ta sami sauran ƙungiyoyin da su ma ke zaune a ciki ko kusa da wurin shakatawa, misali Dizi da Nyangatom. Abubuwan da ke barazana ga rayuwar Suri da maƙwabta a halin yanzu manyan ayyuka ne da jihar ke jagoranta kamar gina madatsar ruwa ta Gilgel Gibe III (wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2016) wanda ya kawar da noman raƙuman ruwa tare da haifar da ƙarancin ruwa, da kuma ci gaba da gina babbar madatsar ruwa ta daya. - gonakin noman (sukari) a yawancin wuraren kiwo da noman su. Wadannan suna matukar shafar rayuwa, rabe-raben halittu, albarkatu, da sararin samaniya, kuma ba sa haifar da ci gaban bil'adama na al'ummomin yankin.

Al'adu

Huda lebe da lobes da shigar da farantin leɓe wani yanki ne mai ƙarfi na al'adun Suri. A lokacin balaga, galibin ‘yan mata kan cire hakoransu na kasa domin a huda musu lebbansu na kasa. Da zarar leben ya huda, sai a miqe sannan a sanya farantin leben masu girma a cikin rami na huda. Samun farantin lebe alama ce ta kyawun mace da dacewa; Wani abin da ake tunani shi ne, girman farantin, yawan shanun da matar ta fi "daraja" akan farashin amarya, kodayake wasu sun musanta hakan

A lokuta na musamman, mutanen Suri suna sanya furanni masu launi a kawunansu kuma suna fenti fuskokinsu da jikinsu. Saboda rashin madubi, mutane suna fentin juna. Ana yin fenti ta hanyar haɗa ganye da furanni daga tsire-tsire iri-iri, dakakken dutsen (farare ko ja) da ruwa<refhttp://www.mursi.org/introducing-the-mursi/Body%20Art/lip-plates></ref>

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

Wikimedia Commons on Mutanen Surma

• The Surma People of the Omo Valley : Ethiopia
• MOJA AFRIKA (Etiopija; ljubljana - Nairobi. Z motorjem!), video of a 2006 visit to the Surma in Ethiopia (in Slovene)