Pierre Gédéon de Nolivos
Pierre Gédéon, Comte de Nolivos (an haife shi 25 Nuwamba 1715) sojan Faransa ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamnan Guadeloupe daga 1765 zuwa 1768,sannan a matsayin Gwamnan Saint-Domingue daga 1769 zuwa 1772.
Shekarun farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Pierre Gédéon René de Nolivos a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1715 a Léogâne a yankin Faransa na Saint-Domingue (yanzu Haiti ). [1]An yi masa baftisma a ranar 17 ga Satumba 1716 a Léogane.[2] Mahaifinsa,wanda ake kira Pierre Gédéon,an haife shi a Sauveterre-de-Béarn,ɗan alkali a Majalisar Navarre,kuma ya shiga cikin balaguron sirri da yawa kafin a aika shi zuwa Saint-Domingue a 1707.[3]2][3]Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Renée Giet (1683-1756).Mahaifinsa ya isa Saint Domingue a 1707 a matsayin kyaftin na kamfani kyauta.An nada shi babba a Petit-Goâve a ranar 4 ga Disamba 1717,da kuma jarumin Order of Saint Louis a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1721.Ya mutu a Léogane a ranar 14 ga Agusta 1732.[4]
Nolivos ya shiga aikin sojan ruwa a matsayin alama kuma an kara masa girma zuwa laftanar sannan kuma kyaftin din jirgin (capitaine de vaisseaux ).[5]A cikin 1745 Pierre Gédéon de Nolivos jami'i ne a cikin tawagar Marquis de Caylus,Gwamna Janar na tsibirin Windward,wanda ya yanke masa hukunci "cike da kishi,wuta da kishi".[4]An nada shi brigadier,sannan mataimaki général des logis ko mataimakin shugaban hafsan soji na Bas-Rhin a 1761.[5]
Gwamnan Guadeloupe[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Lua error a Module:Location_map/multi, layi na 27: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/Caribbean" does not exist. A cikin 1764 an nada Nolivos Gwamnan Gaudeloupe,inda ya yi aiki daga Maris 1765 zuwa Disamba 1768.[5]Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa shine kafa tashar jiragen ruwa kyauta.A cikin Afrilu 1765 ya ba wa wasu 'yan kasuwa biyu na Basse-Terre amanar aikin leken asiri a tsibirin arewa.Manufar ita ce a kafa wani kamfani inda za a iya adana kayayyaki don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje ba tare da biyan haraji na 1% zuwa 3%.Kayayyakin za su zama syrup da tafia (wani nau'in rum) waɗanda ake buƙata a Amurka amma ba a Turai ba.[5]Hakanan za'a iya amfani da entrepôt azaman hanyar fita don ƙarin samfuran Faransa kamar giya,giya,mai da sabulu.Sakamakon zai kasance don rage haramtattun kayayyaki da kuma nisantar da kasuwancin Ingilishi daga yankunan Faransa.[5]An yi watsi da aikin a watan Nuwamba 1765 a Saint Martin,amma ya koma bayan shekaru biyu a Saint Lucia da Saint Domingue.[5]
Gwamnan Saint Domingue[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan ya bar Gaudeloupe,Nolivos ya kasance gwamnan Saint Domingue daga Satumba 1769 zuwa Janairu 1772.[5]Nolivos yana da dukiya mai yawa,kuma ya mallaki kofi da noman sukari iri-iri a Saint-Domingue, da kuma wani gidan gari a kan Rue de la Grange Batelière. Paris.[3]A cikin 1771 a Port-au-Prince ya auri Suzanne Marcombe,gwauruwa na Ambroise Roux,na dangi na asali daga Angers .[4]An haifi matarsa a 1714.[4]An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aure a ranar 6 ga Maris 1771.[4]Kadarorin Nolivos da aka jera a cikin kwangilar sun hada da makudan kudade,bayi 46 na gida,dawakai 26,kayan daki da kayan azurfa.Matarsa kuma ta sayi kudi, gonar kofi,bayi 40 negro da sauran kadarori.[4]Kafin bikin aure a ranar 19 ga Maris 1771 maza sun yi nishadi a fadar gwamna,da mata a cikin niyya.Baƙi na jinsi biyu sun shiga cocin da ƙarfe ɗaya. [6]
Shekarun baya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sarki ya tuna da Nolivos a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1771.Shi da matarsa sun bar Saint-Domingue a ƙarshen wannan shekarar a kan jirgin Thomas,kuma suka tashi a Nantes a cikin Afrilu 1772.Uku daga cikin bayin da suka raka su bayi ne,Jean Simon,mai dafa abinci,Jean Louis,Valet da Charlotte,mulatto.[4]Takardun doka na 28 ga Mayu 1773 ya nuna cewa Nolivos da matarsa suna zaune a Paris a kan Rue Grange Batelière.[4]
Ƙididdigar Nolivos ta sami fensho na 6,000 a cikin 1775.Ya yi ritaya zuwa ƙasar danginsa a Béarn bayan mutuwar matarsa a ranar 21 ga Agusta 1782 a Paris.[4]A lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa,a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1793 Nolivos, mai shekaru 79 da takaba ba tare da yara ba,an sanya shi a cikin jerin wadanda ake zargi a matsayin aristocrat,kamar yadda dan uwansa Marquis de Nolivos,mai shekaru 41 kuma ya yi aure tare da yara hudu.An sake shi a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1794. Ba a san ranar mutuwarsa ba [4]