Prag
 Prag | |||||
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| Praha (cs) | |||||
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| Inkiya | Mater urbium, Stověžatá Praha, Praga Caput Regni da Praga Caput Rei publicae | ||||
| Wuri | |||||
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| Ƙasa | Kazech | ||||
Enclave within (en)  |
Central Bohemian Region (en) | ||||
| Babban birnin |
Kazech (1993–)
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| Yawan mutane | |||||
| Faɗi | 1,397,880 (2025) | ||||
| • Yawan mutane | 2,817.11 mazaunan/km² | ||||
| Home (en) | 579,509 (2011) | ||||
| Labarin ƙasa | |||||
| Yawan fili | 496.21 km² | ||||
| • Ruwa | 2.2 | ||||
| Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku |
Vltava (mul) , Čertovka (en) , Botič (en) , Dalejský potok (en) , Prokopský potok (en) , Říčanský potok (en) , Lochkovský potok (en) da Rokytka (en) | ||||
| Altitude (en) | 235 m | ||||
| Wuri mafi tsayi |
Teleček (en) (399 m) | ||||
| Wuri mafi ƙasa |
Vltava (mul) (175.5 m) | ||||
| Sun raba iyaka da |
Zeleneč (en) Zdiby (en) Úvaly (mul) Černošice (mul) Přezletice (en) Říčany (mul) Květnice (en) Bořanovice (en) Jenštejn (en) Hovorčovice (mul) Radonice (en) Hostivice (mul) Roztoky (mul) Jíloviště (en) Sibřina (en) Podolanka (en) Jinočany (en) Chrášťany (en) Dobrovíz (en) Vestec (en) Jesenice (en) Únětice (en) Zbuzany (en) Veleň (en) Šestajovice (en) Křenice (en) Ořech (en) Kněževes (en) Průhonice (en) Zlatníky-Hodkovice (en) Horoměřice (en) Kosoř (en) Čestlice (en) Tuchoměřice (en) Nupaky (en) Jirny (en) Dolní Břežany (en) Zvole (en) Prague-East District (en) Prague-West District (en) Central Bohemian Region (en)
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| Bayanan tarihi | |||||
| Ƙirƙira | 8 century | ||||
| Muhimman sha'ani | |||||
| Tsarin Siyasa | |||||
| Gangar majalisa |
Prague City Assembly (en) | ||||
| • Mayor of Prague (en) |
Bohuslav Svoboda (en) (16 ga Faburairu, 2023) | ||||
| Ikonomi | |||||
| Nominal GDP (en) |
1,193,200,000,000 Czech koruna (en) (2016) | ||||
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa | |||||
| Lambar aika saƙo | 100 00–199 00, 252 26 da 252 28 | ||||
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | |||||
| Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho | 2 | ||||
| Lamba ta ISO 3166-2 | CZ-10 da CZ-PR | ||||
| NUTS code | CZ010 | ||||
| Wasu abun | |||||
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| Yanar gizo | praha.eu | ||||
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Prag ko Purag (da harshen Cek: Praha; da Turanci, da Faransanci: Prague) shi ne babban birnin kasar Jamhuriyar Czech. Yawan na birnin fiye da mutane miliyan ɗaya. Prague ne mafi girma a birnin a Jamhuriyar Czech. Wannan birni ɗaya daga cikin muhimman kasuwanci, al’adu da yawon shakatawa cibiyoyin a Tsakiyar Turai. Prag na akan kogin Vltava ne.
Prague birni ne na tarihi tare da Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance da gine-ginen Baroque. Ita ce babban birnin Masarautar Bohemia kuma mazaunin sarakunan Romawa masu tsarki da yawa, musamman Charles IV (r. 1346–1378) da Rudolf II (r. 1575–1611).[1]Birni ne mai mahimmanci ga masarautar Habsburg da Austria-Hungary. Birnin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Bohemian da sauye-sauyen Furotesta, Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin da kuma a cikin tarihi na ƙarni na 20 a matsayin babban birnin Czechoslovakia tsakanin Yaƙin Duniya da zamanin Kwaminisanci bayan yaƙi.[2] Prague gida ne ga al'adun al'adu da dama da suka hada da Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square tare da agogon astronomical Prague, Quarter Yahudawa, Dutsen Petřín da Vyšehrad. Tun 1992, cibiyar tarihi ta Prague ta kasance cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na UNESCO.
Garin yana da manyan gidajen tarihi sama da goma, tare da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, gidajen tarihi, sinima, da sauran abubuwan tarihi. Babban tsarin sufurin jama'a na zamani ya haɗa birnin. Gida ce ga makarantu da yawa na jama'a da masu zaman kansu, gami da Jami'ar Charles a Prague, jami'a mafi tsufa a Turai ta Tsakiya.
An rarraba Prague a matsayin "Beta+" birni na duniya bisa ga binciken GaWC.[3]A cikin 2019, Fihirisar PICSA ta sanya birnin a matsayin birni na 13 mafi kyawun rayuwa a duniya.[4]Babban tarihinta ya sa ya zama sanannen wurin yawon buɗe ido kuma tun daga 2017, birnin yana karɓar baƙi sama da miliyan 8.5 na duniya kowace shekara. A cikin 2017, an jera Prague a matsayin birni na biyar da aka fi ziyarta a Turai bayan London, Paris, Rome, da Istanbul.[5]
Hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
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Wenceslas Square, postcard, end of 19th century, view from Mustek, Prag. -
Hasumiyar gidan talabijin na Zizkov Prag -
Monument to Jan Žižka and mausoleum of Klement Gottwald, Prag -
St Venceslas, detail, Prag
Sunanta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duba kuma: Sunayen garuruwan Turai a cikin yaruka daban-daban (M–P) § P Sunan Czech Praha ya samo asali ne daga tsohuwar kalmar Slavic, práh, wanda ke nufin "ford" ko "sauri", yana nufin asalin birnin a mashigar kogin Vltava.[6]
Wani ra'ayi game da asalin sunan kuma yana da alaƙa da kalmar Czech práh (tare da ma'anar ƙofa) kuma ƙa'idar almara ta haɗu da sunan birnin tare da gimbiya Libuše, annabiya da matar wanda ya kafa daular Přemyslid. An ce ta ba da umarnin "a gina birnin inda mutum ya ke saran kofar gidansa". Don haka ana iya fahimtar Czech práh yana nufin Rapids ko mashigai a cikin kogin, wanda gefensa zai iya zama hanyar keɓance kogin - don haka yana ba da "kofa" zuwa gidan. An ba da shawarar wani sunan Praha daga na prazě, asalin kalmar dutsen dutsen shale wanda aka gina ainihin katafaren ginin. A wancan lokacin, ginin yana kewaye da gandun daji, wanda ya rufe tuddai tara na birnin nan gaba - Tsohon Garin da ke gefen kogin, da kuma Karamin Gari da ke ƙarƙashin ginin da ake da shi, ya bayyana ne daga baya.[7]
Harafin Turanci na sunan birni an aro shi ne daga Faransanci. A cikin ƙarni na 19th da farkon 20th an furta shi da Ingilishi don yin waƙa da "marasa kyau": Lady Diana Cooper (an haife shi 1892) ne ya furta haka a kan Desert Island Discs a cikin 1969, [8] kuma an rubuta shi zuwa rhyme tare da "marasa kyau" a cikin ayar The Beleaguered da kuma Longfellow City (18 Longfellow) na Prague na Edward Lear (1846). Ana kuma kiran Prague "Birnin Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙira", bisa ƙidayar da masanin lissafin karni na 19 Bernard Bolzano ya yi; Ma'aikatar Watsa Labarai ta Prague ta kiyasta adadin na yau a 500.[9] Laƙabi na Prague kuma sun haɗa da: Birnin Zinariya, Uwar Birane da Zuciyar Turai.[10]
Al'ummar Yahudawa na gida, wanda na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin da ke ci gaba da kasancewa a duniya, sun bayyana birnin a matsayin עיר ואם בישראל Ir va-em be-yisrael, "Birni da uwa a Isra'ila" [11][12]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban labarin: Tarihin Prague Don jagorar tarihin lokaci, duba Timeline na Prague. Prague ya girma daga ƙauyen da ke shimfiɗa daga Prague Castle a arewa zuwa katangar Vyšehrad a kudu, ya zama babban birnin ƙasar Turai ta zamani. Tare da ajiyar kayan tarihi sama da 10m mai zurfi, birnin ya zama abin koyi don aiwatar da cikakkun ka'idoji don kare kayan tarihi na kayan tarihi a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech.[13]
Tarihin farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gimbiya ta almara Libuše tana annabcin ɗaukakar Prague. An zaunar da yankin tun farkon shekarun Paleolithic.[14]Marubuci Bayahude David Solomon Ganz, yana ambaton Cyriacus Spangenberg, ya yi iƙirarin cewa an kafa birnin a matsayin Boihaem a c. 1306 BC ta wani tsohon sarki Boyya.[15]
Kusan karni na biyar da na huɗu BC, wata kabilar Celtic ta bayyana a yankin, daga baya ta kafa ƙauyuka, gami da mafi girman oppidum na Celtic a Bohemia, Závist, a cikin wani yanki na kudu na yanzu Zbraslav a cikin Prague, da kuma suna yankin Bohemia, wanda ke nufin "gidan mutanen Boii".[16][17][17]A cikin karnin da ya gabata BC, kabilun Jamus (Marcomanni, Quadi, Lombards da yuwuwar Suebi) sun kori Celts, wanda ya sa wasu suka sanya kujerar sarki Marcomanni, Maroboduus, a cikin Závist.[18][19]. A kusa da yankin da Prague na yau yake tsaye, taswirar karni na 2 wanda masanin kimiya na Rome Ptolemaios ya zana ya ambaci wani birni na Jamus mai suna Casurgis.[20]
- ↑ "Brief History of Prague, Czech Republic | Prague.com". prague.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ↑ "Short History of Bohemia, Moravia and then Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic". hedgie.eu. 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ↑ "The World According to GaWC 2020". GaWC. Archived from the original on 10 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
- ↑ "The PICSA Index". PICSA. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
- ↑ "Top 100 City Destinations Revealed: Prague among Most Visited in the World". Expats.cz. 8 November 2017. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ↑ "What's in a Name? (Prague History Lesson)". Prague Summer Program for Writers. 22 February 2016. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ↑ Dudák, Vladislav (2010). Praha: Průvodce magickým centrem Evropy [Prague: A Guide to the Magical Center of Europe]. Praha: Práh. p. 184. ISBN 978-80-7252-302-3.
- ↑ "Interview with Lady Diana Cooper". Desert Island Discs. 24 March 1969. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
- ↑ "Kolik věží má "stověžatá" Praha? Nadšenci jich napočítali přes pět set". idnes.cz (in Czech). Mladá fronta DNES. 5 August 2010. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ↑ "Visit Prague, the City of a Hundred spires". prague.fm. Archived from the original on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ↑ McCarthy, Suzanne (10 December 2012). "A city and a mother in Israel". BLT. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ↑ Jewish Prague/Židovská Praha - anglicky (in Czech).
- ↑ Novák, D; Staňková, V; Rýpar, V; Podliska, J; Hasil, J (2025). "Managing the Urban Archaeological Heritage of Prague: The Benefits of Collaboration". Internet Archaeology (70). doi:10.11141/ia.70.3. Archived from the original on 24 March 2025. Retrieved 25 March 2025.
- ↑ Demetz, Peter (1997). "Chapter One: Libussa, or Versions of Origin". Prague in Black and Gold: Scenes from the Life of a European City. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-7843-1. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ↑ Dovid Solomon Ganz, Tzemach Dovid (3rd edition), part 2, Warsaw 1878, pp. 71, 85 (online Archived 21 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine)
- ↑ Demetz, Peter (1997). "Chapter One: Libussa, or Versions of Origin". Prague in Black and Gold: Scenes from the Life of a European City. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-7843-1. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Kenety, Brian (29 October 2004). "Unearthing Bohemia's Celtic heritage ahead of Samhain, the 'New Year'". Czech Radio. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ↑ Kenety, Brian (19 November 2005). "Atlantis české archeologie" (in Czech). Czech Radio. Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ↑ Dovid Solomon Ganz, Tzemach Dovid (3rd edition), part 2, Warsaw 1878, pp. 71, 85 (online Archived 21 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine)
- ↑ Praha byla Casurgis" [Prague was Casurgis] (in Czech). cs-magazin.com. February 2011. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.