Raunin da ke cikin yara
| Raunin da ke cikin yara | |
|---|---|
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
injury (en) pediatric disorder (en) |
| Specialty (en) |
pediatric traumatology (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
Trauma a cikin yara, wanda aka fi sani da rauni na yara, yana nufin rauni mai rauni wanda ya faru da jariri, yaro ko matashi. Saboda bambance-bambance na jikin mutum da na jiki tsakanin yara da manya kulawa da gudanar da wannan yawan ya bambanta.
Bambance-bambance na jikin mutum da na jiki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai manyan bambance-bambance na jikin mutum da na jiki tsakanin yara da manya. , gabobin ciki suna kusa da juna a cikin yara fiye da manya; wannan yana sanya yara cikin haɗarin rauni mai rauni.[1]
Yara suna gabatar da ƙalubale na musamman a cikin kula da rauni saboda sun bambanta da manya - a cikin jiki, ci gaba, a cikin jiki da kuma motsin rai. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2006 ya kammala cewa hadarin mutuwa ga yara masu rauni ya fi ƙanƙanta lokacin da ake ba da kulawa a cibiyoyin rauni na yara maimakon a cibiyoyi marasa rauni na yara. Duk da haka kusan kashi 10% na yara da suka ji rauni ana kula da su a cibiyoyin kula da yara. Mafi yawan mace-mace yana faruwa a cikin yara waɗanda ake kula da su a yankunan karkara ba tare da samun damar cibiyoyin rauni ba.
Wani muhimmin bangare na kula da rauni a cikin yara shine kimanta nauyi. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kimanta nauyi, gami da tef na Broselow, tsarin Leffler, da tsarin Theron. Daga cikin wadannan hanyoyi guda uku, tef na Broselow shine mafi daidaito don kimanta nauyi a cikin yara ≤ 25 kg, yayin da tsarin Theron ya fi kyau tare da marasa lafiya masu nauyin > 40 kg.[2]
A lissafi na asali, nauyin yaro zuwa girman yanki ya fi na babba, yara suna da sauƙin rasa zafi na jiki ta hanyar radiation kuma suna da haɗarin zama hypothermic. Ƙ girman jiki a cikin yara sau da yawa yana sa su iya samun rauni na poly traumatic.
Bincike[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Makin Ciwon Yara[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An ƙirƙiri tsarin rarrabuwa da yawa waɗanda ke amfani da wasu haɗe-haɗe na zahiri da bayanai na haƙiƙa a ƙoƙarin ƙididdige tsananin rauni. Misalai sun haɗa da Makin Rauni da wani ingantaccen sigar Glasgow Coma Scale.[3] Ƙarin tsarin rarrabuwa, kamar Revised Trauma Score, APACHE II, da SAPS II suna ƙara bayanan ilimin lissafi zuwa ma'auni a cikin yunƙurin ƙara ma'anar tsananin, wanda zai iya zama da amfani wajen tantance wadanda suka jikkata da kuma a cikin ƙayyadaddun kulawar likita da tsinkayar tsinkaya.
Ko da yake suna da amfani, duk waɗannan matakan suna da iyakacin iyaka lokacin amfani da marasa lafiya na yara. Don haka, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sukan yi amfani da tsarin rarrabawa waɗanda aka gyara ko ma na musamman don amfani a cikin yawan yara. Misali, Sikelin Coma na Pediatric Glasgow shine gyare-gyaren sikelin Coma na Glasgow wanda ke da amfani ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su haɓaka ƙwarewar harshe ba.[4]
Tara da mahimmancin nauyin jiki da diamita ta jirgin sama, raunin rauni (PTS) ya haɓaka don nuna raunin yara don rauni. Matsakaicin makin shine -6 kuma matsakaicin maki shine +12. Akwai dangantaka ta layi tsakanin raguwar PTS da haɗarin mace-mace (watau ƙananan PTS, mafi girman haɗarin mutuwa).[12]. An kiyasta mace-mace a 9% tare da PTS> 8, kuma a 100% tare da PTS ≤ 0.[5][6]
A mafi yawan lokuta ana yin la'akari da tsananin raunin raunin yara ta hanyar raunin raunin yara duk da cewa wasu bincike sun nuna babu wani fa'ida tsakaninsa da ma'aunin raunin da aka bita.
Gudanarwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gudanar da raunin yara ya dogara ne akan ilimin ilimin lissafi, ilimin jiki, da bambance-bambancen ci gaba idan aka kwatanta da balagagge mai haƙuri, wannan yana buƙatar gwaninta a wannan yanki.[14] A cikin yanayin da ake ciki kafin asibiti al'amurra na iya tasowa tare da kula da marasa lafiya na yara saboda rashin ilimi da albarkatun da ke tattare da maganin wadannan raunuka.[15] Duk da cewa akwai ɗan bambanci kaɗan kawai a cikin sakamakon a cikin cibiyoyin cutar da yara na manya, ana samun ingantaccen kulawa a cibiyar raunin yara.[16][17]
Epidemiology[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bisa ga Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) WISQARS na sabuwar shekarar data (2010), mummunan rauni yana kashe kusan yara 10,000 a Amurka kowace shekara.[18]
Ciwon yara ya kai kashi 59.5% na yawan mace-macen yara a ƙasa da shekara 18 a cikin 2004.[1][19] Raunin shine babban sanadin mutuwa a cikin wannan rukunin shekaru a Amurka - ya fi duk sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa.[20] Har ila yau, shi ne babban abin da ke haifar da gurguzu ga yara.[21][22] A Amurka kimanin yara 16,000,000 ne ke zuwa dakin gaggawa na asibiti saboda wani irin rauni kowace shekara.[4] Yaran maza sun fi samun rauni fiye da yara mata da kashi biyu zuwa daya.[4] Wasu raunuka da suka hada da konewar ido na sinadarai, sun fi yawa a tsakanin kananan yara fiye da takwarorinsu na manya; wadannan suna da yawa saboda kayan tsaftacewa da makamantansu da aka fi samu a kusa da gida[23]. Hakazalika, raunin da ya faru a cikin yara yana faruwa ne saboda kayan rubutu da sauran kayan gida na yau da kullun saboda yawancin yara suna samuwa ga yara a lokacin rayuwarsu.[24]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Dickinson E, Limmer D, O'Keefe MF, Grant HD, Murray R (2008). Emergency Care (11th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 848–52. ISBN 978-0-13-500524-8.
- ↑ Petrosyan, Mikael; Guner, Yigit S. MD; Emami, Claudia N. MD; Ford, Henri R. MD (August 2009). "Disparities in the Delivery of Pediatric Trauma Care". The Journal of Trauma. 67 (2 Supplement (Injury, Infection, and Critical Care Issue)): S114–S119. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181ad3251. PMID 19667843.
- ↑ So TY, Farrington E, Absher RK (2009). "Evaluation of the accuracy of different methods used to estimate weights in the pediatric population". Pediatrics. 123 (6): e1045–51. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1968. PMID 19482737. S2CID 6009482. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
- ↑ "Pediatric Trauma And Triage: Overview of the Problem and Necessary Care for Positive Outcomes". Jim Morehead. Archived from the original (powerpoint) on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
- ↑ Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE (1985). "APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system". Critical Care Medicine. 13 (10): 818–29. doi:10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009. PMID 3928249.
- ↑ Le Gall JR, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F (1993). "A New Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) Based on a European/North American Multicenter Study". Journal of the American Medical Association. 270 (24): 2957–63. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510240069035. PMID 8254858.