Haƙƙin Rayuwar Iyali
 Haƙƙin Rayuwar Iyali | |
|---|---|
| Hakkokin Yan-adam | |
| Bayanai | |
Foundational text (en)  | Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam |
| Muhimmin darasi | iyali |
Haƙƙinin rayuwar iyali haƙƙi ne na kowane mutum don a girmama tsarin rayuwar danginsa, kuma ya kasance Yana kiyaye danginsa. An yarda da wannan haƙƙin a cikin haƙƙin ɗan adam daban-daban na duniya, gami da Mataki na 16 na Sanarwar Universalan Adam ta Duniya, Mataki na 23 na Yarjejeniyar Coasa da 'Yancin Siyasa, da Mataki na 8 na Yarjejeniyar Turai game da' Yancin Dan Adam .
Ma'ana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Canjin yanayin iyali yana buƙatar ma'anar abin da iyali ya ƙunsa. Babu wata hamayya da ke nuna cewa dangantaka tsakanin mata da miji, abokan aure (de facto), [1] iyaye da yara, [2] ‘yan’uwa, [3] da‘ dangi na kusa ’kamar tsakanin kakanni da jikoki [4] yana wakiltar iyali kamar yadda ake buƙata ƙarƙashin haƙƙin rayuwar iyali. Kalubale ya kasance inda nau'ikan dangantakar iyali ta zamani suka ɓullo da cewa har yanzu doka ba ta fito fili ta amince da su ba. "Kasancewar… na rayuwar iyali tambaya ce ta gaskiya" kuma ana yanke hukunci akai-akai a karkashin kowane yanayi na gaskiya. Kotun Turai na ’Yancin’ ɗan Adam ya bayyana cewa lokacin da take yin la’akari da abin da ya kuma ƙunshi dangantakar iyali Kotun “dole ne ta yi la’akari da ci gaban da ake samu a cikin al’umma da kuma canje-canje game da yadda ake fahimta game da zamantakewar jama’a, halin mutumtaka da kuma batun dangantaka, gami da cewa babu guda ɗaya tak. hanya ko zaɓi ɗaya a fagen jagoranci da rayuwar dangin mutum ko rayuwa ta sirri ”. [5] Canulla dangi na iya yankewa. [6]
Dangantaka da 'yancin yin aure
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Haƙƙinin yin aure yana da alaƙa da haƙƙin rayuwar iyali, duk da kuma haka haƙƙoƙin biyu ba su da kama. An ba da haƙƙin aure a bayyane a cikin duk kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, [7] mahimmanci samar da cewa dukkan mutane suna da 'yancin yin aure kuma sun sami iyali. Haƙƙin rayuwar iyali galibi yana nufin haƙƙin mutum don ƙirƙirar da kula da zamantakewar iyali. An bayyana a cikin X, Y da Z v United Kingdom cewa a halin da ake ciki an fitar da mai mata daga jihar abokin tarayyarsu saboda asalinsu, babu keta haddin ikon yin aure kasancewar mutanen sun riga sun yi aure, don haka dole ne a yi la’akari da haƙƙin rayuwar iyali. [8]
Kalubale
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Babban yanki na rikici yana faruwa tsakanin ikon Amurka don sarrafa shigarwa da zama a cikin iyakokinta da kuma tasirin wannan ikon akan haƙƙin ɗan adam na rayuwar iyali. A cikin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ƙa'idar ta gabaɗaya ta nuna cewa wata ƙasa tana da haƙƙin tsara shigarwa da zama a cikin yankinta. [9] Lokacin da wannan ikon sarrafawa ya haifar da kora daga mutum, wannan na iya haifar da keta haƙƙin mutum na zama tare da danginsu. Wannan rikice-rikicen yana faruwa ne inda baƙi ya kasance mata, mahaifi ko dangi na ɗan wata Jiha, kuma Jiha tana son cire ko ƙin shigowa baƙin haure. [10] Lokacin da aka gabatar da ƙalubale gaban Kotuna ko hukumomin sa ido, dole ne a daidaita tsakanin haƙƙin Jiha na aiwatar da dokokin ƙaura da kiyaye zaman lafiyar jama'a, da kuma tasirin aiwatar da waɗannan dokokin zai shafi haƙƙin mutum na rayuwar iyali . [11] An jaddada cewa ba aikin sa ido ba ne ga "sa ido kan manufofin shige da fice na gwamnati, amma don bincika ko an tabbatar da hakkin mai nema ga rayuwar iyali ba tare da nuna bambanci ba". [12]
Sanarwar Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sanarwar Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam (UDHR) ta kasance Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta amince da shi a ranar 10 Disamban shekara ta 1948, yana bayyana haƙƙin duniya da kowa ke da shi ba tare da la'akari da dalilai na asali ba. [13] Ana iya tabbarwa cewa UDHR yanzu yana wakiltar dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ta al'ada, kuma don haka yana da ikon tilasta doka akan Jihohi.
Tanadin da ya shafi haƙƙin dangi ya ta'allaka ne a cikin doka ta 16 (3) ta UDHR kamar haka:
Turai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsakanin Turai Yarjejeniyar Turai akan 'Yancin Ɗan Adam da Yarjejeniyar Tattalin Arziki ta Turai sun kasance a matsayin tushen haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali.
Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Ɗan Adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Labarin ya dora alhaki mai kyau da mara kyau a kan Jihohi; ba wai kawai ana buƙatar Jiha ba ne don kare jama’arta daga tsangwama ba bisa son rai ba daga hukumomin gwamnati, [14] dole ne kuma ta samar da tsare-tsarenta na shari’a na cikin gida da zai ba da damar ci gaban “rayuwar iyali ta yau da kullun”. [15]. [16]
Yarjejeniyar Zamantakewa ta Turai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Afirka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An bayyana kariyar iyali da ƙungiyoyin masu rauni a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a a cikin Mataki na 18, yana cewa:
Ƙasar Ingila
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Ƙasar Ingila haƙƙin rayuwar iyali 'haƙƙi ne mai cancanta' a ƙarƙashin Dokar 'Yancin Ɗan Adam ta shekara ta 1998. Wannan cancantar ta baiwa hukuma damar yin katsalandan game da haƙƙin rayuwar iyali idan ta kare haƙƙin wasu ne ko don maslahar al'umma. A ranar 9 ga Yulin shekara ta 2012 sabbin Dokokin Shige da Fice sun fara aiki a cikin Burtaniya, wanda ke ba da nauyi mafi girma ga ikon Amurka na sarrafa ikon shiga da zama idan aka kwatanta da haƙƙin mutum na rayuwar iyali. Wannan tunanin yana taƙaita ikon mutum don fuskantar nasarar ƙalubalen da suka yi imanin sun keta haƙƙinsu na asali na rayuwar iyali.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Johnston v Ireland (9697/82) ECHR 18 December 1986
- ↑ Berrehab v the Netherlands (3/1987/126/177; 10730/84) ECHR 28 May 1988.
- ↑ Olsson v Sweden (10465/83) ECHR 24 March 1988.
- ↑ Marckx v Belgium 2 EHRR 330.
- ↑ Villianatos and Others v Greece (29381/09 & 32684/09) [2013] ECHR (7 November 2013), at [84].
- ↑ Ivana Roagna “Protecting the right to respect for private and family life under the European Convention on Human Rights” (2012) Council of Europe Human Rights Handbooks, at 30.
- ↑ European Convention on Human Rights, Article 12; American Convention on Human Rights, Article 17; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 23(1); African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, Article 18; Universal Declaration on Human Rights, Article 16; European Social Charter, Article 16; International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Article 10.
- ↑ X, Y & Z v United Kingdom (GC) 22 April 1997.
- ↑ Chahal v United Kingdom (22414/93) [1996] ECHR 54 (15 November 1996), at [73].
- ↑ Emmet Whelan “The right to family live v immigration control: the application of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights in Ireland” (2006) Hibernian Law Journal 6, at 93.
- ↑ Burchill 2003.
- ↑ Abdulaziz, Cabales and Balkandali v United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 471.
- ↑ Daniel Moeckli, Sangeeta Shah and Sandesh Sivakumaran International Human Rights Law (2nd ed, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2014) at 30.
- ↑ Belgian Linguistics case (No. 2) (1968) 1 EHRR 252, at 33[7].
- ↑ Marckx v Belgium 2 EHRR. 330, at [31].
- ↑ Marckx v Belgium 2 EHRR. 330, at [31].