Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a a Albania
 Samun damar samun bayanai na jama'a a Albania | |
|---|---|
aspect in a geographic region (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Yancin Bayanai |
| Facet of (en) |
Q126912112 |
| Ƙasa | Albaniya |
Samun damar yin amfani da bayanan jama'a da ' yancin yin bayani (FOI) suna nufin 'yancin samun damar bayanan da ƙungiyoyin jama'a ke riƙe kuma aka sani da "yancin sani". Ana ɗaukar damar samun bayanan jama'a da mahimmancin mahimmanci don ingantaccen aiki na tsarin dimokuradiyya, saboda yana haɓaka lissafin gwamnatoci da jami'an jama'a, haɓaka sa hannun mutane da ba da damar shigarsu cikin ilimin rayuwar jama'a. Tushen haƙƙin samun bayanan jama'a shi ne cewa bayanan da cibiyoyin gwamnati ke riƙe a zahiri na jama'a ne kuma ana iya ɓoye su ne kawai bisa dalilai na halal waɗanda yakamata a bayyana su cikin doka. [1]
A Albaniya ’yancin samun damar yin amfani da bayanan jama’a yana da garantin tsarin mulki da kuma dokar ‘yancin samun bayanai da aka amince da ita a shekara ta 2014 da kuma samar da ingantaccen tsarin shari’a da ke tsara damar samun bayanan jama’a. [2] Duk da haka, duk da wasu gagarumin ci gaba wajen tabbatar da ‘yancin samun bayanai a cikin shekaru da suka gabata, akwai gagarumin rauni a cikin ayyukan tsarin da kuma aiwatar da dokar. Samun damar har yanzu kalubale ne a cikin ƙasa mai ƙaƙƙarfan al'adar sirri da sirri.
Fage
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Albaniya ta ba da tabbacin tsarin mulki da na shari'a na 'yancin samun bayanai. Kokarin kafa tsarin tsarin mulki da na doka da ke tabbatar da ‘yancin ‘yan kasa na samun bayanan jama’a ya samo asali ne tun farkon shekarun 1990 lokacin da Albaniya ta mika mulki daga kasar gurguzu zuwa tsarin dimokuradiyya mai jam’iyyu da yawa.
Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, wanda ya fara aiki tun daga 1998, ya tanadi wannan hakki a cikin sashi na 23 kuma ya tanadi hakkin kowane mutum na samun bayanan da hukumomin gwamnati ke gudanarwa da kuma halartar taron jama'a. [3] A cikin 2004, majalisar ta zartar da Dokar 8503, Haƙƙin Bayanai game da Dokar Takaddun Takaddun Hulɗa, ta zama ƙasa ta farko a yankin don ɗaukar doka kan 'yancin yin bayanai. A halin yanzu, ana tsara samun damar bayanai ta Dokar Haƙƙin Bayani da aka amince da ita a cikin 2014, wanda shine haɓaka dokoki da ƙa'idodi na baya. [4]
Albania kuma ta himmatu wajen tabbatar da haƙƙin samun bayanan jama'a ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da dama. A cikin 2002, Albania ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Samun Bayanai, Shiga Jama'a a Yanke Shawara da Samun Adalci a cikin Al'amuran Muhalli ( Aarhus Convention ) wanda ke buƙatar ɗaukar dokoki kan samun damar bayanan muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, a matsayinta na memba na Majalisar Turai, Albaniya ta himmatu don yin biyayya ga shawarar 2002 kan samun damar yin amfani da takaddun hukuma. [5]
Tsarin Shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sabuwar Dokar Haƙƙin Watsa Labarai ta Albaniya masana da yawa sun tantance a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakai na gaskiya da riƙon amana, wanda ke kawo dokokin Albaniya kusa da mafi kyawun ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya. [6] [7]
Sabuwar dokar ta ba da damar samun dama ga jama'a don samun takaddun hukuma, kuma ta tsara tsarin hukunci ga jami'an gwamnati da suka ki bayyana bayanai. [8] Sabuwar dokar ta hada da sabbin dabaru, kamar yiwuwar sake rarraba takardun sirri, fitar da wani bangare na bayanai da kuma amfani da ICTs don sa bayanan da aka rike py na jama'a su kasance da kuma isa ga jama'a. [9] Har ila yau, dokar ta kafa wajibcin nada kodinetoci domin samun bayanai daga kowace hukumar gwamnati da ke da alhakin kula da martanin hukumar game da buƙatun bayanai tare da samar da cibiyar kwamishinan haƙƙin bayanai da kare bayanan sirri da aka ɗora wa alhakin sa ido. sa ido kan bin doka da kuma ɗaukaka ƙungiyoyi da matakai a cikin lamuran ƙi ko bayyana wani ɓangare. [9] [10] A karkashin sabuwar dokar kwamishinan yana da ikon yin amfani da takunkumin ladabtarwa ga wadanda suka karya ka'idojin da aka kafa a cikin doka. [10] An karfafa tsarin takunkumi na rashin mutunta 'yancin samun bayanai tare da shigar da tsauraran takunkumin gudanarwa ga jami'an da suka karya doka. [10]
Bugu da ƙari kuma, sabon ya faɗaɗa fa'idar ma'anar kalmar "bayanan jama'a" da aka ayyana a matsayin duk wani bayanan da aka yi rajista ta kowace hanya da tsari, wanda hukumomin gwamnati ke kiyaye shi da ma'anar kalmar "hukumar jama'a" wanda a yanzu ya ƙunshi kasuwanci. kamfanoni inda jihar ke da mafi yawan hannun jari, da kuma duk wata hukuma ta doka da ke gudanar da ayyukan jama'a. [10] An gabatar da aikin bugawa don wasu nau'ikan bayanai. [10]
Dokar ta kafa cewa ana iya yin buƙatun neman bayanai na jama'a da baki ko a rubuce. [9] Samar da bayanai kyauta ne: doka ta baiwa ƙungiyoyin jama'a damar cajin kuɗi don kwafi; ba za a iya cajin kuɗin da za a iya amfani da shi ga isar da lantarki ba. [9]
Dole ne hukumomin gwamnati su ba da amsa a cikin kwanaki 10 daga ƙaddamar da buƙatar (a ƙarƙashin tsarin shari'a na baya yana da 40). [11] Idan aka ki amincewa da bukatar, mai nema na da hakkin ya daukaka kara zuwa ga Kwamishinan sannan kuma zuwa kotu. [9]
Doka ta kafa keɓancewar haƙƙin bayanai, gami da dalilai na tsaro na ƙasa da dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa da tsakanin gwamnatoci. [9]
Samun damar bayanan jama'a a aikace
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da gyare-gyaren da sabon tsarin shari'a ya gabatar, har yanzu ana jiran ganin tasirin aiwatar da shi. A cewar 'yar jarida Rudina Hoxha, daya daga cikin matsalar ita ce hukumomin biyu da ya kamata su sanya ido a kan yadda ake aiwatar da dokar, ma'ana Kwamishinan Yada Labarai da Kare Bayanai da kuma Ombudsman, a gaskiya suna da hali na ba da shawara kuma duk da cewa bisa ga doka sun kasance. wanda ke da ikon aiwatar da takunkumi, wannan yana faruwa da wuya. [11]
A cewar rahoton na 2016 na Mjaft Movement mai zaman kanta, cibiyoyin jama'a na Albaniya suna bin wajibcinsu na ba da bayanan jama'a a ƙarƙashin buƙatun FOI kawai a cikin 42% na lamuran. Don gwadawa da kuma sanya ido kan yadda ake amfani da sabuwar dokar, kungiyar ta gabatar da bukatu 230 na neman bayanai ga hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban, wadanda suka hada da cibiyoyin tsakiya, na gida, cibiyoyin shari'a da jami'o'in gwamnati. Daga cikin buƙatun 230, amsa 98 kawai aka samu. Kashi 80 ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan amsoshin suka bayyana bayanan da ake buƙata. Sauran 18 sun kasance lokuta na samar da bayanai da ba su cika ba.
Rahoton ya gano cewa kananan hukumomin Albaniya ne suka fi fuskantar matsaloli da cibiyoyi masu rugujewa ta fuskar amfani da dokar ta FOI. Babbar matsalar ta shafi rashin bin wajibcin nada kodineta kan ‘yancin samun bayanai da babban rashin gaskiya kan al’amuran kasafin kudi da na kudi.
Duba sauran bayanai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Samun damar bayanan jama'a a Turai
- 'Yancin bayanai
- Dokokin 'yancin bayanai ta ƙasa
- Fassara ikon mallakar kafofin watsa labarai a Turai
- Media na Albaniya
- Fassara ikon mallakar kafofin watsa labarai a Albaniya
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Freedom of Information, UNESCO. Samfuri:Retrieved
- ↑ name="ECPMF">""A problem is its efficient implementation"". Ecpmf.eu. European Centre for Press and Media Freedom. 12 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ↑ name="OSCE">David Banisar (April 2006). "Comments and Legal Regulations on Access to Information and State Secrets in Albania". OSCE. The Representative on Freedom of the Media. Retrieved 25 January 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ name="BIRN">"Transparency in the Balkans and Moldova" (PDF). Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN). April 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ David Banisar (April 2006). "Comments and Legal Regulations on Access to Information and State Secrets in Albania". OSCE. The Representative on Freedom of the Media. Retrieved 25 January 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help)David Banisar (April 2006). "Comments and Legal Regulations on Access to Information and State Secrets in Albania". OSCE. The Representative on Freedom of the Media. Retrieved 25 January 2017.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ name="IDFI">"New Right to Information Law in Albania". Idfi.ge. Institute for Development of Freedom of Information (IDFI). 7 November 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ↑ "Albania Rights Groups Hail New New FOI Law". BalkanInsight.com. BalkanInsight. 1 October 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ↑ name="BIRN">"Transparency in the Balkans and Moldova" (PDF). Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN). April 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help)"Transparency in the Balkans and Moldova" (PDF). Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN). April 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2017.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 "Transparency in the Balkans and Moldova" (PDF). Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN). April 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help)"Transparency in the Balkans and Moldova" (PDF). Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN). April 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2017.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "BIRN" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 "New Right to Information Law in Albania". Idfi.ge. Institute for Development of Freedom of Information (IDFI). 7 November 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2017."New Right to Information Law in Albania". Idfi.ge. Institute for Development of Freedom of Information (IDFI). 7 November 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 ""A problem is its efficient implementation"". Ecpmf.eu. European Centre for Press and Media Freedom. 12 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.""A problem is its efficient implementation"". Ecpmf.eu. European Centre for Press and Media Freedom. 12 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.