Tarihin Katsina

Mukala mai kyau

Tarihin Katsina
aspect of history (en)
Bayanai
Fuskar	Jahar Katsina
Ƙasa	Najeriya

Tarihin Katsina ya kai sama da shekara dubu. Yana daga cikin Jihohin Hausa Bakwai, wanda aka yi imanin cewa zuriyar Bayajidda ce ta kafa shi bisa ga labari. A cikin tarihinta, Katsina ta kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin sarakuna daban-daban, gami da Wangarawa da Dallazawa, kuma ta kasance mai bin masarautun makwabta kamar Songhai da Bornu .

A mafi girma, Babban birnin Katsina ya kasance sanannen birni a yammacin Sudan, yana jan hankalin malamai daga yankin da ya fi girma, musamman a lokacin faduwar Timbuktu a ƙarni na 17 da 18. Koyaya, a cikin 1903, Katsina ta zo ƙarƙashin Mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1987, an kafa ta a matsayin jihar a cikin Najeriya ta zamani.

Magana

Dangane da al'adar baki, an ce sunan "Katsina" ya samo asali ne daga yarima ta Daura wacce ta auri Janzama, mai mulkin Durbawa na Durbi ta Kusheyi .  : 157  

A cewar H. R. Palmer, kama da sunayen kamar "Masinna" (Machinna) da "Teshinna" (Tachinna), wanda ke nuna ma'anar "inna," wanda aka samo daga kalmar Tamashek don "mahaifiyar," ɓangaren farko na "Katsina" na iya samun tushensa a cikin kalmomi kamar "izze" (Tamashek don "ɗan") da "mazza" (Hausa don "maza"). Wannan na iya nuna ma'ana tare da layin "ya'yan" ko "ya'ya maza na". A madadin haka, yana iya samo asali ne daga "Asheni" (Tamashek don "jinin").

Lokacin kafin Islama

Daular biyu

Durbi Takusheyi alama a taswirar Jihar Katsina

Bisa ga al'adar baki, daular farko da ta yi mulki a kan Katsina ta kafa ta Kumayo, jikan Bayajida mai suna, don haka birnin-jiha ya kasance wani ɓangare na Jihohin Hausa Bakwai. Sarautar Kumayo ta kasance a kusa da Durbi ta Kusheyi (ma'ana "kabari na babban firist"), wani yanki kusa da Mani, kimanin kilomita goma sha takwas kudu maso gabashin birnin Katsina na yanzu. A yau, shugaban gundumar Durbi ta Kusheyi har yanzu yana riƙe da taken Durbi. Ana kiran mazaunan garin na asali da Durbawa . A cikin garin, akwai manyan kaburbura guda bakwai da aka yi imanin cewa suna dauke da ragowar sarakunan farko na Katsina, gami da adadi kamar Kumayo, Ramba-Ramba, da Sanau. :  156–157 :  95 : 89  

Janzama, sarkin Durbawa, ya auri yarima daga Daura kuma daga ƙarshe Kumayo ya mamaye shi. Wani dutse kusa da Mani yana ɗauke da sunansa a matsayin shaida ga muhimmancin tarihi. An zaɓi sarakuna na farko a madadin daga gidaje biyu, tare da zuriyar Janzama da ake kira Larabawa (Larabas), suna nuna alaƙarsu da Bayajidda. : 90 : 90 

Daular Korau

Bisa ga al'adar baki, mai mulki na ƙarshe daga zuriyar Kumayo shine Sanau, wanda aka kashe a tsakiyar karni na 13 a hannun wani mallam (masanin Islama) mai suna Korau, wanda ya fito daga Yandoto (a cikin Chafe na zamani). Daga baya, Korau ya kafa sabuwar daular. : 157  

Gidan Korau (gidan sarauta na Sarkin Katsina)

Korau, wanda sunansa na iya samo asali ne daga "kora," ma'ana 'don fitar da shi,' yana da asali a cikin kokawa kuma abokin kusa ne na Sanau. Kodayake Sanau ma mai kokawa ne, ya sami nasara sosai da kuma karbuwa a matsayin zakara. An fara yada jita-jita cewa karfin kokawa na Sanau an danganta shi da kyawawan kariya da ya sa a wuyansa yayin wasanni. Korau, wanda ya san wannan fa'idar, ya tsara wani shiri don kalubalanci Sanau zuwa wasan kokawa, saboda sarki ('sarki') ya tilasta karɓar irin waɗannan ƙalubalen. Dabarunsa sun shafi kalubalantar Sanau a lokacin wani biki wanda Sanau, a matsayin sarki, ya gayyace shi. Koyaya, kafin halartar taron, Korau ta sami nasarar shawo kan matar Sanau ta sace sha'awar mijinta. :  158 : 90  : 90  

Shigar da fadar a 1959

Gasar ta faru ne kusa da Bawada, Itacen tamarind. A yau, itacen yana tsaye a shafin da Kangiwa ('kan giwa'), kamar yadda ake kiran gidan sarki. A lokacin wasan, Sanau ya yi saurin shiga cikin yakin saboda ba shi da iko ba tare da kyawawan abubuwan da yake da shi ba. Yayinda yake a ƙasa, Korau ya yi sauri, ya jawo takobi kuma ya kashe sarki. Sanau ya rasa ransa, kuma daga baya aka naɗa Korau a matsayin sarkin Katsina ('sarkin Katsina').  : 90 Har ma a yau, Kirari na sarki ('waƙoƙin yabo') ya haɗa da kalmar "Magajin Korau, Mayen Sauri, Yanka Mashidi Bakon Sanau," wanda ke fassara zuwa "mai maye gurbin Korau, mai sihiri na Sauri, baƙon Sanau wanda ya kashe mai masaukin sa," don tunawa da wannan gagarumin canjin abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Katsina. : 158  

Daular Korau an san ta da Wangara, sunan da aka samo daga tarihin Wangara da ke da alaƙa da garinsu na Yandoto. Duk da hanyoyin da Korau ya yi amfani da su don kama kursiyin Katsina, Durbawa, waɗanda ke karɓar ƙarshen cin amanarsa, sun sami damar kula da dangantakar 'abokantaka' da Wangarawa. A zahiri, dangantakarsu ta bayyana ta daidaita har zuwa lokacin da aka sake la'akari da Durbawa a matsayin 'yan takara ga sabbin shugabannin a lokacin zabe. An dauki Durbawa a matsayin wuraren adana dukkan ilimin game da alloli da ruhohi na gida, nagarta ko mugunta. : 95 : 91  : 91  

Lokacin Korau ya kasance a tsakiyar karni na 13, kuma a lokacin mulkinsa, ya yi yaƙi da Kwararafa . Bayan mulkinsa, Ibrahim Yanka Dari ya hau mulki kuma an ce ya kama Kwiambana da Koton Koro. Daga baya, Jida Yaki, wanda ya gaji Ibrahim, an lura da shi a matsayin arna na karshe Sarkin Katsina. Sarautarsa ta kai shekaru arba'in kuma an nuna ta da rikice-rikice da Gobir.

Sarakunan Katsina

Shugabannin Hausa na Katsina a cewar masanin tarihi S J Hogben .

Hausa Sarakuna

Sarki	Sarauta	Bayani
Durbawa da Larabawa (1100-1260)
Kumayo		Jikan Bayajidda da ɗan Baw
Ramba-Ramba
Bata tare
Jarnanata
Sanau		Korau ya kashe shi
Wangarawa
Korau	1260–?
Ibrahim Yanka Dari	?
Jida Yaki	?	Ya yi mulki na shekaru arba'in
Muhammadu Korau	1492/3–1541/2	Sarkin Musulmi na farko
Ibrahim Sura	1541/2–1543/4	Wataƙila daga Mali
Ali Murabus	1543/4–1568/9	'Marabout' ko 'mutum mai tsarki'
Muhammadu Toya Rero	1568/9–1572/3
Aliyu Karya Giwa	1572/3–1585	'Karya Giwa' ma'ana 'Mai kisan giwa'. Hasken rana a cikin mulkinsa
Usman 'Tsagarana'	1585–1589/90	'Ranawar rana'
Aliyu 'Jan Hazo'	1589/90–1595/6	'Red kamar Harmattan'
Muhammadu 'Mai-sa-maza-gudu'	1595/6–1612/3	'mai tsalle-tsalle na mutane zuwa gudu. '
Aliyu 'Jan Hazo' II	1612/3–1614/5
Maje Ibrahim	1614/5–1631/2
Abdulkarim	1631/2–1634/5
Ashafa	1634/5
Ibrahim Gamda	1634/5–1644/5
Muhammad Wari	1644/5–1655/6	Ɗan Abdulkarim
Sulaiman	1655/6–1667/8
Usman Na yi Nawa	1667/8–1684/5	Dan 'Tsagarana'
Muhammadu Toya Rero II	1684/5–1701/2
Muhammadu Wari na II	1701/2–1704/5
Uban Yari	1704/5–1706/7	Har ila yau an san shi da 'wasu' kamar Muhammadu dan Wari
Karya Giwa II	1706/7–1715/6
Jan Hazo na Uku	1715/6–1728/9	Ɗan Muhammadu Wari
Tsagarana Hassan	1728/9–1740/1	Dan Toya Rero
Muhammadu Kabiya	1740/1–1750/1	Dan Usman. Har ila yau ana kiranta 'Mai-kere' ('mai ɗauke da kere')
Tsagarana Yahya	1750/1–1751/2
Karya Giwa III	1751/2–1758/9	Dan Jan Hazo
Muhammadu Wari na Uku	1758/9–1767/8
Karya Giwa na IV	1767/8–1784/5
Agwaragi	1784/5–1801/2
Tsagarana Gwozo	1801/2	An binne shi a Dokau a Gusau (a Zamfara ta zamani)
Bawa dan Gima	1801/2–1804/5
Mare Mawa Mahmudu	1804/5–1805/6	Umaru Dallaji ne ya kashe shi a Sabon Birni
Magajin Halidu	1805/6

Fulani Emirs na Katsina

Dallazawa dynasty
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