Najeriya

tutar Najeia

  

Naijeriya, a hukumance Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Naijeriya, ƙasa ce a yamma Afirka. Tana tsakanin Sahel zuwa arewa da Gulf of Guinea a cikin Tekun Atlantika zuwa kudu. Ya mamaye yanki na kilomita 923,769 (356,669 sq . Tare da yawan jama'a sama da miliyan 236, Ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, kuma ƙasa ta shida mafi yawan jamaʼa a duniya. Naijeriya tana da iyaka da Nijar a arewa, Chadi a arewa maso gabas, Kamaru a gabas, da Benin a yamma. Najeriya jamhuriya ce ta tarayya wacce ta kunshi jihohin 36 da Babban Birnin Tarayya, inda babban birninta, Abuja, yake. Birni mafi girma a Najeriya ta yawan jama'a shine Legas, daya daga cikin manyan birane a duniya kuma mafi girma a Afirka.

Najeriya ta kasance gida ga al'adun kayan gargajiya da yawa, jahohi kafin mulkin mallaka da masarautu tun karni na biyu BC. Al'adun Nok, c. 1500 BC, alama ce ta ɗaya daga cikin sanannun wayewa a yankin.[1] Masarautar Hausa ta kasance a arewa, da Masarautar Edo ta Benin a kudu, da Ibo ta Nri a kudu maso gabas da kuma kudu maso yamma, daular Oyo. Yankin Nijeriya na yanzu ya kasance gida ne da jahohin Birni da dama.[2]: 136  A farkon karni na 19 jihadin Fula ya kare a Daular Sakkwato. Kasar zamani ta samo asali ne da turawan mulkin mallaka a karni na 19, inda ta dauki siffarta a halin yanzu tare da hadewar Kudancin Nigeria Protectorate da Northern Nigeria Protectorate a 1914. Burtaniya ta kafa tsarin mulki da na shari'a tare da hada sarakunan gargajiya a matsayin tsarin mulkin kai tsaye[3]. Najeriya ta zama tarayya mai cin gashin kanta a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Oktoban 1960. Ta fuskanci yakin basasa daga 1967 zuwa 1970, sai kuma gwamnatocin mulkin kama-karya na soji da zababbun gwamnatocin farar hula na dimokuradiyya, har ta kai ga samun ingantacciyar gwamnati a zaben shugaban kasar Najeriya na 1999.

Nigeria is a multinational state inhabited by more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.

Najeriya kasa ce ta kasa da kasa da ke da kabilu sama da 250 da ke magana da harsuna daban-daban 500, dukkansu suna da al'adu iri-iri.[1][2][3] Kabila uku mafi girma su ne Hausawa a arewa, Yarbawa a yamma, da Ibo a gabas, tare da kashi 60% na yawan jama'a.[4] Harshen hukuma shi ne Ingilishi, wanda aka zaɓa don sauƙaƙe haɗin kai na harshe a matakin ƙasa[5]. Kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya ya tabbatar da ‘yancin yin addini,[6] kuma gida ne ga wasu manyan al’ummar Musulmi da Kirista a duniya.[7] An raba Najeriya kusan kashi biyu tsakanin Musulmi, wadanda galibinsu ke zaune a arewacin kasar, da kuma Kiristoci, wadanda galibinsu ke zaune a kudu; Addinai na asali, kamar waɗanda suka fito daga kabilar Ibo da Yarbawa, suna cikin tsiraru.