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Olusegun Obasanjo

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Olusegun Obasanjo
Chairperson of the African Union (en) Fassara

6 ga Yuli, 2004 - 24 ga Janairu, 2006
← Joaquim Chissano (mul) Fassara - Denis Sassou-Nguesso →
shugabani ƙasar Najeriya

29 Mayu 1999 - 29 Mayu 2007
← Abdussalam Abubakar - Umaru Musa Yar'Adua →
Chairperson of ECOWAS (en) Fassara

13 Satumba 1977 - 30 Satumba 1979
← Gnassingbé Eyadema - Léopold Sédar Senghor →
5. shugabani ƙasar Najeriya

13 ga Faburairu, 1976 - 30 Satumba 1979
← Murtala Mohammed - Shehu Shagari →
3. mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Najeriya

29 ga Yuli, 1975 - 13 ga Faburairu, 1976
← Joseph Edet Akinwale Wey - Shehu Musa Yar'Adua →
president (en) Fassara

Rayuwa
Haihuwa Abeokuta, 5 ga Maris, 1937 (89 shekaru)
ƙasa Najeriya
Mazauni Barikin Dodan
Harshen uwa Yarbanci
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Stella Obasanjo
Esther Oluremi Obasanjo
Yara
Karatu
Makaranta Baptist Boys' High School
Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Tsaro (DSSC)
Royal College of Defence Studies (en) Fassara
Mons Officer Cadet School (en) Fassara
Harsuna Turanci
Hausa
Pidgin na Najeriya
Yarbanci
Sana'a
Sana'a injiniya, soja da ɗan siyasa
Kyaututtuka
Aikin soja
Fannin soja Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya
Digiri Janar
Ya faɗaci Yaƙin basasan Najeriya
Operation Tail-Wind (en) Fassara
Congo Crisis (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Protestan bangaskiya
Baptists (en) Fassara
Jam'iyar siyasa Peoples Democratic Party

Chief Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Ogunboye Aremu Obasanjo GCFR [1] ( // ⓘ ; Yoruba yo An haife shi c. 5 ga Maris 1937) ɗan siyasa ne na Najeriya, ɗan siyasa, mai kishin ƙasa, kuma tsohon janar na soja wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sojan Najeriya daga alif 1976 zuwa 1979 sannan daga baya ya zama shugabanta daga a 1999 zuwa 2007. A ra'ayinsa ɗan kishin ƙasa ne na Najeriya, ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) daga alif 1998 zuwa 2015, kuma tun 2018.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

An haife shi a ƙauyen Ibogun-Olaogun, dangin sa manoma na reshen Owu na Yarbawa, Obasanjo ya yi karatu sosai a Abeokuta, Jihar Ogun . Ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Najeriya kuma ya ƙware a fannin injiniyanci kuma ya yi aiki a Kongo, Birtaniya, da Indiya, inda ya kai matsayin Manjo. A ƙarshen shekarun alif 1960, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaƙi da 'yan awaren Biafra a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Najeriya, inda ya karɓi miƙa wuyansu alif 1970. A shekara alif 1975, wani juyin mulki na soja ya kafa gwamnatin soja tare da Obasanjo a matsayin wani ɓangare na mulkinta na nasara. Bayan an kashe shugaban triumvirate, Murtala Muhammed, a al shekara mai zuwa, Majalisar Koli ta Soja [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] ta naɗa Obasanjo a matsayin shugaban ƙasa. Ci gaba da manufofin Murtala, Obasanjo ya kula da rage kasafin kuɗi da faɗaɗa damar samun ilimin makaranta kyauta. Yana ƙara haɗa Najeriya da Amurka, ya kuma jaddada goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin da ke adawa da mulkin tsirarun fararen fata a kudancin Afirka. Bayan da ya kuduri aniyar dawo da dimokuradiyya, Obasanjo ya jagoranci zaben 1979, bayan haka ya mika ragamar mulkin Najeriya ga sabon shugaban farar hula da aka zaba, Shehu Shagari.[24][25][26] Daga nan Obasanjo ya yi ritaya zuwa Ota, Ogun, inda ya zama manomi, ya buga littattafai guda hudu, sannan ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen kasa da kasa don kawo karshen rikice-rikicen Afirka daban-daban.[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]

A shekara alif 1993, Sani Abacha ya kwace mulki a wani juyin mulki na soja. Obasanjo ya fito fili ya soki gwamnatin Abacha kuma a shekarar alif 1995 aka kama shi aka kuma same shi da laifin kasancewa cikin wani juyin mulki da aka shirya, duk da cewa bai aikata laifin da ake zargin sa da shi ba. Yayin da yake tsare, ya zama Kirista mai sake haifuwa, tare da ra'ayin raba iko ya yi tasiri sosai kan ra'ayinsa na duniya. An sake shi bayan mutuwar Abacha a alif 1998. Obasanjo ya shiga siyasar zabe, inda ya zama dan takarar PDP a zaben shugaban kasa na a 1999, wanda ya lashe. A matsayinsa na shugaban kasa, ya cire siyasa daga harkokin soja kuma ya fadada 'yan sanda tare da tattara sojoji don yaki da tashe-tashen hankulan kabilanci, addini, da kuma ballewa. Ya janye sojojin Najeriya daga Sierra Leone kuma ya sayar da kamfanoni daban-daban na gwamnati don takaita basussukan kasar da ke karuwa. An sake zabensa a zaben alif 2003. Saboda ra'ayoyin Pan-Africanism, ya kasance mai goyon bayan kafa kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta daga 2004 zuwa 2006. Yunkurin Obasanjo na canza kundin tsarin mulki don kawar da iyakokin wa'adin shugaban kasa bai yi nasara ba kuma ya jawo suka. Bayan ya yi ritaya, ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin tauhidi daga Jami'ar Buɗaɗɗiyar Ƙasa ta Najeriya.[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]

An bayyana Obasanjo a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane na ƙarni na biyu na shugabannin Afirka bayan mulkin mallaka . Ya sami yabo kan yadda ya jagoranci sauye-sauyen da Najeriya ta yi zuwa ga dimokuradiyya ta wakilci a shekarun alof 1970 da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa a faɗin nahiyar. Masu suka sun dage cewa yana da laifin cin hanci da rashawa, cewa gwamnatocinsa sun kula da take haƙƙin ɗan adam, kuma a matsayinsa na shugaban ƙasa ya fara sha'awar haɗa kai da kuma riƙe ikonsa na kashin kansa. [16][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]

Rayuwa ta farko

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Mahaifin Olusegun Obasanjo Obasanjo Bankole yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen farko da suka fara zama kuma ubannin da suka kafa ƙauyen Igbogun Olaogun a farkon shekarun alif 1920. Duk da cewa manomi ne mai arziki kuma mai sana'ar giyar dabino, ana ɗaukarsa talaka ne saboda ba ya cikin manyan mutane masu ilimi a ƙasar Yarabawa . Bankole ya haɗu da Bernice Ashabi, wani ƙaramin ɗan kasuwa a Igbogun kuma dukansu sun yi aure. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu da suka rage daga cikin shida: Olusegun da Adunni Oluwola, 'yar'uwarsa tilo. [64] A cewar fasfo ɗinsa, an haifi Olusegun Obasanjo a ranar 5 ga Maris 1937 duk da cewa babu wani tarihi na zamani kuma kwanan wata kusan kiyasi ne. [65][66][67]

Olusegun ya fito ne daga Masarautar Owu . An rene shi a matsayin Baptist . Daga baya 'yar'uwarsa ta musulunta domin ta auri wani mutum Musulmi. [65] [68]Yana da shekara goma s ya shiga makarantar firamare ta ƙauyen, [65] kuma bayan shekaru uku, a alif 1951, ya koma Makarantar Ranar Baptist a unguwar Owu ta Abeokuta . [ 11 ] A 1952 ya koma Makarantar Sakandare ta Baptist Boys, [69] shi ma a garin. Kuɗaɗen makarantarsa wani ɓangare ne na tallafin gwamnati. [ 13 ] Obasanjo ya yi kyau a fannin ilimi, [ 14 ] kuma a makaranta ya zama ƙwararren ɗan Scout . [65] Duk da cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa yana da hannu a cikin kowace ƙungiyar siyasa, [65] a makarantar sakandare ne Obasanjo ya ƙi sunan farko na "Matthew" a matsayin wani aikin adawa da mulkin mallaka . [ 16 ]

A halin yanzu, mahaifin Obasanjo ya yi watsi da matarsa da 'ya'yansa biyu. [ 17 ] Bayan da ya faɗa cikin talauci, mahaifiyar Obasanjo ta yi aiki a fannin kasuwanci don ta rayu. [65] Domin biyan kuɗin makarantarsa, Obasanjo ya yi aiki a gonakin koko da kola, ya yi kamun kifi, ya tattara itacen wuta, sannan ya sayar wa masu gini yashi. A lokacin hutun makaranta, ya kuma yi aiki a makarantar, yana sare ciyawa da sauran ayyukan hannu.[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82]

A shekarar a 1956, Obasanjo ya yi jarrabawar makarantar sakandare, bayan ya ranci kuɗi don biyan kuɗin shiga. [65] A wannan shekarar, ya fara soyayya da Oluremi Akinlawon, 'yar Owu ga wani babban jami'in tashar jirgin ƙasa. An yi musu alkawari za su yi aure a shekarar 1958. [65] Bayan ya bar makaranta, ya koma Ibadan, inda ya yi aikin koyarwa. A can, ya zauna don jarrabawar shiga Kwalejin Jami'a ta Ibadan, amma duk da cewa ya ci nasara, ya ga ba zai iya biyan kuɗin makaranta ba. [65] Daga nan Obasanjo ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a matsayin injiniyan farar hula, kuma don samun damar shiga wannan sana'a, a shekarar 1958 ya amsa wani tallan horar da jami'in sojoji a rundunar sojojin Najeriya. [ 21 ] [83]

Farkon aikin soja (1958–1966)

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Horar da sojoji: 1958–1959

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A watan Maris na shekarar 1958, Obasanjo ya shiga rundunar sojin Najeriya. [ 23 ] Ya ga hakan a matsayin wata dama ta ci gaba da karatunsa yayin da yake samun albashi; [84] bai sanar da iyalansa nan take ba, yana tsoron cewa iyayensa za su ƙi amincewa. [65] A wannan lokacin ne aka mayar da rundunar sojin Najeriya zuwa ikon gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Najeriya, a shirye-shiryen samun cikakken 'yancin kai na Najeriya, kuma an yi yunƙurin shigar da ƙarin 'yan asalin Najeriya cikin manyan mukamai na rundunar sojinta. [65] Daga nan aka tura shi zuwa Makarantar Horar da Jami'ai ta Kullum da ke Teshie a Ghana . [ 23 ] Lokacin da aka tura shi aiki a ƙasashen waje, ya aika wa amaryarsa wasiƙu da kyaututtuka a Najeriya. [65] A watan Satumba na shekarar 1958, an zaɓe shi don ƙarin horo na watanni shida a Makarantar Cadet ta Mons Officer da ke Aldershot, kudancin Ingila . Obasanjo bai so hakan a can ba, yana ganin cewa cibiyar ta kasance ta aji da wariyar launin fata, kuma ya ga yana da wahala ya daidaita da yanayin sanyi da danshi na Ingila. [ 26 ] Ya ƙarfafa ra'ayoyinsa marasa kyau game da Daular Burtaniya da kuma 'yancinta na mulkin mallaka a kan mutanen da ta mamaye. [84] A ranar Litinin, ya sami kwamiti da takardar shaidar injiniya. Yayin da Obasanjo yake Ingila, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu. Mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan shekara guda. [65]

A shekarar 1959, Obasanjo ya koma Najeriya. A can, aka tura shi Kaduna a matsayin wani soja mai kula da rundunar sojojin ƙasa tare da Bataliyar Biyar. [65] Lokacin da ya yi a Kaduna shi ne karo na farko da Obasanjo ya zauna a yankin da Musulmai suka fi rinjaye. [65] A lokacin da yake can, a watan Oktoban 1960, Najeriya ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta. [65] [83]

Rikicin Congo: 1960–1961

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Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, an aika da Bataliya ta Biyar zuwa Kongo a matsayin wani ɓangare na rundunar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . A can, an kafa bataliya a Lardin Kivu, tare da hedikwatarsu a Bukavu . [65] A Kongo, Obasanjo da wasu suna da alhakin kare fararen hula, gami da ƙabilar tsiraru ta Belgium, daga sojojin da suka yi tawaye ga gwamnatin Patrice Lumumba . [65] A watan Fabrairun 1961, masu tawaye sun kama Obasanjo yayin da yake kwashe masu wa'azin Katolika na Roman daga wani tasha kusa da Bukavu. Masu tawaye sun yi tunanin kashe shi amma an umarce su da su sake shi. A watan Mayun 1961, Bataliya ta Biyar ta bar Kongo ta koma Najeriya. [65] A lokacin rikicin, an naɗa shi kyaftin na wucin gadi. [84] Daga baya ya lura cewa lokacin da aka yi a Kongo ya ƙarfafa "zafin Pan-African" na bataliyarsa. [65]

Dawowa daga Kongo: 1961–1966

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Da dawowarsa, Obasanjo ya sayi motarsa ta farko, [65] kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti na ɗan lokaci saboda ciwon ciki. [65] Da ya warke, aka mayar da shi zuwa Rundunar Injiniyan Sojoji. [65] A shekarar 1962 aka tura shi aiki a Kwalejin Injiniyan Sojoji ta Royal a Ingila. [ 30 ] A can, ya yi fice kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi kyawun ɗalibi na Commonwealth da aka taɓa samu". [ 31 ] A wannan shekarar, ya biya Akinlawon don tafiya zuwa Landan inda za ta iya shiga wani kwas na horo. [65] Ma'auratan sun yi aure a watan Yunin 1963 a Ofishin Rijistar Kore na Camberwell, suna sanar da iyalansu ne kawai bayan taron. [ 31 ] A wannan shekarar, an ba Obasanjo umarnin komawa Najeriya, kodayake matarsa ta ci gaba da zama a Landan na tsawon shekaru uku don kammala karatunta. [65] Da zarar ya isa Najeriya, Obasanjo ya karɓi ragamar rundunar Injiniyan Field da ke Kaduna. [ 33 ] A cikin aikin soja, Obasanjo ya ci gaba da samun ci gaba a cikin manyan mukamai, inda ya zama babban jami'i a shekarar 1965. [65] Ya yi amfani da kudin shigarsa wajen sayen filaye, a farkon shekarun 1960 yana samun kadarori a Ibadan, Kaduna, da Legas . [65] A shekarar 1965, an tura Obasanjo zuwa Indiya. A kan hanyarsa, ya ziyarci matarsa a Landan. A Indiya, ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Tsaro da ke Wellington sannan ya yi karatu a Makarantar Injiniya da ke Poona . [65] Obasanjo ya yi mamakin yunwar da ya gani a Indiya duk da cewa ya nuna sha'awar al'adun kasar, wani abu da ya karfafa masa gwiwa ya karanta littattafai kan addini mai kama da juna . [65]

Yaƙin Basasa na Najeriya

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Aikin kafin Yaƙin Basasa: 1966–1967

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Obasanjo ya koma Najeriya a watan Janairun 1966 domin ya gano kasar tana tsakiyar juyin mulkin soja wanda Manjo Emmanuel Ifeajuna ya jagoranta. [65] Obasanjo yana cikin wadanda suka yi gargadin cewa lamarin na iya rikidewa zuwa yakin basasa. [65] Ya bayar da shawarar yin aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani tsakanin masu shirya juyin mulkin da gwamnatin farar hula, wacce ta mika mulki ga Babban Kwamandan Soja Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi . [65] Yayin da juyin mulkin ya gaza, Olusegun ya hadu da Ironsi a Legas. Ba da daɗewa ba Ironsi ya kawo karshen tsarin tarayya a Najeriya ta hanyar dokar hadin kan kasa a watan Mayun 1966, wani abu da ya tayar da rikicin kabilanci. [65] A ƙarshen watan Yuli, an sake yin juyin mulki na biyu . A Ibadan, sojoji 'yan asalin arewacin Najeriya sun yi tawaye suka kashe Ironsi, sannan suka kashe sojoji kusan ɗari biyu galibi daga Kudancin Najeriya. Janar Yakubu Gowon ya karbi mulki. [65]

A lokacin da ake wannan juyin mulki, Obasanjo yana Maiduguri . Jin labarin, sai ya koma Kaduna da sauri. A can, ya gano cewa sojojin arewa daga Bataliya ta Uku suna tattara sojoji, suna azabtar da su, da kuma kashe su. [65] Gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya, Hassan Katsina, ya fahimci cewa duk da cewa Olusegun ba Igbo ba ne, a matsayinsa na ɗan kudu, har yanzu yana cikin haɗari daga sojojin da suka yi tawaye. Domin kare su, Katsina ta mayar da Olusegun da matarsa Maiduguri na tsawon kwanaki goma, yayin da tashin hankalin ya ragu. Bayan haka, Obasanjo ya aika matarsa zuwa Legas yayin da yake komawa Kaduna da kansa, inda ya zauna har zuwa Janairu 1967. A wannan lokacin shi ne babban jami'in Yarabawa mafi girma a arewa. [65]

A watan Janairunali 1967, an tura Obasanjo aiki zuwa Legas a matsayin Babban Injiniyan Sojoji. [ 40 ] Tashin hankali tsakanin kabilun Igbo da na arewa ya ci gaba da karuwa, kuma a watan Mayu jami'in soja na Igbo C. Odumegwu Ojukwu ya ayyana 'yancin kai ga yankunan da Igbo ke da rinjaye a kudu maso gabas, inda ya kafa Jamhuriyar Biafra . [ 41 ] A ranar 3 ga Yuli, gwamnatin Najeriya ta tura Obasanjo zuwa Ibadan don yin aiki a matsayin kwamandan Jihar Yamma . [ 42 ] Fadan da ya barke tsakanin Sojojin Najeriya da 'yan awaren Biafra ya barke a ranar 6 ga Yuli. [65] A ranar 9 ga Yuli, Ojukwu ta aika da rundunar sojojin Biafra a kan gadar Niger a wani yunƙuri na kwace yankin Mid-West, wani wuri da za ta iya kai hari a Lagos. Obasanjo ya nemi toshe hanyoyin da ke kaiwa birnin. Kwamandan Yarbawa Victor Banjo, wanda ke jagorantar rundunar hare-haren Biafra, ya yi ƙoƙarin shawo kan Obasanjo ya bar su su wuce, amma ya ƙi. [65]

Umarnin Yaƙin Basasa: 1967–1970

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"Kanar Olu Obasanjo, Kwamanda, sashe na 3". Sabuwar Jaridar Najeriya, shafi na 7, 12 Janairu 1970. Ƙarshen yaƙin basasar Najeriya da Biafra.

Daga nan aka naɗa Obasanjo a matsayin kwamandan baya na Rukunin Biyu na Murtala Muhammed, wanda ke aiki a Tsakiyar Yamma. Obasanjo da ke zaune a Ibadan ne ke da alhakin tabbatar da cewa an samar da kayayyaki ga Rukunin Biyu. [65] A cikin birnin, Obasanjo ya koyar da wani kwas a fannin kimiyyar soja a Jami'ar Ibadan kuma ya gina abokan hulɗarsa a cikin manyan Yarabawa. A lokacin yaƙin, an sami tashin hankali a cikin jama'a a Jihar Yamma, kuma don guje wa alhakin waɗannan batutuwa, Obasanjo ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Yamma. [65] Yayin da Obasanjo yake nesa da Ibadan a watan Nuwamba na 1968, mazauna ƙauyen da ƙungiyar manoma ta Agbekoya ta tattara makamai sun kai hari kan zauren birnin Ibadan. Sojoji sun yi ramuwar gayya, inda suka kashe goma daga cikin masu tayar da zaune tsaye. Lokacin da Obasanjo ya dawo, ya ba da umarnin a gudanar da bincike kan abubuwan da suka faru. [65]

Gowon ya yanke shawarar maye gurbin Kanar Benjamin Adekunle, wanda ke jagorantar harin Biafra, amma yana buƙatar wani babban Ba’arabiye. Ya zaɓi Obasanjo, duk da rashin ƙwarewar yaƙi na baya. [65] Obasanjo ya isa Port Harcourt don ɗaukar sabon matsayin a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1969; yanzu yana kula da sojoji tsakanin 35,000 zuwa 40,000. Ya shafe makonni shida na farko yana yaƙi da harin Biafra a Aba . [65] Ya zagaya kowane ɓangare na fagen daga, kuma ya ji rauni yayin da yake yin hakan. Waɗannan ayyukan sun sa ya sami suna na jarumtaka a tsakanin sojojinsa. [83] A watan Disamba, Obasanjo ya ƙaddamar da Operation Finishing Touch, yana ba da umarnin sojojinsa su ci gaba zuwa Umuahia, wanda suka yi a ranar Kirsimeti . Wannan ya rage Biafra gida biyu. A ranar 7 ga Janairu 1970, sai ya ƙaddamar da Operation Tail-Wind, inda ya kama filin jirgin saman Uli a ranar 12 ga Janairu. A wannan lokacin, shugabannin Biafra sun amince su miƙa wuya. [65]

A ranar 13 ga Janairu, Obasanjo ya gana da kwamandan sojojin Biafra Philip Effiong . [65] Obasanjo ya dage cewa sojojin Biafra su mika makamansu kuma wasu daga cikin shugabannin jihar da ta balle suka tafi Legas suka mika wuya ga Gowon a hukumance. [65] Washegari, Obasanjo ya yi magana a rediyon yankin, yana kira ga 'yan kasa da su zauna a gidajensu kuma su tabbatar da tsaronsu. [65] Yawancin 'yan Biafra da kafofin watsa labarai na kasashen waje sun ji tsoron cewa Sojojin Najeriya za su aikata munanan ayyuka a kan mutanen da aka kayar, kodayake Obasanjo yana son hana hakan. Ya umarci sojojinsa da ke yankin da su ci gaba da zama a cikin barikokinsu, yana mai cewa 'yan sandan yankin ya kamata su dauki alhakin bin doka da oda. [65] Rundunar Soja ta Uku, wacce ta fi zama a ware, ta kai hare-haren ramuwar gayya kan mutanen yankin. Obasanjo ya yi tsauri kan wadanda suka aikata laifin satar mutane, sannan ya harbi wadanda suka aikata laifin fyade. [65] Gwamnatin Gowon ta sa Obasanjo ya dauki alhakin sake hada Biafra cikin Najeriya, wanda a wannan matsayi ya sami girmamawa saboda jaddada girman kai. [65] A matsayinsa na injiniya, ya jaddada dawo da samar da ruwa; zuwa watan Mayu na 1970 dukkan manyan garuruwan yankin sun sake hadewa da samar da ruwa. [65] Matsayin Obasanjo wajen kawo karshen yakin ya sanya shi gwarzon yaki kuma sanannen mutum a kasa baki daya a Najeriya. [84]

Aikin bayan Yaƙin Basasa: 1970–1975

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A watan Yunin 1970, Obasanjo ya koma Abeokuta, inda jama'a suka tarbe shi a matsayin gwarzon da ya dawo. [65] Daga nan aka tura shi Legas a matsayin Birgediya Janar na jagorantar Rundunar Injiniyoyi. [65] A watan Oktoba, Gowon ya sanar da cewa gwamnatin soja za ta mika iko ga gwamnatin farar hula a shekarar 1976. A halin yanzu, haramcin jam'iyyun siyasa ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin rundunar sojoji; Gowon bai yi wani ci gaba ba wajen kafa gwamnatin farar hula. [65] A karkashin gwamnatin soja, Obasanjo ya zauna a kwamitin sallamar sojoji wanda ya ba da shawarar rage yawan sojoji a rundunar sojojin Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1970. [65] A shekarar 1974 Obasanjo ya tafi Burtaniya don yin kwas a Kwalejin Tsaro ta Royal . [ 57 ] Da dawowarsa, a watan Janairun 1975, Gowon ya nada shi Kwamishinan Ayyuka da Gidaje, mukamin da ya rike na tsawon watanni bakwai, wanda a lokacin yake da alhakin gina barikin soja. [ 58 ]

A shekarar 1970, Obasanjo ya sayi wani tsohon kamfani a Ibadan, inda ya ɗauki wani wakili don ya kula da shi. [65] A shekarar 1973 ya yi rijistar wani kasuwanci, Temperance Enterprises Limited, wanda ta hanyarsa zai iya fara harkokin kasuwanci bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja. [65] Ya kuma ci gaba da saka hannun jari a kadarori; zuwa 1974 ya mallaki gidaje biyu a Legas da kuma ɗaya a Ibadan da Abeokuta. [65] An yi ta rade-radin cewa Obasanjo ya shiga cikin cin hanci da rashawa da ke ƙara yaɗuwa a Najeriya, kodayake babu wata shaida mai ƙarfi game da hakan da ta bayyana. [65] Aurensa da Oluremi ya yi tsami yayin da ta ƙi dangantakarsa da wasu mata. A tsakiyar shekarun 1970 aka wargaza aurensu. [ 60 ] A shekarar 1976 ya auri Stella Abebe a wani bikin gargajiya na Yarbawa. [65]

A gwamnatin Murtala

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Juyin mulkin 1975 da kuma bayansa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Yulin 1975, juyin mulki karkashin jagorancin Shehu Musa Yar'Adua da Joseph Garba sun kori Gowon, [ 62 ] wanda ya gudu zuwa Birtaniya. [1] Ba su sanar da Obasanjo shirinsu ba domin an san shi da sukar juyin mulki a matsayin kayan aikin sauya gwamnati. [1] Masu shirya juyin mulkin suna son maye gurbin mulkin kama-karya na Gowon da wani rukunin sojoji uku wadanda Majalisar Soja za ta iya kin amincewa da shawarwarinsu. Saboda wannan nasarar, sun shawo kan Janar Murtala Muhammed ya zama shugaban kasa, inda Obasanjo ya zama na biyu a shugabancinsa, da Danjuma a matsayin na uku. [ 65 ] Masanin tarihi John Iliffe ya lura cewa daga cikin wadanda suka yi nasara, Obasanjo shine "dokin aiki da kwakwalwa" kuma shine mafi sha'awar komawa mulkin farar hula. [1] Tare, rundunar sojojin ƙasa ta gabatar da matakan tsuke bakin aljihu don dakile hauhawar farashin kaya, ta kafa Ofishin Bincike na Ayyukan Cin Hanci da Rashawa, ta maye gurbin dukkan gwamnonin soja da sabbin jami'ai waɗanda suka kai rahoto kai tsaye ga Obasanjo a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikata, sannan ta ƙaddamar da "Operation Deadwood" inda ta hanyarsu suka kori jami'ai 11,000 daga ma'aikatan gwamnati. [1]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Statement by Obasanjo to the United Nations" (PDF). Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  2. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 8.
  3. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 8; Adeolu 2017, p. 4.
  4. ↑ Olusegun Obasanjo | president of Nigeria | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  5. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 9; Derfler 2011, pp. 72–73; Adeolu 2017, p. 5.
  6. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 9; Derfler 2011, pp. 72–73.
  7. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 9.
  8. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 16; Derfler 2011, p. 74.
  9. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 16–17.
  10. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 17; Derfler 2011, p. 74
  11. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 29.
  12. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 29–30.
  13. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 30.
  14. ↑ Derfler 2011, p. 78.
  15. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 45, 48.
  16. 1 2 "Olusegun Obasanjo | president of Nigeria | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 22 February 2022. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content.
  17. ↑ Olusegun Obasanjo | InterAction Council". www.interactioncouncil.org. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  18. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 12; Derfler 2011, p. 73.
  19. ↑ Derfler 2011, p. 73.
  20. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 23; Derfler 2011, p. 76.
  21. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 24; Derfler 2011, p. 76.
  22. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 41.
  23. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 42; Derfler 2011, p. 79
  24. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 12.
  25. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 12–13; Derfler 2011, p. 73
  26. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 13.
  27. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 7; Derfler 2011, p. 72
  28. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 9; Derfler 2011, p. 72; Adeolu 2017, p. 5.
  29. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 9; Derfler 2011, p. 73; Adeolu 2017, p. 5.
  30. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 10
  31. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 16.
  32. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 10; Derfler 2011, p. 73.
  33. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 14
  34. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 15.
  35. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 16; Derfler 2011, pp. 73–74.
  36. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 25; Derfler 2011, p. 76.
  37. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 40.
  38. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 45.
  39. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 49, 56
  40. ↑ Adegbite, Charles Segun (16 December 2017). "At 80years, Obasanjo bags Ph.D in Theology". Successful People's World (in Turanci). Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  41. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 39
  42. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 17.
  43. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 20.
  44. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 26.
  45. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 24.
  46. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 26–27.
  47. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 27–28.
  48. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 28.
  49. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 31.
  50. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 31–32.
  51. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 42; Derfler 2011, p. 80.
  52. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 42
  53. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 40; Derfler 2011, p. 79.
  54. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 42–43; Derfler 2011, p. 81.
  55. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 45; Derfler 2011, p. 82.
  56. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 45, 48; Derfler 2011, p. 83.
  57. ↑ "Olusegun Obasanjo | Biography, Age, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). 23 January 2025. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  58. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 21.
  59. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 21–22.
  60. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 22.
  61. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 25–26.
  62. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 41–42.
  63. ↑ Derfler 2011, p. 82.
  64. ↑ Adeolu 2017.
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Iliffe 2011.
  66. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 43.
  67. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 43; Derfler 2011, p. 81.
  68. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 44.
  69. ↑ "Olusegun Obasanjo | president of Nigeria | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  70. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 48; Derfler 2011, p. 83
  71. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 48.
  72. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 46; Derfler 2011, p. 83.
  73. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 47.
  74. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 46–47; Derfler 2011, p. 94.
  75. ↑ Derfler 2011, p. 94.
  76. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 48; Derfler 2011, pp. 84–85.
  77. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 49.
  78. ↑ Iliffe 2011, pp. 48–49; Derfler 2011, p. 85
  79. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 56.
  80. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 51
  81. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 50.
  82. ↑ Iliffe 2011, p. 50; Derfler 2011, p. 85.
  83. 1 2 3 "Olusegun Obasanjo | InterAction Council". www.interactioncouncil.org. Retrieved 1 February 2025. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content.
  84. 1 2 3 4 Derfler 2011.
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