Najeriya (/naˈdʒɪəriyə/) ko Nijeriya (/niˈdʒɪəriyə/) da (turanci: Nigeria), A gwamnatance Tarayyar Najeriya, kasa ce da ke a Afirka ta Yamma, tana da iyaka da kasar, Nijar daga Arewa, Chadi daga Arewa maso gabas, Kamaru daga gabas, Benin daga Yamma, sai daga Kudanci kuma tana a gabar Tekun Atlantika. Jamhuriyar tarayyar Najeriya, ta kunshi jihohi guda 36, tare da babban birnin tarayya (Federal Capital Territory) Abuja inda fadar shugaban kasar take.
Abuja tana daya daga cikin manyan birane a duniya.[1]
Shopping District
Najeriya ta kasance gida da dama ga 'yan asalin Turawa masu mulkin mallaka, jihohin da suka mallaka tunda (BC), tare da Nok Wayewa ta kasance ita ce karo na farko da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara mallakewa a Yammacin Africa a cikin ƙarni na 15 A zamani jihar an samo asali da Birtaniya a cikin ƙarni na 19, yana ɗaukar yanayin na yanzu tare da haɗe yankin Kudancin Najeriya da kuma Kare Arewacin Najeriya a cikin shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da goma sha hudu (1914) ta Lord Lugard. Ingilishi ya kafa tsarin gudanarwa da na doka yayin aiwatar da mulkin kai tsaye ta hanyar shugabannin gargajiya.[2] Najeriya ta zama ƙasar tarayyar da ke da ƴanci kai tsaye a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, shekarata alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin (1960). Ta fuskanci yaƙin basasa daga shekara ta alif 1967 zuwa shekara ta alif 1970, sannan a biyo bayan zaɓaɓɓun gwamnatocin farar hula da mulkin kama-karya na soja, har sai an sami tabbatacciyar dimokuradiyya a shekara ta alif 1999; zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekara ta 2015, shi ne karo na farko da shugaban ƙasa mai ci ya faɗi zaɓensa. [3]
Najeriya ƙasa ce mai yawan Al’umma da ke zaune, sama da ƙabilu guda Dari biyu da hamsin (250), waɗanda ke magana da yarurruka daban daban guda 500, dukkansu suna ɗauke da al'adu iri daban daban. [4][5][6] Manyan ƙabilun guda uku su ne Hausa – Fulani a Arewa, Yarbawa a Yamma, da kuma Igbo a gabas, waɗanda suka haɗa da kashi 60% na yawan mutanen. [7] Yaren hukuma shi ne Ingilishi, wanda aka zaɓa don sauƙaƙe haɗin harshe a matakin ƙasa. [8] Tsarin mulkin Nijeriya ya tabbatar da ƴancin yin addini ; [9] kuma ƙasa ce dake ɗauke da Al’ummar musulmai da Kirista, a lokaci guda. [10] Najeriya ta kasu kashi biyu tsakanin musulmai, waɗanda galibi ke zaune a arewacin ƙasar, da kuma kiristoci, waɗanda galibi ke zaune a kudancin ƙasar, tare da ƴan tsirarun da ke yin addinin asali, kamar waɗanda ke cikin ƙabilar Igbo da kuma yarbawa.[11]
Bola Tinubu shugaban kasar na yanzu
Najeriya ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan mutane a Afirka, kuma ƙasa ta bakwai mafi yawan mutane a Duniya, tare da kimanin mutane miliyan 206. Tattalin arziƙinta shine mafi girma a Afirka, kuma shi ne na 26 mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar GDP maras faɗi, kuma na 25 mafi girma daga PPP. Najeriya galibi ana kiranta da "Giant of Africa", ma'ana ƙarfin Afrika saboda yawan jama'a da tattalin arziƙinta, [12]kuma Bankin Duniya yana ɗaukarta a matsayin kasuwa mai tasowa. Ƙaramar yanki ce a cikin Afirka, matsakaiciyar ƙarfi a cikin al'amuran ƙasa da ƙasa, sannan kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi yawan Al’umma a duniya. Koyaya, ƙasar tana ƙasa sosai a cikin jerin ƙasashen duniya, kuma har yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu rashawa a duniya. [13][14] Najeriya memba ce ta kafuwar Tarayyar Afirka, kuma memba ce a ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Yammacin Africa (ECOWAS), kungiyar ƙasashe masu arzikin man fetur, (OPEC), kuma memba na yau da kullum a gamayyar MINT, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin Ƙasashe goma sha ɗaya masu tashen ƙaruwan tattalin arziƙi wato "Next Eleven".
Sunan Nijeriya an ɗauke shi daga Kogin Neja wanda ya ratsa ƙasar. Wannan sunan ya samo asali ne a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta1897, ɗan jaridar Ingila Flora Shaw, wanda daga baya ya auri Lord Lugard, mai kula da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Nijar da ke maƙwabtaka da ita sun samo sunan daga wannan kogin. Asalin sunan Nijar, wanda asali ana amfani da shi ne kawai zuwa tsakiyar Kogin Neja, ba tabbas. Wataƙila kalmar ta canza sunan Tuaregegerew n-iger ewen da mazauna ke amfani da shi a tsakiyar kogin da ke kusa da Timbuktu kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai na ƙarni na 19. <ref>The Arabic name nahr al-anhur is a direct translation of the Tuareg.
Tarihi ya nuna cewar Nijeriya daɗaɗɗar ƙasa ce, kuma tarihi yanuna kasar na nan tun a shekara ta 500 kafin haihuwar Yesu Almasihu wato Annabi Isah (A.S), a wannan lokaci suka samata suna Ƙasar Hausa, addinin musulunci ya shiga Kasar Hausa ne tun karni na goma sha uku miladiya, akarshen karni na goma sha daya zuwa tsakiyar karni na goma sha hudu miladiya, kanim barno suka mamaye Kasar Hausa, kuma fulani sun mamaye kasar Hausa a farkon karni na goma sha tara miladiya har zuwan turawan mulkin malaka suka mamaye Lagos a shekara ta 1881 miladiya, ana cikin Yakin duniya I na farko sai turawan mulkin mallaka suka karo sojojin ruwa saboda suna tsoran jamusawa da ke kamaru kada sumamaye Nijeriya, amma mulkin Nijeriya na farko a hannun turawan Purtgal. A shekara ta 1885 sai turawan Birtaniya suka mamaye duk fadin Nijeria har zuwa 01 ga oktoba 1960 Nijeriya ta samu 'yancin kanta daga turawan Biritaniya.
A shekara ta 1966 zuwa shekara ta 1979 sojoji ne ke da ikon akan kasar, a shekara ta 1979 akayi tsari wanda yabawa talakawa ikon zaben gwamna. A shekara ta 1983 sojoji suka rushe wannan tsarin da juyin mulki har zuwa shekara ta 1998 bayan rasuwar Sani Abacha, sai aka maido da tsarin mulki na dimokaraɗiya aka bawa talakawa ikon zaɓen shugaban da suke so, a shekara ta 1999 aka yi zaɓe a ƙasa Obasanjo ya lashe zaɓe yazama shugaban ƙasa na farko wanda talaka suka zaɓa ya hau karo na biyu har zuwa shekara ta 2007, a wannan shekara aka yi zaɓe, Umaru Yar'Adua ya lashe shine shugaban kasa a 2011. Dukkan su sun fito daga jam'iyya dayane (wato jam'iyyar PDP).
Yarabawa sun kasance na biyu a wanda suka fi kowa yawa a cikin kasar Najeriya, suna zaune a garuruwa irin su, LegasOndo, Oyo, Osun, Kwara da kuma Kogi.
Taaran yarbawa a wani yanki a kasar yoroba, sun sanya irin na kayan su na yarbawa.
Sauran yaruka sun hada da: Fulani, Ibibio, Kanuri, Tiv, Bura, Shuwa Arab, Marghi, Kare kare, Ɓachama, Mandara, Higgi, Kilba, Kibaku, Mafa, Glavda, Jukun, Waha, Gamargu, Igala, Nufe, Idoma, Ibibio, Efik, Anang, Ekoi, Awak, Waja, Waka
Najeriya
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