Tarihin kiɗa

 

tarihin kiɗa
aspect of history (en)
Bayanai
Bangare na	musicology (en) da music history (en)
Facet of (en)	kiɗa
Karatun ta	music history (en)

Alamar Stonewall Stout, Tarihin Kiɗa

Klassische Gitarre und ihre Vorläufer - Vihuela, Barockgitarre Romantische Gitarre

Gidan Tarihi na Music na Budapest

Ko da yake ma'anar kiɗan ya bambanta sosai a duk faɗin duniya, kowane sanannen al'ada yana shiga cikinsa, don haka ana ɗaukarsa al'ada ce ta duniya. Asalin kiɗan ya kasance mai cike da cece-kuce; masu sharhi sukan danganta shi da asalin harshe, tare da sabani da yawa game da ko kiɗa ya taso kafin, bayan ko lokaci guda tare da harshe. Masana da yawa daga fannoni daban-daban sun gabatar da ra'ayoyi da yawa, kodayake babu wanda ya sami cikakkiyar yarda. Yawancin al'adu suna da nasu tushen tatsuniyoyi game da ƙirƙirar kiɗa, gabaɗaya sun samo asali ne a cikin tatsuniyoyi, addini ko akidar falsafa.

Kiɗa na al'adun tarihi na farko an kafa su har zuwa c. 40,000 BP na Upper Paleolithic ta hanyar shaida na sarewa kodayake har yanzu ba a sani ba ko ainihin asalin ya ta'allaka ne a farkon lokacin Paleolithic na Tsakiya (300,000 zuwa 50,000) BP). Ba a san ɗan sani game da kiɗan da aka rigaya ba, tare da alamun da aka iyakance ga wasu sassaukan sarewa da kayan kaɗe-kaɗe. Duk da haka, irin waɗannan shaidu sun nuna cewa kiɗa ya kasance a cikin al'ummomin zamanin da kamar daular Xia da kuma wayewar Indus Valley. Bayan haɓakar rubuce-rubuce, kiɗan wayewar wayewa—ancient music—ya kasance a cikin manyan al'ummomin Sinawa, Masarawa, Girka, Indiyawa, Farisa, Mesopotamiya, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Yana da wuya a yi jita-jita da yawa game da tsohuwar kiɗan gabaɗaya, amma daga abin da aka sani galibi ana nuna shi ta monophony da haɓakawa. A cikin tsoffin waƙoƙin waƙa, rubutun sun yi daidai da kiɗan, kuma kodayake mafi kyawun rubutun kiɗan ya rayu daga wannan lokacin, yawancin matani suna rayuwa ba tare da kiɗan da suke tare da su ba, kamar Rigveda da <i id="mwJQ">Shijing</i> Classic of Poetry. Fitowar hanyar siliki ta ƙarshe da haɓaka hulɗa tsakanin al'adu ya haifar da watsawa da musayar ra'ayoyin kiɗa, ayyuka, da kayan kida. Irin wannan mu'amala ta sa kidan daular Tang ta yi tasiri sosai a al'adun Asiya ta Tsakiya, yayin da kidan daular Tang, gagaku na Japan da kidan kotunan Koriya suka yi tasiri a kan juna.

Kiɗa kenan

A tarihi, addinai sau da yawa sun kasance masu yin kida. Vedas na addinin Hindu sun yi tasiri sosai ga kiɗan gargajiya na Indiya, kuma al'adun gargajiya biyar na Confucianism sun kafa tushe na kiɗan Sinawa na gaba. Bayan yaduwar Musulunci cikin sauri a karni na 6, wakokin Musulunci sun mamaye Farisa da kasashen Larabawa, kuma zamanin Golden Age na Musulunci ya ga kasancewar manyan masana ilimin kida da yawa. Kiɗa da aka rubuta don kuma ta Ikilisiyar Kirista ta farko tana buɗe al'adar kiɗan gargajiya ta Yamma yadda ya kamata, wanda ke ci gaba zuwa kiɗan daɗaɗɗen kiɗan da aka yi amfani da shi, bayanin ma'aikata da nau'ikan kayan kida na zamani da yawa sun haɓaka. Baya ga addini ko rashinsa, wakokin al’umma suna da tasiri ga duk wasu al’amuran al’adunta, wadanda suka hada da tsarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da gogewa, yanayi da samun fasahar kere-kere. Al'adu da yawa sun haɗa kiɗa da sauran nau'ikan fasaha, kamar fasahar fasaha huɗu ta Sinawa da quadrivium na tsakiya. Hannun motsin rai da ra'ayoyin da waƙa ke bayyanawa, yanayin da ake kunna kiɗa da saurare, da kuma halayen makaɗa da mawaƙa duk sun bambanta tsakanin yankuna da lokuta. Al'adu da yawa suna da ko suna ci gaba da bambanta tsakanin kiɗan fasaha (ko 'waƙar gargajiya'), kiɗan jama'a, da shahararriyar kiɗa.