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Tasirin sare daji a kan zezayar ƙasa a Najeriya

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Tasirin sare daji a kan zezayar ƙasa a Najeriya
soil erosion (en) Fassara
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Ƙasa Najeriya
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 6°27′10″N 7°30′37″E / 6.4527°N 7.5103°E / 6.4527; 7.5103


Lacanja ƙonewa

Ana iya cewa sare daji a Najeriya shine tsarin sare bishiyoyi ko share gandun daji don noma, kasuwanci, zama, ko dalilai na masana'antu.[1] A Najeriya, ya zama muhimmiyar damuwa game da muhalli yayin da yake da mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin halittu, gami da rushewar ƙasa.[2][3]

Rugujewar ƙasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Rushewar ƙasa shine tsari wanda ake fitar da ƙwayoyin ƙasa kuma ana jigilar su daga wuri ɗaya zuwa wani, suna barin ƙasa mai zurfi da ke fuskantar kuma yana da rauni ga ƙarin rushewa.[4] Rushewar ƙasa sakamakon ƙarfin jiki ne, kamar ruwa da iska, sannu a hankali suna lalata ƙasa a cikin filin.[5] Wannan tsari na iya zama mai jinkiri kuma ba a bayyana ba ko kuma ya faru da sauri, wanda ke haifar da asarar ƙasa mai mahimmanci.[5] Baya ga rushewar ƙasa, akwai wasu matsalolin lalacewar ƙasa masu tsanani, gami da tarwatsa ƙasa, rage kwayoyin halitta, asarar tsarin ƙasa, rashin isasshen ruwa na ciki, salinization, da matsalolin acidity na ƙasa.[5] Rushewar ƙasa, tare da sakamakonsa ga bil'adama, ya gabatar da ƙalubale mai ban tsoro wanda ke jefa mutane da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na kewaye da su cikin haɗari. Magana da rage tasirin wannan sabon abu yana buƙatar mataki nan take, da sauri, da kuma matsa lamba don shirya hanya don ci gaba mai ɗorewa.[6]

Tasirin sare daji a kan rushewar ƙasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kashe daji yana da tasiri da yawa akan rushewar ƙasa, gami da:

  • Rashin shuke-shuke: Lokacin da aka sare bishiyoyi, shuke- shuke-huke da ke kare ƙasa daga ambaliyar iska, da sauran dakarun rushewa sun ɓace.[7] Wannan yana fallasa ƙasa ga abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi kuma yana sa ya fi sa ya zama mai saukin lalacewa.[8]
  • Rage kwayoyin halitta na ƙasa: Itace da sauran ciyayi suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da aka cire waɗannan tsire-tsire, abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa suna raguwa, suna sa ya zama ƙasa da iya riƙe ruwa kuma yana da saukin lalacewa.[9] Yana da wahala a haɓaka ko kiyaye matakan ayyukan halittu da kwayoyin ƙasa lokacin da aikin ɗan adam yake. Yana buƙatar aiki mai daidaituwa don kula da kwayoyin halitta na ƙasa, gami da juyawa na amfanin gona da dawowar albarkatun kwayoyin. Saboda saurin lalacewa, ƙasa mai iska da zafi, yanayin zafi yana gabatar da ƙalubale na musamman. A cikin yanayin sanyi da na rigar, ƙasa mai kyau na iya ci gaba da matakan kwayoyin halitta tare da raguwa kaɗan. Kashewa da ƙonewa misalai ne na dabarun gudanarwa waɗanda zasu iya cutar da kwayoyin ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da rushewa da asarar kwayoyin halitta.[10]
  • Ƙarin runoff: Rashin gandun daji yana haifar da karuwa a cikin runoff, saboda ruwa ba ya shanyewa da ciyayi kuma a maimakon haka yana gudana daga farfajiyar ƙasa.[11] Wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin rushewar ruwa kuma yana iya haifar da samar da gullies da sauran fasalulluka masu rushewa.
  • Ƙuntata ƙasa: Kashe daji na iya haifar da ƙuntata ƙasa, kamar yadda ake amfani da kayan aiki masu nauyi don share ƙasar.[12] Ƙasa mai ƙuntataccen ƙasa ba ta da ikon shan ruwa kuma tana da saukin lalacewa. Compaction na ƙasa wani muhimmin fasalin gini ne saboda yana rage sararin iska tsakanin ƙwayoyin ƙasa, yana ƙuntata ƙasa. Saboda wannan, ƙasa ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta kuma tana da nauyin ma'auni mafi girma, wanda ya zama dole don dandalin aiki mai ƙarfi. Don inganta yawan ƙasa da ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya, ana amfani da kayan aiki masu ƙuntatawa kamar rammers, rollers na pneumatic, padfoot da tamping foot rollers, da smooth rollers.[13] Duk da yake ƙafafun ƙafa da ƙafafun ƙafafun ƙafa suna rushe alaƙar halitta tsakanin barbashi don mafi girma, rollers masu santsi suna amfani da matsin lamba, girgizar ƙasa, da tasiri ga ƙasa mai ƙuntata. Duk da yake rammers suna da nauyi kuma ana iya ɗaukar su don sarari mai tsayi, rollers na pneumatic suna amfani da tayoyin roba masu tsayi tare da matsin iska mai canzawa don ƙananan ayyukan ƙaramin ƙasa.[13] Dangane da irin ƙasa da aka tarwatsa, dole ne a yi amfani da kayan aikin da suka dace. Duk da yake ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ne kuma mai haɗin kai, ƙasa mai ƙwayoyin halitta ba ta dace da tarwatsawa ko gini ba. Wani muhimmin abu a cikin tantance matakin ƙarshe na compaction shine zaɓin kayan aiki don wani nau'in ƙasa. Saboda yana ba da aikin tushe mai aiki, ƙuntata ƙasa muhimmiyar mataki ce a cikin tsarin gini. Ga abubuwa na tsari kamar slabs, tushe, da tushe, yana da mahimmanci a inganta ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya da tsananin ƙasa (yanayin halitta). Ta hanyar rushe alaƙar da aka haifa tsakanin ƙwayoyin ƙasa masu kyau, ƙafar ƙafa da ƙafar ƙafa na iya haɗa ƙasa tare da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa. Tare da tayoyin roba da matsin iska mai canzawa, rollers na pneumatic kayan aiki ne mai tasiri don ƙananan ayyukan ƙarami zuwa matsakaici. Musamman ga wuraren aiki ko ƙananan wurare, rammers masu sauƙi suna da sauƙi kuma ana iya ɗaukar su. Puddles a cikin yadudduka, daidaitawa a cikin tushe, da kuma durƙusa a kan hanya duk misalai ne na mummunar tasirin rashin isasshen ko ba daidai ba. Ƙaddamar da ƙasa a farkon lokacin gini yana rage waɗannan tasirin kuma yana tabbatar da dandalin aiki mai ƙarfi. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kayan aiki na ƙasa, kowannensu yana da fa'idodi na kansa.[13]
  • Rashin bambancin halittu: Rashin gandun daji kuma yana haifar da asarar bambancin halittukan halittu, wanda zai iya haifar da tasiri na kai tsaye akan rushewar ƙasa. Tsarin halittu na halittu sun fi jurewa ga matsalolin muhalli, gami da rushewa, kuma asarar jinsuna na iya sa tsarin halittu ya fi fuskantar rushewa. A fannin muhalli da tattalin arziki, asarar halittu iri-iri yana da yawa, musamman ga jinsunan da yawan su ke raguwa. Rayuwar jinsuna na dogon lokaci tana fuskantar barazanar asarar kwayoyin halitta da mutane saboda ƙananan abokan tarayya suna samuwa kuma yiwuwar haɗuwa tana ƙaruwa lokacin da masu tsira da ke da alaƙa da juna suka yi jima'i. Ragewar bambancin halittu yana rage rikitarwa, yawan aiki, da ingancin ayyukan da tsarin halittu ke bayarwa. Ilimin muhalli na iya zama mara daidaituwa kuma ya rushe idan ya rasa ikonsa na komawa baya daga rushewa. "Homogenization na yanayin halittu" a duk faɗin duniya da kuma yankuna wani sakamako ne na raguwar bambancin halittu. Duk da yake jinsuna da jinsunan da mutane ke so sun zama muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin halittu da ƙwararrun jinsuna suka bar, ƙwararrun nau'o'in suna yawan haɗari ga yawan jama'a ya ragu kuma ya ƙare lokacin da yanayin ya canza. Kowane tsarin halittu ya rasa wasu rikitarwa da banbanci a sakamakon haka. Amfanin gona na yau da kullun kamar ayaba na Cavendish, wanda ke da saukin kamuwa da Tropical Race (TR) 4, ƙwayoyin cuta na fusarium wanda ke hana kwararar ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki, suna da tasirin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Tun daga shekara ta 1900, dogaro da yawa a kan nau'ikan amfanin gona tare da amfanin gona mai yawa ya haifar da lalacewar kusan kashi 75% na amfanin gona. Dabbobi da suka ɓace sun nuna damar da aka rasa don magance da kuma kawar da cututtuka kamar cutar Chagas da zazzabin cizon sauro. Don yaki da asarar halittu, ana buƙatar haɗuwa da manufofin tattalin arziki da na gwamnati, da kuma ci gaba da bincike da fadadawa. Don karfafa adana mahalli na halitta da garkuwar jinsunan a ciki daga girbi mara amfani, gwamnatoci, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da al'ummar kimiyya dole ne su hada kai. Sauran mahimman al'amuran sune ci gaba mai ɗorewa, dokoki game da farauta da cinikayya mara kyau a cikin namun daji, da kuma binciken tashar jiragen ruwa na jigilar kaya.[14] Haɗin gwiwar gwamnati, kare rayayyun jinsuna daga yawan kamun kifi da farauta, da kuma adana wuraren zama da yanayin halittu duk suna da mahimmanci don dakatar da asarar halittu.[14]

databox

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Rinkesh (2023). "Conserve energy future".
  2. ↑ Soken-Huberty, Emmaline (2022-07-15). "10 Negative Effects of Deforestation". Human Rights Careers (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  3. ↑ Igini, Martina (2023-04-06). "How Does Deforestation Affect the Environment?". Earth.Org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  4. ↑ "erosion". education.nationalgeographic.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Balasubramanian, A (2017). "Soil Erosion- Causes and Effects". Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Science (in Turanci). doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.26247.39841.
  6. ↑ Adegboyega, E.R (2019). "The impact of soil erosion on agricultural land and productivity in Efon Alaaye, Ekiti State". International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research. 7 (2): 32–40. doi:10.15739/ijapr.19.004. ISSN 2350-1561.
  7. ↑ Greentumble (2019-11-30). "How Can You Help Prevent and Control Soil Erosion? | Greentumble" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  8. ↑ Tang, Chongjun; Liu, Yu; Li, Zhongwu; Guo, Liping; Xu, Aizhen; Zhao, Jiading (2021-10-01). "Effectiveness of vegetation cover pattern on regulating soil erosion and runoff generation in red soil environment, southern China". Ecological Indicators (in Turanci). 129: 107956. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107956. ISSN 1470-160X.
  9. ↑ "The importance of soil organic matter". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  10. ↑ "The importance of soil organic matter". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  11. ↑ Fahad (2022-03-02). "How Does Deforestation Lead to Floods and Droughts?". Earth Reminder (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  12. ↑ "Chapter 4 : Land Degradation — Special Report on Climate Change and Land". Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Team, Mintek (2020-07-20). "The Importance of Soil Compaction in Construction". Mintek Resources (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Carbon footprint | Definition, Examples, Calculation, Effects, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
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