Tatsuniyar Efik
 Tatsuniyar Efik | |
|---|---|
mythology (en)  |
Tarihin tatsuniyoyin Efik ya ƙunshi tarin tatsuniyoyi waɗanda mutanen Efik suka ruwaito, suka rera ko suka rubuta kuma suka sami labari daga tsara zuwa tsara. Tushen almara na Efik sun hada da waƙoƙin Bardik, Waƙoƙi, al'adun baka da Misalai. [1] Labarai game da tatsuniyoyin Efik sun haɗa da tatsuniyoyin halitta, halittun allahntaka, halittun almara da kuma mayaƙa. Mutanen Efik ne suka ba da labarin tatsuniyoyin Efik da farko kuma aka ruwaito su a ƙarƙashin hasken wata. Mbre Ọffiọñ a Efik ana kiran su Mbre fffiọñ.
Halittar tatsuniya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana ɗaukar Abasi a matsayin Mahalicci Maɗaukaki (Allah). Matarsa, Atai, an kuma san ta da matsakanci . An yi imanin cewa Atai ya shawo kan Abasi don ya ba wa mutane biyu (mace ɗaya da mace ɗaya), wanda aka fi sani da 'ya'yan masara su zauna a Duniya, amma ya hana su aiki ko haifuwa. An buƙaci yaran su koma sama tare da Abasi duk lokacin da ya buga ƙararrawar abincin dare. An kafa waɗannan ƙa'idodin ne don kada mutanen Efik su wuce Abasi cikin hikima ko ƙarfi. Daga karshe yaran basuyi biyayya ba kuma Abasi ya kashe su duka. Abasi da Atai sun kasance masu ƙyama kuma sun ba wa mutane kyauta biyu, hargitsi da mutuwa.
Allah Uku[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin wasu tatsuniyoyi na Efik, akwai ma'anar allah-uku-cikin ɗaya. Ibom Enọ ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mahaifin Abasi wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu Abasi Ibom da Inyañ Ibom . [2] Abasi Ibom yana wakiltar duniya kuma Inyang Ibom yana wakiltar ruwa.
Halittun Almara[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana iya samun halittu da yawa na almara a cikin tatsuniyoyin Efik. Waɗannan halittu sun bambanta da Efik Ndem waɗanda suma suna da nasu bayanin na daban a cikin tatsuniya. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan halittun sun haɗa da Okukubarakpa (wanda aka fi sani da Ukara-akpa), Akaka Obu, Animana, Ikọñwọ, Unanim da sauransu. Ana ɗaukar Okukubarakpa a matsayin wani maciji mai ban tsoro wanda ya miƙa ƙetaren kogin yana ta da ruwa. [3] [4] Ana iya kamanta halitta da Leviathan ko Dodan . EU Aye ta bayyana Okukubarakpa da cewa, "wani babban macijin ruwa ya ce ya mallaki dutsen lu'u-lu'u a kansa kuma ya tsirar da tsefe a kansa kamar na zakara." Ana iya samun talifin a cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa na mutanen ƙasan Kuros Riba da wasu yankuna na Kamaru. Talbot ya ba da labarin da aka ba shi game da Okukubarakpa:
Garuruwa biyu, waɗanda suke kan kowane gefen rafin kunkuntar kogi, sun daɗe suna kan lamuran rashin aminci. Bayan wani lokaci mazaunan ɗayan waɗannan sun haye ta ƙanƙara kuma suka far wa ɗayan, suna tunanin samun nasara cikin sauƙi. Madadin wannan, bayan yaƙin da aka yi, da kansu aka mayar da su zuwa gefen ruwa, wanda ya kasance, a halin yanzu, ya tashi don haka, an yanke su daga tserewa. Yanzu, a cikin rafin ya rayu wani babban wasan tsere mai suna Kukubarakpa, kuma da sannu-sannu bai ga halin da maharan suke ciki ba sai ya sadda kansa gwanin-gwani a kan ruwan - kansa a ɗaya bankin kuma wutsiyarsa a ɗayan. A jikinsa ya gudu abin ya ɓace, kuma, lokacin da duk aka sauka lafiya a kan gaci mai nisa, majiƙan nasara suka yi ƙoƙari su bi. Kukubarakpa ya jira har sai da waɗannan sun tsallaka jikinsa, sannan ya nitse ba zato ba tsammani, yana jan su tare da shi, don haka duk suka nutsar. A cikin godiya, babu wani daga cikin mutanen da kakanninsu suka sami ceto saboda haka ya kashe ko ya ci abincin har zuwa yau. [5]
Wata halitta, Ikpun kpun kpun Ine wanda aka fi sani da ñkpọñ ọkpọñ ọkpọñ an bayyana shi a matsayin halitta mai kama-kama da ta fi giwa girma amma a cikin tatsuniya kawai. [6] [7] An bayyana Unanim a matsayin, "mummunan halittar da ta gabata ya mutu." [8] An yi imanin Unanim na cikin ruwa kuma yana iya zama kakannin wani nau'in Unaonịm . An yi imani da cewa Ikọ to yana da alaƙa da nau'in kifayen kifayen amma yana da girman kai. [9] Efik sun yi imani da cewa manyan kadoji biyu ( Efik ) maza da mata, sun tsare mashigar kogin Calabar kuma sun kare Tsohuwar Calabar. [10]
Wuraren Almara[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Za a iya samun wurare da yawa na almara a cikin ilimin sararin samaniya na Efik. Efik sun yi imani da cewa duniya ta zama haka, an san iyakar duniya da Ononkoni (Efik). [11] Efik sun yi imani da wanzuwar daula da aka sani da Ọnọsi inda ruhun matattu suke zaune. [12] ọnɔsi an ce yana nan kusa da ƙauyen Usahadet kuma ya yi iyaka da masarautar Ndem (alloli na ruwa) da aka sani da Obio Ndem. An yi amannar Obio Ndem shine wurin haduwar al'umar da aka sani da Ekongeze. [13] Mkposok ( Efik ) an ɗauke shi a matsayin mafi zurfin ɓangare na lahira inda mugaye ke rayuwa. [14]
Lafiya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Da farko an yi imani cewa Abasi da Atai suna rayuwa a cikin Rana . Abasi shine ruhun lafiya. Sau da yawa 'yan ƙabilar suna rera waƙa da rana da fatan cewa Abasi zai ji kukansu kuma ya warkar da su. An yi amannar cewa Abasi ya ba wasu 'yan ƙabilu ikon warkar da marasa lafiya ta hanyar lalata su . A duk lokacin da wani a cikin kabilar da lafiya, sarki zai tara witchdoctor . A cikin bikin warkewa, 'yan ƙabilun za su kunna wuta. Ana buƙatar duk mutanen ƙabilar da su taru yayin da suke rera waƙoƙin sujada ga Abasi. Atai tayi bikin kiwon lafiya na gargajiya ga Mijinta. Ana yin bikin ne duk bayan shekaru biyu.
Yanayi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Da lokaci ya ci gaba, mutanen Efik sun fara gaskata cewa Abasi shine ruhu naɗabi'a . Daga ƙarshe wannan ya sa mutane suka fara bautar rana tare da imanin cewa Abasi ne da kansa.
Imani na gari[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hakanan an yi imanin cewa tagwaye sun tozarta Abasi. Anyi tunanin mugunta ne mace ta haifi tagwaye; za a kona matar da ranta sannan a dauki tagwayen a barsu a daji. Abasi yana iya samun abinci sau ɗaya kawai a kowane kwana biyu. Dole ne su yi addu'a suna fuskantar rana kowace rana. wasu mutanen gari sun yi imani kuma suna bautar ruwa mai ƙarfi da ake kira imani tana karewa da jin addu'arsu, duk da cewa wannan dabi'ar ba ta da yawa a tsakanin mazauna wannan yankin amma ana ganin cewa Anansa ya wanzu
Babban tasiri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rabaran Hope Masterton Waddell ya zo tsakanin mutanen Efik a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1846. Mutanen Efik musamman sun nemi a yi musu bisharar masarautarsu a rubuce kuma wasiƙun suna ɗauke ne a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1842 da 4 Disamba 1842 daga Sarki Eyo Honesty II da Sarki Eyamba V bi da bi. Mary Mitchell Slessor ta zo Calabar a cikin 1876. Atai da ake kira matar Abasi ita ce ta uku Edidem na mutanen Efik. Shi ne sarki wanda ya jagoranci mutanen Efik daga ƙasar Aros zuwa ƙasar Uruan.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Aye, Old Calabar, p.189
- ↑ Goldie, Dictionary of the Efik, p.114
- ↑ Aye, A learner's dictionary, p.115
- ↑ Burton, p.409
- ↑ Talbot, pp.90-91
- ↑ Waddell, p.380
- ↑ Goldie, p.18
- ↑ Aye, A learner's dictionary, p.143
- ↑ Aye, A learner's dictionary, p.53
- ↑ Aye, Old Calabar
- ↑ Burton, p.401
- ↑ Aye, A learner's dictionary, p.119
- ↑ Uya, p.37
- ↑ Goldie, Dictionary of the Efik, p.13