Tushen rukuni
 Cluster root |
|---|
Tushen rukuni, wanda aka fi sani da Tushen proteoid, tushen shuka-shuke ne waɗanda ke samar da rukuni na gajerun raƙuman gefe ko wani bangaren na kasa. Za su iya samar da mat mai kauri mai kauri biyu zuwa biyar a ƙarƙashin ganyen ganye. Suna inganta sinadarin abinci mai gina jiki, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar canza yanayin ƙasa don inganta sinadarai.[1] A sakamakon haka, tsire-tsire masu tushen proteoid na iya girma a cikin ƙasa wanda ke da ƙarancin abubuwan gina jiki, kamar ƙasa mai ƙarancin phosphorus na Ostiraliya.
Adolf Engler ne ya fara bayyana su a shekara ta 1894, bayan ya gano su a kan tsire-tsire na dangin Proteaceae da ke girma a cikin lambunan Botanic na Leipzig. A cikin 1960, Helen Purnell ta bincika nau'o'i 44 daga nau'ikan Proteaceae goma, ta sami tushen proteoid a cikin kowane nau'in ban da Persoonia; sannan ta kirkiro sunan "tushen proteoid" dangane da dangin shuka wanda aka sani ya faru.[2] Tushen Proteoid yanzu an san ya faru a cikin nau'ikan Proteaceae 27 daban-daban, tare da kimanin nau'ikan 30 daga wasu iyalai, gami da Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae, Eleagnaceae, Leguminosae, Moraceae da Myricaceae. Irin wannan tsari yana faruwa a cikin nau'ikan Cyperaceae da Restionaceae, amma har yanzu ba a yi nazarin ilimin su ba.[3]
An gane siffofi guda biyu: tushen rukuni mai sauƙi suna samar da rootlets kawai tare da tushen; tushen rukuni na fili suna samar da tushen farko, kuma suna samar da ƙananan rootlets a kan tushen farko.
Wasu Proteaceae, irin su Banksia da Grevillea, suna da daraja ta masana'antun lambu da furanni. A cikin noma, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da taki mai saurin saki mai laushi, kamar yadda matakan da suka fi girma ke haifar da guba na phosphorus kuma wani lokacin karancin baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar shuka. Gudanar da amfanin gona ya kamata ya rage rikice-rikicen tushen, kuma kula da ciyawa ya kamata ya kasance ta hanyar yanka ko tuntuɓar magungunan herbicides.
Yawancin tsire-tsire masu tushen proteoid suna da darajar tattalin arziki. Shuke-shuke da aka shuka tare da tushen proteoid sun haɗa da Lupinus [4] da Macadamia .
manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Grierson, P.F. and P. M. Attiwill (1989). "Chemical characteristics of the proteoid root mat of Banksia integrifolia L. [sic]". Australian Journal of Botany. 37 (2): 137–143. doi:10.1071/BT9890137.
- ↑ Purnell, Helen M. (1960). "Studies of the family Proteaceae: I. Anatomy and morphology of the roots of some Victorian species". Australian Journal of Botany. 8 (1): 38–50. doi:10.1071/BT9600038.
- ↑ Watt, Michelle and John R. Evans (1999). "Proteoid roots. Physiology and development" (PDF). Plant Physiology. 121 (2): 317–323. doi:10.1104/pp.121.2.317. PMC 1539228. PMID 10517822. Retrieved 2006-11-07.
- ↑ P.J. Hocking and S. Jeffery (2004). "Cluster-root production and organic anion exudation in a group of old-world lupins and a new-world lupin". Plant and Soil. 258 (1): 135–150. Bibcode:2004PlSoi.258..135H. doi:10.1023/B:PLSO.0000016544.18563.86. S2CID 25635666.
5. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga H. & Poot. Tsarin da Ayyukan Tushen Cluster da Amsoshin Shuke-shuke ga Rashin Phosphate. Masu wallafa ilimi na Kluwer, Dordrecht.
6. [Hasiya] Tushen rukuni: Wani sha'awa a cikin mahallin. Shuka Ƙasa 274: 99-123. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11104-004-2725-7
7. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka samo asali ne. Tsarin tushe da aiki don ingantaccen samun phosphorus: daidaita yanayin yanayin da yanayin jiki. Ann. Jirgin ruwa. 98: 693–713. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/98/4/693