Yanayin yanayi
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Yanayin yanayi shine babban motsi na iska kuma tare da zagayawa na teku a shine hanyar da ake sake rarraba makamashin zafi a saman duniya . Yanayin yanayi na duniya ya bambanta daga shekara zuwa shekara, amma babban tsarin tsarin zagawarta ya kasance mai dorewa. Thearamin sikelin yanayin tsarin – tsakiyar latitude depressions, ko wurare masu zafi convective Kwayoyin – faruwa hargitsi, da kuma dogon kewayon yanayi tsinkaya na wadanda ba za a iya yi fiye da kwanaki goma a aikace, ko wata daya a cikin ka'idar (duba hargitsi ka'idar da malam buɗe ido sakamako ). .
Yanayin duniya sakamakon haskenta ne ta hanyar Rana da kuma dokokin thermodynamics . Za a iya kallon yanayin yanayi a matsayin injin zafi da makamashin Rana ke tafiyar da shi kuma wanda makamashinsa ya nutse, a ƙarshe, shine baƙar sararin samaniya. Aikin da wannan injin ya samar yana haifar da motsin iskar da yawa, kuma a cikin haka sai ya sake rarraba makamashin da sararin duniya ke sha a kusa da wurare masu zafi zuwa latitudes kusa da sandunan, daga nan zuwa sararin samaniya.
A manyan sikelin yanayi wurare dabam dabam "kwayoyin" canza polewards a cikin dumi lokaci (misali, interglacials idan aka kwatanta da glacials ), amma sun kasance sun fi mayar da hankali kamar yadda suke, fundamentally, wani dukiya na girman duniya, jujjuya kudi, dumama da kuma na yanayi zurfin, duk. wanda kadan ya canza. Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo (daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru), haɓakar tectonic na iya canza manyan abubuwan su, kamar rafin jet, kuma tectonics na faranti na iya canza igiyoyin teku . A lokacin yanayi mai tsananin zafi na Mesozoic, bel na hamada na uku yana iya kasancewa a Equator .
Siffofin wurare dabam dabam na latudinal[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An tsara bel ɗin iska da ke ɗaure duniyar zuwa sel guda uku a cikin kowane yanki - sel Hadley, cellul Ferrel, da kuma tantanin polar. Wadancan kwayoyin halitta suna wanzuwa a sassan arewaci da na kudanci. Mafi yawan motsin yanayi yana faruwa a cikin tantanin halitta Hadley. Tsarukan matsa lamba da ke aiki a saman duniya suna daidaita su ta hanyar ƙananan tsarin matsa lamba a wani wuri. A sakamakon haka, akwai ma'auni na dakarun da ke aiki a saman duniya.
Latitudes na doki yanki ne mai matsanancin matsin lamba a kusan 30 ° zuwa 35 ° latitude (arewa ko kudu) inda iskoki ke karkata zuwa yankuna kusa da Hadley ko sel Ferrel, kuma waɗanda galibi suna da iska mai haske, sararin rana, da hazo kaɗan.
Tsarin yanayin yanayin yanayi wanda George Hadley ya bayyana ƙoƙari ne na bayyana iskar kasuwanci . Tantanin halitta Hadley rufaffen madauki ne wanda ke farawa daga ma'aunin zafi. A can, iska mai ɗanɗano tana dumama ta fuskar duniya, tana raguwa cikin yawa kuma tana tashi. Irin wannan iskar da ke tashi a daya gefen ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya tilasta wa wadanda ke tashi sama su matsa zuwa gefe. Hawan iska yana haifar da ƙananan matsa lamba kusa da equator. Yayin da iskar ke motsawa zuwa gefe, yana yin sanyi, ya zama mai yawa, kuma ya sauko da kusan 30th a layi daya, yana haifar da yanki mai matsa lamba . Daga nan sai iskar da ta sauko ta zagaya zuwa ma’adanin da ke tare da saman, ta maye gurbin iskar da ta tashi daga yankin equatorial, ta rufe madauki na kwayar Hadley. Motsin motsin iska a cikin babban ɓangaren troposphere yana karkata zuwa gabas, wanda ya haifar da haɓakawar coriolis (bayani na kiyaye yanayin angular). A matakin ƙasa, duk da haka, motsin iska zuwa ga equator a cikin ƙananan troposphere yana karkata zuwa yamma, yana haifar da iska daga gabas. Iskar da ke gudana zuwa yamma (daga gabas, iskar gabas) a matakin kasa a cikin cell Hadley ana kiranta iskokin kasuwanci.