Yancin Yin Zanga-Zanga

Yancin Yin Zanga-Zanga
Hakkokin Yan-adam

Hakkin yin zanga-zanga na iya zama bayyanar haƙƙin 'yancin taro, haƙƙin' 'yancin tarayya, da haƙƙin'yancin magana. Bugu da ƙari, zanga-zangar da ƙuntatawa kan zanga-zambe sun kasance muddin gwamnatoci sun kasance.

A cikin dokar kasa da kasa

Yawancin yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa suna dauke da bayyane game da haƙƙin yin zanga-zanga. Irin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyi sun haɗa da Yarjejeniyar Turai ta 1950 kan 'Yancin Dan Adam, musamman Mataki na 9 zuwa 11; da kuma Yarjejeniyar Duniya ta 1966 kan' Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, musamman Matakai na 18 zuwa 22. Mataki na 9 ya bayyana "dama ga 'yancin tunani, lamiri, da addini". Mataki na 10 ya bayyana "yancin' yancin faɗar albarkacin baki". Matakin 11 ya bayyana "wancin 'yancin yin tarayya tare da wasu, gami da' yancin kafa da shiga kungiyoyin kwadago don kare bukatun sa". Koyaya, a cikin waɗannan da sauran yarjejeniyoyi haƙƙin' yancin taro, 'yancin tarayya, da' yanci na magana suna ƙarƙashin wasu iyakoki.

Black Jumma'a a Tehran, 8 Satumba 1978.

Misali, Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa ta ƙunshi haramtacciyar kan "farfaganda na yaki" da kuma bayar da shawarwari game da "ƙiyayya ta ƙasa, launin fata ko addini"; kuma yana ba da damar ƙuntata' yancin taruwa idan ya zama dole "a cikin al'umma ta dimokuradiyya don amfanin tsaron ƙasa ko tsaron jama'a, tsarin jama'a ko kariya ga haƙƙoƙi da 'yancin wasu. " (Mataki na 20 da 21) Wuraren daban-daban sun ba da nasu bayani game da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin.

Yin zanga-zanga, duk da haka, ba lallai ba ne tashin hankali ko barazana ga bukatun tsaron kasa ko tsaron jama'a. Kuma ba lallai bane rashin biyayya ga jama'a, lokacin da zanga-zangar ba ta haɗa da keta dokokin jihar ba. zanga-zangar, har ma da kamfen na juriya mara ƙarfi, ko juriya ta farar hula, sau da yawa na iya samun halayyar (banda amfani da hanyoyin da ba na tashin hankali ba) na tallafawa tsarin dimokuradiyya da tsarin mulki. Wannan na iya faruwa, alal misali, lokacin da irin wannan juriya ta taso ne don mayar da martani ga juyin mulki soja; ko kuma a cikin irin wannan yanayin na kin amincewar shugabancin jihar don mika mulki bayan cin nasara a zaben.at;

A cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu

An tsare Mary Beth Tinker saboda sanya baki don nuna rashin amincewa da yakin Vietnam, wanda ya haifar da shari'ar Tinker v. Des Moines.

Yawancin ma'aikata, cibiyoyin ilimi, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru suna kula da manufofin zanga-zangar da ke iyakance haƙƙin membobinsu don yin zanga-zanga, misali ta hanyar ƙuntata su zuwa Yankunan 'yancin magana. A Amurka, shari'ar Tinker v. Des Moines ta Kotun Koli ta 1969 ta kafa haƙƙin ɗalibai na yin zanga-zanga muddin ba ta haifar da "babban rikici".