Yare
| Yare | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
nca |
| Glottolog |
iyoo1238[1] |
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Iyo yare ne da ake magana a Lardin Madang na Papua New Guinea wanda ya fito ne daga dangin yaren Trans-New Guinea. Iyo kuma yana da sunayen Bure, Naho, Nabu, da Nahu. Yana da kusan masu magana 6,900. Harshen Iyo an riga an san shi da Nahu saboda masu magana da harshen na farko da aka gano suna zaune a ƙauyuka a gefen kogin Nahu. Sunan ya canza saboda wasu al'ummomin da ke magana da yare ɗaya amma suna da sunaye daban-daban. yanke shawarar kiran yaren 'Iyo', wanda shine kalmar 'yes', bayan shugabannin a cikin al'ummomi sun amince da shi
.
Masu magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mutanen Iyo suna rayuwa a cikin al'umma da ke darajar daidaito. Kafin tasirin cocin Lutheran, iyalai za su zauna a kananan ƙauyuka a fadin yankunan tsaunuka. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, an kirkiro ƙauyuka tare da cocin gida wanda ke aiki a matsayin cibiyar ƙauyen. A tsawon lokaci, ƙauyuka sun zama masu bambancin addini kuma sun sami hulɗa da wasu al'adu. Gidajen ƙauyen kusan an yi su ne daga albarkatun da ke kewaye da dutsen ban da ƙusa, ƙuƙwalwa, da rufin ƙarfe mai laushi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Mutanen Iyo galibi suna cin kayan lambu irin su taro da dankali mai zaki. Har ila yau, suna a masara, wake, da 'ya'yan itace lokacin da babu taro da dankali mai zaki. Suna noma wadannan amfanin gona a cikin salon 'slash and burn' a kan gangaren dutse. Ana kuma kiwon aladu a ƙananan adadi kuma ana adana su don bukukuwa a lokatai na musamman. Wani lokaci su shuka kofi da wake na vanilla don kasuwanci tare da wasu kungiyoyi a yankin.
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harshen Iyo ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyi 15. Wani karin sautin da 'dz' ke wakilta a wasu lokuta na iya faruwa saboda kusanci tsakanin harshen Iyo da Harshen Kate. Wannan sautin ya bayyana ne kawai a wasu sunaye don haka ba a haɗa shi ba. Alamar 's' tana wakiltar sauti daban-daban guda biyu. Ɗaya shine sauti na 's' na al'ada ɗayan kuma yana haifar da sauti 'ts'. Kamar 's', kalmar 'r' tana wakiltar sauti daban-daban guda biyu. sautuna biyu sune 'r' da 'l'.
| Biyuwa | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Rashin ƙarfi | Gishiri | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t d | k kh g | q | ||
| Hanci | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Tap / Flap | r | |||||
| Fricative | s z | h | ||||
| Kusanci | w | j |
Sautin sautin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harshen Iyo ya ƙunshi wasula 5. 'e' tana yin sauti 'ɛ' idan ta kasance a gaban ƙayyadaddun 'p', 'b', 't', 'd', 'r', 's', ko 'z' tare da kalmomin da aka jaddada kafin 'k'.
| -baya | + baya | |
|---|---|---|
| +high,-low | i | u |
| -high, -low | da kuma | o |
| -high,+low | a |
Kalmomin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmomin a cikin Iyo suna bin ka'idar gaba ɗaya na ma'anar da wasali ya biyo baya. 'yan lokuta inda za a sami wasula biyu da aka taru tare (misali ae, ia, ou, ua.), amma dole ne a raba su da wasula a tsakanin.
Damuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iyo yana da tsarin damuwa wanda za'a iya hangowa inda sashi na biyu zuwa na ƙarshe, ko sashi na ƙarshe, ya ƙunshi damuwa ta farko. Bugu kari, damuwa ta biyu tana kan sashi na huɗu da na shida idan akwai wani.
Nasalisation
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Y wasula a cikin Iyo suna da nasa idan an samo su a cikin kalmomin da aka jaddada. Nasaliation alama ce a kan wasu tushe da ƙayyadaddun kalmomi. na iya faruwa lokacin da syllables dauke da sauti mara murya kuma an haɗa shi da tushen ko ƙayyadaddun kamar 'ka' a cikin 'kato', 'awa' a cikin'awando', da 'pare' a cikin "pareke'.
Masu tsaron gida
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harshen Iyo yana bin tsarin ƙididdigar tushe biyar. Bayan lambar biyar, ana tunanin lambar shida a matsayin biyar da ɗaya (misali 'kandeka' na nufin biyar 'kande saŋiyo kanata' na nufin shida amma a zahiri an fassara shi zuwa biyar da ɗaya). Tsarin ƙidaya yana amfani da hannaye da kafafu don sadarwa lambobi daga ɗaya zuwa ashirin (misali 'nimi kini' yana nufin huɗu kuma an fassara shi zuwa 'ba tare da yatsan hannu ba', 'kande irisa' yana nufin goma kuma an fassare shi zuwa 'hannu biyu' kuma 'khe kande soso' yana nufin ashirin kuma an fassarar shi zuwa 'duk kafafu da hannaye'). Bugu da ƙari, ƙara 'qu' bayan lamba ya juya shi zuwa lambar da ta dace (misali 'kandeka' yana nufin biyar kuma 'kandeka qu' yana nufin na biyar). Abinda ya rage kawai ga wannan shine 'na farko', 'na biyu', da 'na uku' inda aka haɗa ma'anar mallaka. Ba a amfani da wannan tsarin ƙididdiga akai-akai. haka, an karɓi tsarin ƙididdigar Tok Pisin kuma ana amfani dashi sosai.
| Kanata | Ɗaya |
| Irisa | Biyu |
| Kapusa | Uku |
| Nimi kini | Hudu (ba tare da yatsa ba) |
| Kandeka | Biyar (hannuwa ɗaya) |
| Kande saŋiyo kanata | Shida (hannuwa da daya) |
| Korete wanda | Na farko |
| Iris quayo | Na biyu |
| Kapusayo | Na Uku |
| Nimi kini qu | Na huɗu |
| Kandeka cewa | Na biyar |
| Kande saŋiyo kanata cewa | Na shida |
Kalmomin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai nau'ikan kalmomi guda biyu a cikin Iyo. A cikin jumla, ya zama ruwan dare a sami kalmomi da yawa tare da akalla ɗaya ya zama kalma ta tsakiya, da kuma kalma ta ƙarshe. Wani aikatau tsakiya yana amfani da ma'anar don haɗa batun aikatau zuwa wani aikatau yayin da aikatau na ƙarshe ke amfani da maɓallin don gano ma'anar, da lambar batun.
Umurnin Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iyo ba shi da takamaiman tsari na kalma wanda ya biyo baya. Dangane da jumlar, tsari na kalma na iya canzawa daga umarnin Subject Object Verb (SOV) zuwa umarnin Object Subject Verb (OSV).
Mataki Mataki Verb
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsarin kalma na SVO shine tsarin kalma mafi yawanci da aka samu a Iyo.
Tsohon. 'Ba kombono qare seqanowo'
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yare". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.