Yaren Chakali

Yaren Chakali
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo Harsunan Atlantic-Congo Harsunan Volta-Congo Harsunan Gur Harsunan Gurunsi Yaren Chakali
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	cli
Glottolog	chak1271

Chakali (tʃàkálɪ́ɪ́) yaren Gur ne na Ghana, kusan mutane 3,500 ke magana a ƙauyuka da yawa a gundumar Wa Gabas ta Babban Yamma . Musamman ma, mazauna kauyukan Tiisa, Sogla, Tousa, Motigu, Ducie, Katua da Gurumbele suna magana da Chakali. Yawancin masu magana da Chakali kuma suna magana da Wali ko Bulengi. Wasu na ganin cewa ba da jimawa ba harshen Chakali zai ƙare, inda Wali da Bulengi za su zama harsunan da za a yi amfani da su a ƙauyukan.

Fassarar sauti

Chakali phonology yana da kama da harsunan Gur, tare da sautin murya, jituwa da wasali, da labial-velar consonant . Yawancin kalmomin Chakali sun faɗo cikin ɗaya daga cikin rukunoni uku C (consonant)V (wali), CVC da CVV. Duk sauran haɗe-haɗe da aka samu a cikin Chakali ba su da yawa kuma ba a samun su a tsakiyar saƙon kalma.

Wasula

Chakali ya bambanta dogayen wasala da gajere, da kuma ci-gaban wasulan harshe da ja da baya, wanda ke taka rawa wajen daidaita wasali. Duk da yake yawanci ana ɗaukarsa azaman wasalin "tsaka-tsaki" don jituwar tushen harshe, /a/</link> na iya fitowa kamar [ɑ]</link> bin -ATR wasulan, amma wannan ba sauti bane. Bugu da ƙari, [ə]</link> yana tasowa a lokacin epenthesis ko rage wasali .

	Gaba		Baya
	Ba a zagaye		Zagaye
	-ATR	+ ATR	-ATR	+ ATR
Kusa	ɪ	i	ʊ	u
Tsakar	ɛ	e	ɔ	o
Bude	a

Duk wasulan sauti kuma suna iya fitowa cikin hanci, wanda sau da yawa yakan faru ne saboda tasirin maƙwabtan hancin hanci ko glottal fricative . Wasulan hanci suna faruwa ta hanyar sauti a wasu kalmomi, kamar yadda aka nuna ta kusa-ƙananan ko ƙananan nau'i-nau'i :

• /zʊ̀ʊ̀/ 'enter', /zʊ̃̀ʊ̃̀/ 'laziness'
• /fáà/ 'ancient', /fã̀ã̀/ 'do by force'
• /tùù/ 'go down', /tṹṹ/ 'honey'

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Postalveolar / </br> Palatal	Velar		Glottal
				a fili	labbabi
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ	ŋ͡m
Tsaya	p  b	t  d	t͡ʃ  d͡ʒ	k  ɡ	k͡p  ɡ͡b	ʔ
Mai sassautawa	f  v	s  z				h
Kusanci		l	j		w
Rhotic		r~ɾ

• /t/ surfaces as [r] in word-final or word-medial onset position.
• /k/ and /g/ usually surface as [ɣ] between vowels.
• All nasals are realized as [ŋ] in word-final position.

Sautin da Intonation

Ana ɗaukar Chakali harshe mai sauti; ana amfani da saɓani a cikin sauti don canza ma'anar ƙamus da nahawu na kalmomi da jimloli. Chakali yana da manyan nau'ikan sauti guda biyu: babba da ƙasa; Sautunan tsakiya ba su haifar da canji na lexical kuma ana ɗaukar su an samo su daga ko dai manya ko ƙananan sautuna (kamar tsakiyar sautin ana ɗaukar ko dai babban sautin saukarwa ko ƙaramar sautin ƙaranci). Hakanan ana iya ɗaukar sautuna azaman sautunan kwane-kwane: ko dai a matsayin faɗuwa ko tashi.

Nahawu

Chakali jigo-fi'ili-harshen abu ne.

Kalmomi

Mafi yawan kalmomin da aka samu a cikin fi’ili na Chakali sun ƙunshi ko dai ɗaya, biyu, ko uku, kuma daga cikin waɗannan ma’anoni guda uku waɗanda ke da maƙasudi biyu kawai a cikin fi’ili shi ne ya fi kowa a cikin Chakali.

Lambobi

Ana iya raba tsarin lambar Chakali zuwa lambobin atomic da hadaddun. Lambobin atomic sun haɗa da 1-8, 10, 20, 100, da 1000. Za'a iya samun hadaddun lambobi ta hanyar ragi, ƙari da/ko ninka na raka'a. Misali. fɪ́dɪ̀dɪ́gɪ́túò ( sha tara) shine ƙari na fɪ́ (10), dɪ (da), da dɪ́gɪ́tuō (9). Lura: A cikin lambobi 11-19 /dɪ/ na iya canzawa zuwa /d/ idan rukunin mai zuwa ya fara da wasali kamar a fɪ́dàŋɔ̃ (15).

An ƙirƙiri lambobi 21-99 ta yawan 20; kamar a tsarin lambar Faransa, inda 80 ke samuwa ta hanyar ninka sau 4 sau 20, quatre-vingt. Misali: màtféó álɪ́é ànɪ́ fɪ́dālʊ̄pɛ̀ (57) wanda ke fassara kai tsaye zuwa ashirin da biyu da sha bakwai.

Hakanan an ƙirƙiri lambobi 101-999 da 1001+, amma a cikin ɗimbin yawa na 100's da 1000's. Misali: 1999 tʊ́sʊ̀ ànɪ́ kɔ̀sá dɪ́gɪ́tūō ànɪ́ màftéó ànáásɛ̀ àní fɪ́dɪ̀dɪ́gɪ́túò, wanda ke fassara kai tsaye zuwa 1000 da 100’s, 9 da 20, 9 da 20. Lura: ɗari da dubu suna da nau'ikan jam'i.