Yaren Karkar

Yaren Karkar
Dangin harshen	Pauwasi (en) Eastern Pauwasi (en) Karkar harshen
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	yuj
Glottolog	kark1258

Harshen Karkar, wanda aka fi sani da Yuri, shine kawai harshen Pauwasi na Gabas na Papua New Guinea. Akwai kusan masu magana dubu a kan iyakar Indonesian da ake magana a Green River Rural LLG, Lardin Sandaun.

Tsarin rubuce-rubuce

haruffa [1]

a

A

ae

zuwa

da kuma

shi ne

i

Ƙari

o

ko kuma

u

f

F.W.

k

kw

m

mw

m

mp

mpw

n

nk

nkw

nt

p

pw

r

s

t

w

da kuma

Harsuna

Harsuna sune:

• Yaren Yuri na Arewa ta Tsakiya, ana magana da shi a ƙauyen Yuri (3°53′42′′S 141°10′35′′E / 3.89509°S 141.176452°E / -3.89509; 141.175452 (Yuri Settlement)), Abaru ward, Green River Rural LLG
• Yaren Auia-Tarauwi, ana magana da shi a ƙauyen Auia (Auiya) (3°50′19′′S 141°08′18′′E / 3.838611°S 141.138294°E / -3.838611.; 141.139294 (Auiya 1)), Auiya 1 ward, Green River Rural LLG; kuma a Tarauwi (Trowari) ƙauye (3°50'16′′S 141 °02′07E / 3.8337695°S 143.035"E / 141.335) Rural G; Kambro173173174°E;
• Yaren Usari, ana magana da shi a ƙauyen Usari (3°51′15′′S 141°08′53′′E / 3.854202°S 141.148112°E / -3.854202; 141.14 8112 (Usari)), Auiya 1 ward, Green River Rural LLG

Rarraba

Karkar-Yuri ba shi da alaƙa da wani yare a Papua New Guinea, sabili da haka an daɗe ana tunanin shi yare ne. Wannan shine matsayin Wurm (1983), Foley (1986), da Ross (2005). Koyaya, Timothy Usher ya lura cewa yana da alaƙa da yarukan Pauwasi a fadin iyaka a Indonesia. Lalle ne, yana iya samar da ci gaba da yaren tare da harshen Pauwasi na Gabas Emem. Wannan nuna a cikin wallafe-wallafen da ba na harshe ba: taswirar 1940 ta nuna yankin 'Enam' (Emem) kamar yadda ya haɗa da yankin Karkar a PNG, kuma masanin ilimin ɗan adam Hanns Peter ya san cewa yaren Karkar ya ci gaba a fadin iyaka zuwa yankin Emem.

Abokan Pauwasi

Cognates tsakanin Karkar-Yuri da Iyalin Pauwasi (harsunan Tebi da Zorop) da Foley ya lissafa (2018):

Wakilan sunaye

Wakilan da Ross ya lissafa (2005):

	sg	pl
1 Na farko	a kan-o	yin-o
1in		Ɗauki-
2	am-o	yum-o
3	Ma-o

Abubuwan da ke cikin nau'ikan suna ɗaukar -an, wani lokacin suna maye gurbin -o: onan, amoan, mutum, yinan, námoan, yumoan. Mao mai nunawa ne 'wannan, wadanda'; ya bambanta da nko, nkoan 'wani (s) '.

Wakilan da Foley ya lissafa (2018) sune:

Fasahar sauti

Matsayin damuwa yana da rikitarwa, amma ba phonemic a cikin morphemes ba. Tsarin sautin shine CVC, ana zaton ana nazarin jerin hanci-plosive a matsayin sassan da aka tsara.

Sautin sautin

Karkar yana da lissafin wasula wanda ya kunshi wasula 11, wanda ake la'akari da shi sosai ga harshen Papuan.

Karkar sautin

i	Ƙari	u
da kuma	ə	o
ɛ		Owu
	ɐ
		Ƙarshen

Har ila yau akwai diphthong zuwa ɗaya, ao /ɒɔ/ . A rubuta sautin á o="#mwt59" class="IPA nowrap" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"/ɐ/"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAWM" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/ɐ/, é /ə/, ae /ɛ/, o /ɔ/, ko /o/, ɨ /ɨ/.

Foley (2018) ya lissafa wasula 11 na Karkar-Yuri kamar haka: :

i	Ƙari	u
da kuma	ə	o
æ ne	Zuwa	Owu
a	ɒ

Wasu bambance-bambance na tsawo na wasali a cikin Karkar-Yuri (Foley 2018): :

• ki 'yam'
• Kɨ 'ya rabu'
• ku 'yanka a tsakiya a rabi'
• ke 'mai cin abinci'
• Kər 'sanya a cikin netbag'
• ko 'zaki'
• kæ 'kwai'
• kʌʔr 'wamp'
• kɔ 'sake'
• kar 'magana'
• kɒ 'nau'in tsuntsaye'

• Kɨr 'jan tsuntsu na aljanna' (Paradisaea rubra)
• Kər 'sanya a cikin jaka'
• kʌʔr 'wamp'
• kar 'magana'

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Karkar consonants

		Labial		Alveolar	Retroflex/ palatal	Velar		Glottal
		plain	labialized			plain	labialized
Nasal	plain	m	mʷ	n
	glottalized	ˀm		ˀn
Stop	prenasalized	ᵐp	ᵐpʷ	ⁿt		ᵑk	ᵑkʷ
	plain	p	pʷ	t		k	kʷ	ʔ
Fricative		f	fʷ	s
Flap				ˀɾ	ɽ
Approximant					j		w