Yaren Manyika
| Yaren Manyika | |
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Default
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| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Manyika yaren Shona ne wanda kabilar Manyika ke magana da shi a gabashin kasar Zimbabwe da kuma iyakar kasar Mozambique . Ya haɗa da yarukan ChiBocha, ChiUngwe, da ChiManyika, waɗanda daga cikin manyan yaren Manyika ke samun sunan sa.
ChiManyika yana magana da mutane a arewacin lardin Manicaland na Zimbabwe, (Nyanga, Honde Valley Mutasa area) yayin da ChiBocha ke magana da mutanen kudancin Manicaland. Manyika ya bambanta da yarukan Karanga da Zezuru ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Halaye[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin ƙamus da prefixes na kalmomi. Misali, prefix 'va-' (an yi amfani da shi a Shona kafin sunayen maza don nuna girma da girmamawa) an maye gurbinsu da 'sa-' a cikin yaren Manyika. Har ila yau prefix 'va-' da ake amfani da shi kamar yadda yake a cikin mutane, misali misali Shona vanhu vakaenda vakawanda, an maye gurbinsa da 'wa-' ya zama wanhu wakaenda wakawanda . Sakamakon haka, Manyika ba sa amfani da prefix 'va' ta kowace hanya kamar yadda suke furta shi a matsayin ko dai 'sa' ko 'wa'. Wannan shine yadda gabaɗaya ake gane su Manyika.
Kalmomin wannan harshe sun kasu gaba ɗaya zuwa rukuni biyu. Siffofin tonal na fi'ili na rukuni ɗaya ana nuna su a ƙasa a cikin yanayin rashin iyaka, wanda ke da ku- a matsayin prefix:
- kupá 'don bayarwa', kubátá 'don kama', kupómérá 'don tsawa', kukúrúdzíra 'don ƙarfafa';
- ku'umúpá 'a ba shi (wani abu)', kumúbátá 'don kama shi', kumúpómérá, kumúkúrúdzíra ;
- kuzvípa 'bawa (wani abu don) kansa', kuzvíbatá 'kama kanshi', kuzvípomerá, kuzvíkurudzirá .
Waɗannan sifofin tonal ana iya wakilta su da kuCV'CV'CV'X, kuÓCV'CV'CV'X, kuŔXCá, inda X ke nufin jerin wayoyi na kowane tsayi, O don prefix abu, da R don prefix mai juyi, tare da ka'idar daidaitawa zuwa nau'i biyu na farko cewa idan X = Ø, CV na ƙarshe' zai iya zama Ø, kuma idan duka biyu Ø ne, CV na biyu kuma zai iya zama Ø, kuma tare da ɗaya zuwa na ƙarshe cewa idan X = Ø, Ka zama Ca.
Siffofin tonal na fi'ili na ɗayan rukunin ana nuna su a ƙasa:
- kubwa 'don barin', kumutsa 'tashi', kutarisa 'duba', kuswatanuza 'sa (wani) ya tashi';
- kumúmútsa, kumútárisa, kumúswátanudza ;
- kuzvímutsá, kuzvítarisá, kuzvíswatanudzá .
Wakilin tonal zai kasance: kuX, kuÓCV'X, kuŔXCá.
Wannan yare yana da lokuta masu nuni da yawa (kamar Nesa a baya, Kwanan baya, Ci gaba na baya, Yanzu, da sauransu) gami da mara kyau.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Stevick, Earl W., M. Mataranyika & L. Mataranyika (1965) Shona Basic Course . Cibiyar Sabis na Harkokin Waje, Washington ("bisa ga maganganun mutane biyu, masu wakiltar Manyika irin na Shona, amma tare da wasu gyare-gyare na tsari a cikin mafi yawan yarukan tsakiya"). (Ana samun rikodin wannan kwas ɗin a Intanet.)