Yaren Mono (Congo)
| Yaren Mono | |
|---|---|
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
mnh |
| Glottolog |
mono1270[1] |
Mono yare ne da kusan kimanin mutane 65,000 ke magana [2] da shi a arewa maso yammacin ƙasar Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Banda, wani yanki na reshen Daga ciki na yarukan Nijar-Congo. Yana da yare biyar: Bili, Bubanda, Mpaka, Galaba, da Kaga .
Mono yana da nau'ikan hariffa 33, gami da sansani guda uku na labial-velar ( /k͡p/</link> , /ɡ͡b/</link> , and prenasalized /ᵑ͡ᵐɡ͡b/</link> ), tsarin wasali takwas na asymmetrical, da kumalabiodental flap /ⱱ/</link> (allophonically a bibial flap [ⱳ]</link> ) wanda ya bambanta da duka /v/</link> da /w/</link> . Harshen tonal ne.
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Labial | Alveolar | Bayan alv. / </br> Palatal |
Velar | Labial-<br id="mwOA"><br><br><br></br> Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m ⟨ m ⟩ | n ⟨ n ⟩ | ɲ ⟨ ny ⟩ | ||||
| M / </br> Haɗin kai |
Voiceless | p ⟨ p ⟩ | t ⟨ t ⟩ | tʃ ⟨ tsh ⟩ | k ⟨ ⟩ | k͡p ⟨ kp ⟩ | ʔ ⟨ ' ⟩ |
| Voiced | b ⟨ b ⟩ | d ⟨ d ⟩ | dʒ ⟨ dj ⟩ | g ⟨ g ⟩ | ɡ͡b ⟨ gb ⟩ | ||
| Prenasalized | ᵐb ⟨ mb ⟩ | ⁿd ⟨ ⟩ | ⁿdʒ ⟨ ndj ⟩ | ᵑɡ ⟨ ng ⟩ | ᵑ͡ᵐɡ͡b ⟨ ngb ⟩ | ||
| Implosive | ɓ ⟨ 'b ⟩ | ɗ ⟨ 'd ⟩ | |||||
| Mai sassautawa | Voiceless | f ⟨ f ⟩ | s ⟨ s ⟩ | ʃ ⟨ sh ⟩ | h ⟨ h ⟩ | ||
| Voiced | v ⟨ v ⟩ | z ⟨ z ⟩ | ʒ ⟨ j ⟩ | ||||
| Trill / Taɓa | ⱱ ~ ⱱ̟ ⟨ ⟩ | r ⟨ r ⟩ | |||||
| Kusanci | l ⟨ l ⟩ | j ⟨ y ⟩ | w ⟨ w ⟩ | ||||
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i ⟨ i ⟩ | ɨ ⟨ ɨ ⟩ | u ⟨ ⟩ |
| Kusa-tsakiyar | e ⟨ e ⟩ | ə ⟨ ⟩ | o ⟨ ⟩ |
| Bude-tsakiyar | ɔ ⟨ ɔ ⟩ | ||
| Bude | a ⟨ a ⟩ |
| Babban | Tsakar | Ƙananan | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | ˥ ⟨ á ⟩ | ˧ ⟨ a ⟩ | ˩ ⟨ à ⟩ |
| Bayani | Babban Matsayi | Matsayin tsakiya | Karancin Matsayi |
| Rubutu | za | a | a |
| Misali | áwá ⟨ ⟩ | ⟨⟨ awa ⟩ | awa ⟨ àwa ⟩ |
| Ma'anar Turanci | "zawo" | "hanyar" | "tsoron" |
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Mono". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Ethnologue report for Mono
- ↑ Olson, Kenneth S. 2004
- Kamanda-Kola, Roger. 2003. Phonologie et morpho-syntaxe du mono: Langue oubanguienne du Congo RD (Lincom Studies in African Languages 60). Munich: LINCOM EUROPA.
- Olson, Kenneth S. 2005. phonology na Mono (SIL International da Jami'ar Texas a Arlington Publications a Linguistics 140). Dallas: SIL & UT.
- Olson, Kenneth S. & Brian E. Schrag. 2000. 'Bayyana na Mono phonology'. A cikin H. Ekkehard Wolff & Orin Gensler (eds.), Gabatarwa daga Babban Taron Duniya na 2 na Linguistics na Afirka, Leipzig 1997, 393–409. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Labari na SIL akan sabuwar alamar sautin muryar labiodental