Yaren Njerep
| Njerep | |
|---|---|
| Asali a | Cameroon |
| Yanki | Adamawa Region, Cameroon |
|
1998[1] 4 (2018)[1] | |
|
Nnijer–Kongo
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
njr |
| Glottolog |
njer1242[2] |
Njerep (Njerup) yare ne na Mambiloid da ake magana a Yankin Adamawa na Kamaru . Njerep ya ƙare, tare da mutane 4 kawai da ke magana da shi a gida (a cikin 2018). Kodayake an tattara jerin kalmomi da bayanan ilimin harshe daga waɗannan mutane, bayanan sun kasance sun ragargaje.
Janar bayani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Njerep ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin harshe mai hatsarin gaske a ƙarƙashin maƙasudin haɗarin harshe na UNESCO . Bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2000 ya nuna cewa masu jin wannan yare guda shida ne suka rage, dukkansu suna zaune ne a kauyen Somié dake kan iyakar Najeriya da Kamaru (6°28' N, 11° 27' E). A cikin waɗannan masu magana guda shida, ɗaya ne kawai ya rage mai magana a cikin harshen. Sauran an ba da rahoton cewa masu magana ne . An haifi mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin masu magana a cikin 1940s, kuma da alama ba zai yiwu ba Njerep ya tsira daga zamanin da ke yanzu ba. [3] Njerep ba yaren zance na yau da kullun ba ne. Madadin haka, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don kiyaye sirri a cikin tattaunawa. Bisa ga binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2007, mutane huɗu ne kawai ke magana da wannan yaren. Dukansu tsofaffi ne. [3] Harshen Mambila, wanda kuma aka sani da Mpop, maimakon haka ya maye gurbin Njerep ta amfani da yau da kullun. [3]
Tarihin mutanen Njerep[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ko da yake a halin yanzu mutanen Njerep suna zama a ƙauyen Somié, an fahimci cewa Njerep ya yi ƙaura zuwa wannan wurin daga tsaunuka. A yanayin ƙasa, ƙauyen Somié yana kan Filin Tikar na Kamaru. Kimanin mazaunan Somié 2,500 [4] ba Njerep ba ne kawai, har ma da ƙungiyoyin baƙi iri-iri da suka haɗa da Liap, Ndeba, da mutanen Mvup. [5] Ko da yake bayanan baka na yadda waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suka yi ƙaura zuwa filin Tikar sau da yawa suna cin karo da juna, amma ya nuna cewa raƙuman ƙaura uku ko huɗu sun kai ga yawan jama'ar wannan yanki. Wataƙila mutanen Njerep sun yi hijira zuwa Tikar Plain daga wasu yanki na Filaton Adamawa, [3] [5] watakila daga Dutsen Djeni (wanda kuma aka nuna kamar Jiini ko Aigue Mboundo a kan wasu taswirori) a kan Mambilla Plateau. Njerep wani nau'i ne na Nzirrip, wanda yake a da yana a Nyo Heights na Mambilla Plateau. A yau ne sauran ƙauyen Yanzirri ke wakilta. A bayyane yake cewa asalinsu na ƙarshe ana iya gano su a cikin Mambilla Plateau daga inda suka shiga ƙananan tsaunukan Nyalang ta tsaunukan Jiini.
Alamun harshe[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Njerep ya bayyana yana da alaƙa da bacewar Kasabe, da bacewar Yeni, da Twendi da ke cikin hatsari . [3] Njerep ya bayyana yana fahimtar juna tare da Kasabe, kodayake ba tare da Twendi ba. [3]
Njerep ya faɗi ƙarƙashin faffadan rarrabuwar kawuna na ɗaya daga cikin harsunan Mambiloid . Mambila, yare mafi girma a cikin rukunin Mambiloid, yana da kusan yaruka ashirin daban-daban, wanda aka raba shi zuwa gungu na Yaren Mambila ta Gabas da Mambila ta Yamma. [4] Binciken harshe ya nuna cewa Njerep na iya faɗuwa ƙarƙashin gungu na Mambila ta Gabas. Koyaya, ana ci gaba da gwabzawa ko ya kamata Njerep da harsunan da ke da alaƙa su ƙunshi ƙungiyar ta na musamman.
Ƙoƙarin ƙoƙari na yin rikodin da kuma kwatanta Njerep ya fara a cikin 2000. Duk da haka, a shekara ta 2000, Njerep ya riga ya kasance cikin raguwa na ɗan lokaci. Don haka, ilimin ƙamus na Njerep da nahawu ya kasance mai ɓarna sosai. Abin takaici, rashin ƙwararrun masu magana ya sa ba za a taɓa yin gyara ga rikodin da bai cika ba.
Lissafin kalmomi da nahawu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An buga cikakken jagora ga ƙamus da nahawu na Njerep kuma ana samunsa kyauta.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Connell, Bruce; Zeitlyn, David (1 June 2000). "Njerep a postcard from the edge". Studies in African Linguistics. 29 (1): 1–41. doi:10.32473/sal.v29i1.107369. S2CID 141021811.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Njerep". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Connell, B. (1997).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Zeitlyn, D. & Connell, B. (2003).
Kara karantawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Template:Languages of Cameroon
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Caron, Bernard (2000). "Les langues au Nigéria" [languages in Nigeria]. Notre Librairie. Revue des littératures du Sud (in Faransanci). Littératures du Nigéria et du Ghana, 2 (141): 8–15.
- Blench, R. M. (n.d.). New developments in the classification of Bantu languages and their historical implications. Unpublished field materials. Retrieved from http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/colloques2/38088.pdf
- Blench, R. M. (1993). "An outline classification of the Mambiloid languages" (PDF). Journal of West African Languages. 23 (1): 105–118.
- Connell, Bruce (1998). "Moribund languages of the Nigeria-Cameroon borderland". In Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.). Endangered Languages in Africa. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. pp. 207–225. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.436.7499. ISBN 978-3-89645-305-1.
- Zeitlyn, David (1990). "Professor Garfinkel Visits the Soothsayers: Ethnomethodology and Mambila Divination". Man. 25 (4): 654–666. doi:10.2307/2803659. JSTOR 2803659.
- Zeitlyn, David (1992). "Un fragment de l'histoire des Mambila : un texte de Duabang". Journal des africanistes. 62 (1): 135–150. doi:10.3406/jafr.1992.2342.
- Zeitlyn, David (1993). "Spiders in and out of Court, or, 'The Long Legs of the Law': Styles of Spider Divination in Their Sociological Contexts". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 63 (2): 219–240. doi:10.2307/1160842. JSTOR 1160842. S2CID 145716322.
- Zeitlyn, David (1994). Sua in Somié: aspects of Mambila traditional religion (PDF) (Thesis). Academia Verlag. ISBN 978-3-88345-375-0. OCLC 463919453.
- Zeitlyn, David; Bagg, Janet (2000). "Mambila Demography from Archival Sources". History in Africa. 27: 423–436. doi:10.2307/3172123. JSTOR 3172123. PMID 18386428. S2CID 40468421.
- Zeitlyn, David; Connell, Bruce (March 2003). "Ethnogenesis and fractal history on an African frontier: Mambila–Njerep–Mandulu". The Journal of African History. 44 (1): 117–138. doi:10.1017/S002185370200823X. JSTOR 4100385. S2CID 162605050. Template:ProQuest.