Yaren Taba

Yaren Taba
	bahasa Taba
'Yan asalin magana	20,000
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; South Halmahera–West New Guinea (en) ; South Halmahera (en) ; Taba language; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	mky
Glottolog	east2440

Taba (wanda aka fi sani da East Makian ko Makian Dalam) yare ne na Malayo-Polynesian na ƙungiyar Kudancin Halmahera-West New Guinea . Ana magana shi galibi a tsibirin Makian, Kayoa da kudancin Halmahera a lardin Arewacin Maluku na Indonesia da kusan mutane 20,000.

Harsuna

Akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin yaren tsakanin dukkan ƙauyuka a tsibirin Makian inda ake magana da Taba. Yawancin bambance-bambance suna shafar kalmomi kaɗan kawai. Ɗaya ^[2] cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da su shine amfani da /o/ a cikin Waikyon da Waigitang, inda a wasu ƙauyuka /a/ aka riƙe shi daga Proto-South Halmaheran . [1]

Yankin da aka rarraba

zuwa shekara ta 2005, Ethnologue ya lissafa Taba kamar yadda yake da yawan masu magana kusan 20,000; duk da haka, masana harsuna sun yi jayayya cewa wannan adadi na iya kasancewa a ko'ina tsakanin 20,000 da 50,000. Ana yawan magana da yaren a tsibirin Makian na Gabas, kodayake ana samunsa a tsibirin Kudancin Mori, tsibirin Kayoa, tsibirin Bacan da Obi da kuma yammacin gabar kudancin Halmahera. ^[2] ila yau, an ci gaba da ƙaurawar masu magana zuwa wasu yankuna na Arewacin Maluku saboda yawan fashewar dutsen wuta a tsibirin Makian. Tsibirin da kansa gida ne ga harsuna biyu: Taba, wanda ake magana a gefen gabashin tsibirin, da kuma yaren Papuan da ake magana a yammacin, wanda aka fi sani da West Makian ko Makian Luar (Makian na waje); a Taba, wannan yaren an san shi da Taba Lik ('Taba na waje'), yayin da masu magana da shi da Moi.

Matsayin magana

Taba ya alus kashi uku daban-daban na magana: alus, biasa da kasar.

Ana amfani da Alus, ko 'mai tsabta' Taba, a yanayin da mai magana ke magana da wani wanda ya tsufa ko kuma ya fi mai magana da kansa Matsayi.

Biasa, ko 'na yau da kullun' Taba, ana amfani dashi a mafi yawan yanayi.

Kasar, ko nau'in Taba 'mai laushi', ana amfani dashi ne kawai da wuya kuma gabaɗaya cikin fushi.

Fasahar sauti

Taba tana da ƙamus goma sha biyar na asali, da ƙamus huɗu na aro: /ʔ dʒ tʃ f/ . Wadannan an nuna su a kasa:

^[3]^[2]'anar [1] [2]
		Biyuwa	Apico-alveolar<br id="mwUQ">	Lamino-palatal<br id="mwVA">	Dorsal-velar<br id="mwVw">	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n		ŋ
Plosive / Africate Rashin lafiya	ba tare da murya ba	p	t	(tʃ)	k	(ʔ)
Plosive / Africate Rashin lafiya	murya	b	d	(dʒ)	ɡ
Fricative		(f)	s
Trill			r
Kusanci		w	l	j		h

Kalmomin na iya samun farawa mai rikitarwa kawai a farkon sassan morphemic. Ƙananan syllable na Taba ya ƙunshi wasali ɗaya kawai, yayin da mafi girman tsarin syllable ya kasance CCVC (akwai wasu misalai na CCCVC daga Dutch). Tsarin CCVC, duk da haka, ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin sassan da ke faruwa a farkon morphemes; sassan da ba na farko ba suna da tsarin CVC mafi girma. Yawancin kalmomi sune mono- ko disyllabic.

Dukkanin consonants ban ^[3] /j/, /w/, /r/, da /dʒ/ za a iya haɗa su. Gemi^[3] na iya faruwa kalma-da farko, misali, tala "parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"gloss","href":"./Template:Gloss"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"to meet"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwsQ" typeof="mw:Transclusion">'"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"/tala/"},"lang":{"wt":"mky"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwrw" lang="mky-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/tala/ '' vs. ttala /tːala/ 'mun (har ma) haduwa'. [1] ^[3] masu magana sun rage /hː/ zuwa [h]. ^[3]'a iya yin amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na farko (misali, /ˈhsɔpan/ na iya zama [ˈshɔpan] ko [ˈsːɔpan]).

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Taba". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Bowden 2001.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Bowden & Hajek 1999.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Taba". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[FOOTNOTEBowden2001-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Bowden 2001.

[FOOTNOTEBowdenHajek1999-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Bowden & Hajek 1999.

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