Yaren Tegali
Tegali (wanda kuma aka rubuta Tagale, Tegele, Tekele, Togole) yare ne na Kordofanian a cikin iyalin Rashad, wanda wasu ke tunanin yana cikin ɓangaren Nijar-Congo (Greenberg 1963, Schadeberg 1981, Williamson & Blench 2000). Ana magana da shi a jihar Kordofan ta Kudu, Sudan .
Rarraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Iyalin Rashad na harshe ya ƙunshi ƙididdigar yare guda biyu, Tegali da Tagoi, waɗanda ke raba kusan kashi 70% na ƙamus na asali a cikin jerin kalmomin Swadesh 100. Ana magana da su a tsaunuka biyu a arewa da arewa maso yammacin Rashad . Ana magana [1] waɗannan harsuna a cikin tsaunukan Tegali a arewa maso gabashin tsaunukan Nuba, gidan tsohon "Tegali Kingdom". Bambanci mafi mahimmanci tsakanin tarin yaruka guda biyu shine cewa Tagoi yana da tsarin rikitarwa na nau'ikan suna yayin da Tegali ba haka ba. Akwai bayani daban-daban game da dalilin da ya sa yarukan Tegali ba su da tsarin aji. Greenberg (1963) ya cire yiwuwar karɓar lamuni na asali a cikin Tagoi kuma yana ɗaukar asarar ɗalibai a cikin yarukan Tegali.
Harsuna / iri-iri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tegali yana da nau'o'i uku, Rashad (Gom, Kom, Kome, Ngakom), Tegali, da Tingal (Kajaja, Kajakja). Ethnologue bayyana cewa yarukan Rashed da Tegali kusan iri ɗaya ne. Tucker [2] Bryan sun lissafa Rashad kamar yadda kusan yake daidai da Tegali, "watakila bambancin yare ɗaya kawai"; [1] duk da haka, Greenberg ya lissafa shi a matsayin yare daban. Welmers ba da shawarar Tingal a matsayin yaren Tegali; [1] Tucker da Bryan sun ba da rahoton wannan kamar yadda ya bambanta da Tegali da Rashad, amma tabbas na reshen Tegali. [3]
Yankin da aka rarraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai masu magana harshen Tegali 35,700 a jihar Kordofan ta Kudu, Sudan. [4] rarraba masu magana a cikin tsaunuka tsakanin hanyoyin Rashud-Rashad da Rashad-Umm Ruwaba, tare da wasu tsaunuka masu nisa a yammacin Rashad (ciki har da Tagoi da Tarjok) da tsaunuka da suka warwatse a kudancin Rashad.
Harsuna / iri-iri rarraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Daga cikin yaruka uku, Tegali yana da kusan masu magana 16,000 da ke kan iyakar Tegali. Rashad yana da kusan masu magana 5,000 a cikin tsaunukan Rashad a kudancin yankin Tegali, kuma a garin Rashad. [4] (Kajakja) yana da kusan masu magana 2,100.
Fasahar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Labari | Alveolar | Bayan al'ada/Fadar Palatal |
Velar | Gishiri | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanci | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | ba tare da murya ba | p | t | c | k | |
| murya | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| <small id="mweQ">Domenal</small> | mb | nd | ŋɡ | |||
| Fricative | f | s | ʃ | (h) | ||
| Hanyar gefen | l | |||||
| Rhotic | r | Sanya | ||||
| Kusanci | w | j | ||||
- Ya yi daidai da [r] wanda aka fi ji a Tagoi
- jin retroflex plosive /ɖ/ a cikin yaren Tagom.
- /s/ da /h/ sun bambanta tsakanin yaruka.
Sautin sautin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| A gaba | Tsakiya | Komawa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | u | |
| Kusa da kusa | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Tsakanin Tsakiya | da kuma | ə | o |
| Bude-tsakiya | ɛ | Owu | |
| Bude | a |
- kuma jin sauti [ɨ, ʌ] a cikin yaren Tagom.
Misalan[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsarin lambobi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tegali yana da tsarin ƙidaya mai kama da na Tagoi. Amma yanzu sun zama kamar sun haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga mafi cikakke. Akwai wani zaɓi don lambar 'fəŋə__ilo____ilo____ilo__ .
Bayanan da aka ambata[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Haɗin waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Tegali a cikin Shirin Harsuna Masu Hadari
- Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. 2017. Glottolog 3.0. Jena: Cibiyar Max Planck don Kimiyya ta Tarihin Dan Adam .
- Tegali a cikin Tsarin Lissafi na Harsunan DuniyaTsarin lambobi na Harsunan Duniya Archived 2019-09-25 at the Wayback Machine