Yaren Toʼabaita

Yaren Toʼabaita
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Oceanic (en) ; Central–Eastern Oceanic (en) ; Southeast Solomonic (en) ; Malaita-Makira (en) ; Malaita (en) ; Toʼabaita language; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	mlu
Glottolog	toab1237

Toʼabaita, wanda aka fi sani da Toqabaqita, Toʼambaita, Malʼ'u da Maluʼu, yare ne da mutanen da ke zaune a arewa maso yammacin Tsibirin Malaita, na Tsibirin Solomon na Kudu maso Gabas suke magana. Toʼ yare ne na Austronesian . ^[2]

Sunan

Bisa ga ilimin Lichtenberk, sunan 'toqa' a zahiri yana nufin "mutane da yawa" (toqa "mutum" + Baqita "babban, da yawa").

Bayani na gaba ɗaya

Gidan ^[3] gizon Ethnologue ya rubuta yawan masu magana da Toqabaqita a matsayin 12,600 a cikin 1999. Lichtenberk, wanda ya rubuta wani babban harshe na Toqabaqita ya ba da rahoton cewa Toqabaqida na iya kasancewa wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar yarukan Arewacin Malaita wanda ya haɗa da Baeguu, Baelelae da Fataleka, kuma mai yiwuwa Lau. Ethnologue duk ^[4] haka ya ba da rahoton cewa babu sanannun yarukan Toqabaqita, amma ya ba da rahoto cewa a cikin wannan rukuni na harsuna, suna fahimtar juna. Lichtenberk ^[5] nuna cewa masu magana da Toqabaqita sun gane kamanceceniya a duk harsunan tsibirin, amma mutanen Toqabaqida da kansu ba su da wannan ra'ayi na Arewa Malaita kasancewa yare da Toqabaqaqita a matsayin yare a cikin wannan rukuni.

An rarraba Toqabaqita a matsayin memba na Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Tsakiyar Gabashin Oceanic, Kudu maso Gabashin Solomonic. ^[6]'an nan kuma akwai ɗan bambanci a cikin rarrabuwa tsakanin Lichtenberk da Glottolog. Lichetenberk ^[6] rarraba rukuni na gaba a matsayin Longgu / Malaita / Makira (San Cristobal), yayin da Glottolog bai haɗa da Longgu a wannan lokacin ba, amma a maimakon haka a matsayin 'yar'uwa ga Malaita /Makira.

Rubutun Wikipedia na Longgu, wanda shine harshen kudu maso gabashin Solomonic da ake magana a Guadalcanal, an ruwaito cewa asalinsa ne daga Malaita. Lichtenberg ^[7]'an nan kuma ya karya rukuni na Malaita / Makira a cikin rukuni na Tsakiya / Arewa da Kudancin Malaita, sannan rukuni na Arewa Malaita kanta, wanda Toqabaqita ke cikinsa. Sabanin haka Glottolog ^[6] karya rukuni Malaita / San Cristobal (Makira) zuwa rukuni biyu Malaita / Makira da Longgu, sannan zuwa Arewa da kudancin Malaita subgroups, inda arewa ta haɗa da yarukan da aka lissafa a sama da kuma yarukan Malaita na tsakiya.Adadin masu magana da Toqabaqita yana da yawa ga harshen Solomon Islands, kodayake yawancin masu magana sun zama harsuna biyu a Pijin yayin da suke girma. Toqabaqita yana da matsayin yare na farko ga yara, kuma ana amfani dashi a rayuwar yau da kullun. Yawancin masu magana ^[5] Toqabaqita suna magana da wasu Turanci, kuma wannan shine harshen makarantu, kodayake makarantun firamare ne kawai ke samuwa a cikin gida. Yawan karatu ^[6] rubutu a Toqabaqita shine 30-60%, kuma ana amfani da rubutun Latin.

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Toʼabaita". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Lichtenberk, 2008, p.1
↑ Lewia, 2015
↑ Lichtenberk, 2008, p.1
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Lichtenberk 2008
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Hammarström 2015
↑ Lichtenberk 2008, p.5

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Toʼabaita". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[:82-2] Lichtenberk, 2008, p.1

[3] Lewia, 2015

[:8-4] Lichtenberk, 2008, p.1

[:9-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Lichtenberk 2008

[:10-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Hammarström 2015

[7] Lichtenberk 2008, p.5

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