Zande harshe
Zande harshe | |
---|---|
| |
Baƙaƙen boko | |
Lamban rijistar harshe | |
ISO 639-3 |
zne |
Glottolog |
zand1248 [1] |
Zande yare mafi girma daga cikin yarukan Zande. Azande ne ke magana da shi, da farko a arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da yammacin Sudan ta Kudu, amma kuma a gabashin Jëwrijin Afirka ta Tsakiya. Ana kiranta Pazande a cikin harshen Zande da Kizande a cikin Lingala.
Kimanin game [2] yawan masu magana ya bambanta; a cikin 2001 Koen Impens ya ambaci binciken da ya sanya lambar tsakanin 700,000 da miliyan ɗaya.
Babu wani yaren gi da ke fitowa a cikin harshen Zande kuma ƙananan bambanci ne kawai a cikin furtawa.
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Labari | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Labarin-velar<br id="mwKw"> | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hanci | m | n | ɲ | ||||
Plosive | ba tare da murya ba | p | t | k | k͡p | ||
Domenal | mb | nd | ŋɡ | ŋɡ͡b | |||
murya | b | d | ɡ | ɡ͡b | |||
Fricative | ba tare da murya ba | f | s | ||||
Domenal | Ka'ida | nz | |||||
murya | v | z | |||||
Rhotic | r ~ Sanya | ||||||
Kusanci | j | w |
- Sautunan alveolar /d, z, nz, s, t, nd/ suna da allophones kamar sautunan palato-alveolar [d͡ʒ, ʒ, nʒ, ʃ, t͡ʃ, nd͡ʒ] lokacin da ke gaba da /i/.
- iya jin retroflex tap a matsayin alveolar trill [r] a cikin bambancin kyauta.
Sautin sautin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A gaba | Komawa | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<small id="mwpQ">ba a zagaye ba</small> | <small id="mwqA">zagaye</small> | |||||
Kusa | i | Ya kasance | u | A cikin su | ||
Kusa da kusa | ɪ | ɪ̃ | ʊ | ʊ̃ | ||
Tsakanin Tsakiya | da kuma | Sai dai | o | Yankin | ||
Bude-tsakiya | ɛ | ɛ̃ | Zuwa | ʌ̃ | Owu | O.A. |
Bude | a | ã |
Tsarin rubuce-rubuce
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin][3][4] kafa ka'idojin rubutun Zande a taron harshe na Rejaf na 1928 [1] bin ka'idodin Cibiyar Afirka ta Duniya. [2]
a | b | d | da kuma | f | g | i | k | m | n | o | ö | p | s | t | u | v | w | da kuma | z |
Ana nuna sautunan da aka yi amfani da su ta amfani da tilde: ːã ẽ ĩ õ ũ.Consonants tare da sau biyu articulation suna wakiltar digraphs: Ōgb kp mv nv ny.
[5] shekara ta 1959, Archibald Norman Tucker ya buga haruffa na Zande da aka gabatar a lokacin Taron Bangenzi na shekara ta 1941. [1]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Zande harshe". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gore 1931.
- ↑ Impens 2001.
- ↑ Tucker 1959.