'Yan ƙasa don Magani na Duniya
 | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Suna a hukumance |
Citizens for Global Solutions |
| Gajeren suna | CGS |
| Iri | Nonprofit |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Aiki | |
Member count (en)  | 34,000 (1948) |
| Mulki | |
| Shugaba |
Cord Meyer IV (en) da Alan Cranston (en) |
| Hedkwata | Washington, D.C. |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 23 ga Faburairu, 1947 |
| Mabiyi |
Student Federalists (en) |
    | |
Citizens for Global Solutions kungiya ce ta membobin kasa a Amurka dake aiki don kafa Gwamnatin duniya [1] don kauce wa yaƙe-yaƙe na nukiliya na gaba. [2][3]
Ya inganta Gwamnatin tarayya ta duniya, sake fasalin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kudurorin majalisa, da gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka don tallafawa gwamnatin tarayya ta Duniya.[4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Za'a iya gano asalin kungiyar zuwa ga wanda ya rigashi, World Federalists, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1941. Wannan rukuni daga baya ya haɗu da wasu kungiyoyi a 1943 don ƙirƙirar Gwamnatin Duniya ta Tarayya, Inc. wanda ya samo asali zuwa Tarayyar Duniya, Amurka a 1945, kuma a 1947, ya canza zuwa Tarayyoyin Tarayyar Turai (UWF). [4]
A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1947, [5] kungiyoyi biyar na tarayya na duniya - Amurkawa United for World Government (AUWG), World Federalists, Amurka (World Federalists of America), Student Federalists, Georgia World Citizens Committee (GWCC), da Massachusetts Committee for World Federation (MCWF) - sun haɗu don kafa United World Federalists (UWF). [6] Cord Meyer IV shine shugaban farko na kungiyar, tare da Grenville Clark, Thomas K. Finletter, Wallace Trevor Holliday suna aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa.[7]
A cikin shekara ta 1948, kungiyar tana da mambobi sama da 34,000, ciki har da dalibai 7,000. Wannan adadin yakaru zuwa fiye da mambobi 50,000 a farkon shekarun 1950.[8]
Albert Einstein
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1948, an gayyaci Cord Meyer don halartar taron Kwamitin Gaggawa na Masana Kimiyya na Atomic (ECAS) kuma ya sadu da Albert Einstein, [9] [10] Leo Szilard da sauran manyan Masana kimiyyar nukiliya. A lokacin ne Albert Einstein ya shiga UWF a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Bada Shawara kuma ya nuna goyon bayansa. Einstein da ECAS sun taimaka wa UEF wajen tara kudade a lokuta dayawa kuma sun bada kayan tallafi. [7]
A watan Yunin, 1951, a cikin littafinsa na Harrison Brown, Einstein ya bayyana United World Federalists a matsayin: "ƙungiyar da tafi kusa da burinmu
A watan Yunin, 1951, a cikin littafinsa na Harrison Brown, Einstein ya bayyana United World Federalists a matsayin: "ƙungiyar da tafi kusa da burinmu [1] na taron Cord Meyer tare da Albert Einstein a 1948 an rarraba shi sosai a intanet da kafofin sada zumunta, tare da ikirarin ƙarya na Einstein yana tare da likitansa. [11] [12][13]
Thane karanta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1949, Cord Meyer yayi murabus kuma Alan Cranston ya gaje shi. A wannan shekarar, Thane Read ya shiga UWF, wanda daga baya yafara kiran duniya a 1958 kuma ya sami goyon baya ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Duniya [14] wanda ya haifar da cigaban Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Duniya. [15] [16]
Daga baya aka sake sunan UWF a matsayin World Federalists USA . [6]
Rarraba da sakewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1975, kungiyar ta mayar da hankali ga ayyukan ilimi a matsayin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Duniya (WFA), yayin da membobin dake son cigaba da ƙoƙarin siyasa suka kafa Kamfen don Canjin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (CUNR). Kungiyoyin biyu sun haɗu a matsayin Citizens for Global Solutions (CGS) a shekara ta 2003. [17][18]
Jerin Shugabannin da suka gabata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Cord Meyer (1947-1949)
- Alan Cranston (1949-1952)
- Norman Cousins (1952-1954) [19]
- C. Maxwell Stanley (1954-1956) [20]
- Donald Harrington (1956-1959)
- Charles C. Price III (1959-1961)
- Paul W. Walter (1961-1964)
- C. Maxwell Stanley (1964-1966) [20]
- Arnold S. Zander (1966-1967)
- Neal Potter (1967-1968)
- James G. Patton (1968-1969)
- Joseph S. Clark (1969-1971) [21]
- Luther H. Evans (1971-1976)
- Norman Cousins (1976-1990) [19]
- Charles C. Price III (1990-1992) [22] [23]
- John B. Anderson (1992-)
Shekaru na baya-bayan nan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 2006, CGS ta kaddamar da kamfen don hana tabbatar da John Bolton a matsayin jakadan Amurka a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bolton, wanda ke aiki a matsayin nadin hutu, ya janye daga la'akari a wannan Disamba.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kwamitin Gaggawa na Masana Kimiyya na Atomic (ECAS)
- Ra'ayoyin siyasa na Albert Einstein
- Thane karanta
- Gwamnatin Duniya
- Kira na Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Duniya
- Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Duniya
- Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Duniya
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "LIFE - Hosted by Google". images.google.com. Retrieved 2023-08-22. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "LIFE - Hosted by Google". images.google.com. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
- ↑ "LIFE - Hosted by Google". images.google.com. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "archives.nypl.org -- United World Federalists records". archives.nypl.org. Retrieved 2023-08-22. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":5" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "United World Federalists mss., 1928-1988 (bulk 1946-1986)". webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "World Federalist Association | UIA Yearbook Profile | Union of International Associations". uia.org. Archived from the original on 2023-08-21. Retrieved 2023-08-21. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2 - ↑ "Citizens for Global Solutions". 2007-02-05. Archived from the original on 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
- ↑ "Albert Einstein and World Federalist Cord Meyer in conversation, Princeton, NJ". International Center of Photography (in Turanci). 2016-02-29. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
- ↑ "These candid photographs capture the daily life of Albert Einstein, 1930s-1950s - Rare Historical Photos". Rare Historical Photos (in Turanci). 2022-06-01. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
- ↑ "This is NOT Albert Einstein With His Therapist". Gizmodo (in Turanci). 2015-08-25. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
- ↑ says, QuietBlogster (2017-04-02). "Einstein with his therapist?". HoaxEye (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-08-22.
- ↑ "7 (More) Fun Facts That Are Total Lies". Gizmodo (in Turanci). 2013-12-26. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
- ↑ "Letters from Thane Read asking Helen Keller to sign the World Constitution for world peace. 1961". Helen Keller Archive. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 2023-07-01 – via afb.org.
- ↑ "Letters from Thane Read asking Helen Keller to sign the World Constitution for world peace. 1961". Helen Keller Archive. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 2023-07-01 – via afb.org.
- ↑ "Letter from World Constitution Coordinating Committee to Helen, enclosing current materials". Helen Keller Archive. American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ↑ "Citizens for Global Solutions | Center for Nonprofit Strategies". cnpsweb.org (in Turanci). Retrieved August 1, 2018.
- ↑ "Citizens for Global Solutions | UIA Yearbook Profile | Union of International Associations". uia.org. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Read-Brown, Ken. "Cousins, Norman (1915-1990)". Harvard Square Library. Unitarian Universalist biographies, history, books, and media. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Details Page - The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa - The University of Iowa Libraries". uipress.lib.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ↑ "Bioguide Search". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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