Alamun Cutar Daji
 Alamun Cutar Daji | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
clinical finding (en)  |
| Suggests the existence of (en) | Sankara |
Alamun ciwon daji shine canje-canje a cikin jiki wanda ke haifar da kasancewar ciwon daji. Yawanci suna faruwa ne sakamakon illar da ciwon daji ke yi a sassan jiki inda yake girma, duk da cewa cutar na iya haifar da wasu alamomi na gaba daya kamar rage kiba ko kasala. Akwai nau'ikan ciwon daji sama da 100 daban-daban tare da alamu da alamu masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya bayyana ta hanyoyi daban-daban.[1]
Alamu da Alamomi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ciwon daji rukuni ne na cututtuka da ke tattare da hadakar kwayoyin cuta mara kyau tare da yuwuwar mamayewa ko yadasu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.[2][3] Ciwon daji na iya zama da wahala a gano shi saboda alamunsa da alamunsa galibi ba takamaimai bane, ma'ana suna iya zama al'amura na gaba daya wadanda ba su nuna kai tsaye ga takamaiman tsarin cutar ba.[ana buƙatar hujja]
A cikin magani, alamar wani yanki ne na hadinkai na bayanai wanda za'a iya aunawa ko a iya gani, kamar a cikin zafin jiki mai girma (zazzabi), kurji, ko rauni.[4] Alamar alama, ta bambanta, ita ce kwarewa ta zahiri wanda zai iya nuna cuta, rashin lafiya ko rauni, kamar zafi, dizziness, ko gajiya.[5] Alamu da alamun ba su bambanta da juna ba, misali za a iya lura da yanayin zafin jiki a matsayin alamar ta amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio wanda ke yin rikodin babban karatu.[5]
Saboda yawancin alamun cutar kansa suna sannu a hankali a farkon kuma gabadaya a yanayi, gwajin cutar kansa (wanda ake kira sa ido kan kansa) shine babban fifikon lafiyar jama'a. Wannan na iya hadawa da aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, gwaje-gwajen jiki, samfuran nama, ko gwaje-gwajen hoto wanda gungiyar kwararrun ke ba da shawarar a gudanar da su a tsaka-tsakin kayyadaddun adadin jama'a. Bincike na iya gano ciwon daji kafin bayyanar cututtuka su bayyana, ko farkon yanayin cutar.[6] Ana iya kare wasu cututtukan daji da alluran rigakafin kwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da su (misali, rigakafin HPV a matsayin rigakafin kansar mahaifa).[7]
Bugu da kari, ilimin hakuri game da alamun damuwa wadanda ke budatar karin kimantawa shine mahimmanci don rage cututtuka da mace-mace daga ciwon daji. Alamun da ke haifar da damuwa mai yawa, alamun da ke ci gaba ko ba a bayyana su ba, da/ko bayyanar alamu da yawa tare musamman suna garantin kimantawa ta kwararrun lafiya.[ana buƙatar hujja]
Alamomin Ciwon Daji Da Alamun Ciki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Makanikai
Ciwon daji na iya haifar da alamu ta daya ko fiye daga cikin hanyoyi masu zuwa:[ana buƙatar hujja]
- Tasirin taro : Rashin hadakar nama, ko kari, na iya damfara tsarin da ke kusa, haifar da ciwo, kumburi ko rushewar aiki. Ba duka ciwon daji ke haifar da ciwace-ciwace ba. Ko da ciwon daji (wadanda ba su daidaita ba, ko bazuwa zuwa wasu kyallen takarda) na iya samun sakamako mai tsanani idan sun bayyana a wurare masu hadari, musamman zuciya ko kwakwalwa. Kananan toshewar hanji sakamakon haɓakar ƙari a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci wani misali ne na sakamakon 'sararin samaniya' sakamakon ciwon daji.
- Asarar Aiki: Kwayoyin Tumor na iya rage sel na al'ada na iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki, don haka ya rushe aikin wata mahimmanci. Ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace da yawa suna haifar da sabbin hanyoyin samar da jini wanda ke yin hidima don samar da kari maimakon na yau da kullun, lafiyayyen nama. Ayyukan da ba a saba ba na kwayoyin cutar kansa da rage aikin sel na al'ada a cikin wata gabobin da aka bayar na iya haifar da gazawar gabobin.
- Haɓaka Samar da Lactate: Tasirin Warburg ya bayyana cewa kwayoyin cutar kansa a gaban iskar oxygen da glucose suna daukar hanyar samar da makamashi daban-daban, suna karkatar da kuzari don samar da kwayoyin halitta don tallafawa hadakar dari. Wannan nau'in kwayar cuta ta musamman na kwayoyin kansa yana bude kofofin don yiwuwar jiyya na kansa ciki har da niyya lactate dehydrogenase da samar da tsaka-tsakin TCA.
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes : Wasu ciwon daji suna samar da hormones "ectopic", musamman lokacin da ciwace-ciwacen daji ke tasowa daga kwayoyin neuroendocrine, suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa iri-iri na endocrin. Misalai sun haɗa da samar da hormones na parathyroid ta hanyar ciwace-ciwacen parathyroid ko serotonin ta hanyar ciwan carcinoid. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, nau'ikan tantanin halitta waɗanda ke samar da wadannan kananan kwayoyin cuta suna yaduwa da mugunta kuma suna rasa yadda suke da martani ga mummunan ra'ayi. Saboda hormones suna aiki a kan kyallen takarda mai nisa daga wurin samarwa, alamun paraneoplastic da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na iya bayyana nesa da ciwon daji na asali.
- Venous Thromboembolism: Marasa lafiya tare da wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji suna cikin haɗarin ƙumburi na jini saboda wuce gona da iri na abubuwan da ke hada su. Wadannan gudan jini na iya rushe wurare dabam dabam a cikin gida ko kuma su rabu da tafiya zuwa zuciya, huhu, ko kwakwalwa, kuma yana iya zama m. Alamomin daskarewar jini na iya hadawa da zafi, kumburi, dumi da kuma a karshen matakai, rashin karfi, musamman a hannu da ƙafafu. Wasu magungunan ciwon daji na iya ƙara haɓaka wannan hadarin.[8]
- Effusions: Ciwon daji na iya tayar da motsin ruwa a cikin jiki kuma ya haifar da tarin ruwa na waje. Ciwon nono da huhu, alal misali, yakan haifar da zubar da jini, ko tarin ruwa a cikin rufin huhu. Ciwon daji na ciki, gami da ciwon daji na ovarian da na mahaifa, na iya haifar da tarin ruwa a cikin kogon ciki.
Alamomin tuhuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Alamun ciwon daji na iya zama sauye-sauye na musamman ga jin dadin jin dadin jikin mutum (alamomin tsarin mulki), ko kuma na iya kasancewa zuwa wani tsarin gabobin jiki ko yanki na jiki.[ana buƙatar hujja]
Alamomin da ke biyo baya na iya zama bayyanar cutar kansa mai tushe. [9][10][11] A madadin, za su iya yin nuni ga hanyoyin cututtukan da ba na kansa ba, ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji, ko ma kasancewa cikin kewayon ilimin lissafi na al'ada. Suna iya bayyana a farkon wurin ciwon daji ko kuma zama alamun ciwon daji metastasis, ko yaduwa. Ana bukatar karin aiki ta kwararren kiwon lafiya don gano cutar kansa.[10]
Alamomin Tsarin Mulki
- Rage nauyin da ba a bayyana ba: Rage nauyi wanda ba a yi niyya ba kuma ba a bayyana shi ta hanyar abinci ba, motsa jiki ko wasu cututtuka na iya zama alamar gargadi na nau'in ciwon daji da yawa.
- Ciwon da ba a bayyana ba : Ciwon da ke ci gaba, ba shi da wani dalili mai mahimmanci, kuma baya amsa magani yana iya zama alamar gargadi na nau'in ciwon daji da yawa.
- Gajiya ko gajiya da ba a bayyana ba: kunkarar da ba a sani ba kuma na ci gaba na iya nuna rashin lafiya, ciki har da ciwon daji na jini kamar cutar sankarar bargo ko lymphoma.
- Zufan dare ko zazzabi da ba a bayyana ba: Wadannan na iya zama alamun cutar kansar tsarin rigakafi. Zazzabi a cikin yara ba kasafai ke nuna rashin lafiya ba, amma yana iya dacewa da kimantawa.
Alamomin gida
| Tsari | Alama | Nau'in Ciwon daji | Bayanan kula |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kai & wuya | Wahalar hadiyewa | Esophageal (makogwaro) ko ciwon daji na GI | |
| Na numfashi | m tari ko kururuwa
Jini a cikin sputum (hemoptysis) Shortness na numfashi (dyspnea) |
Ciwon daji na huhu | |
| Gastrointestinal (GI) | Canji a cikin halaye na hanji
Zawo ko makarkashiya Ci gaba da rashin narkewa ko kwannafi Ciwon ciki, kumburin ciki, ko tashin zuciya Jini a cikin stool Girman hanta |
Ciwon daji na GI ko GU, gami da ciki, pancreatic, hanji, prostate ko mafitsara | Mahimman kumburi ko jin cikawa (koshi) sanannen alama ce ta ciwon daji na kwai ko mahaifa. |
| Ciwon fitsari (GU) | Wahalar wucewar fitsari
Duk wani zubar jini na al'ada, gami da rashin daidaituwar al'ada*, zubar jini daga farji jini a cikin fitsari |
Ciwon daji na urothelial, kamar a cikin mafitsara ko ciwon koda ko ciwon daji na GI
Uterine, ovarian ko ciwon daji na farji |
*Zin jinin al'ada na bayan al'ada kullum ba shi da kyau kuma yakamata a yi la'akari da yiwuwar ciwon daji. |
| Fata/Mucosa | Ciwo ko Ulcer *
Kurjin da ba a bayyana ba Kullun da ba a saba gani ba Canje-canje a cikin mole * |
Ciwon daji na fata, gami da melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, ko squamous cell carcinoma
Ciwon daji na baka, ko wasu ciwon daji na kyallen jikin da suke tasowa |
* Wadannan suna kara damuwa ga mutanen da ke shan taba ko barasa.
** Ana yawan kimanta wadannan tare da ABCD mnemonic don canje-canje a ciki |
| Nono | Sabbin kullutu
Canje-canje a cikin nau'in fata, misali dimpling Juyar da nonuwa Fitowar da ba a saba ba ko na jini |
Ciwon nono | Ciwon daji na nono yana tasowa musamman amma ba ga mata kadai ba. |
| Musculoskeletal | Ciwon kashi
Karaya, esp. kashin baya |
||
| Hematologic/Immunologic | Yawan kumbura ko zubar jini
Kumburi na lymph nodes ko kullun da ba a saba gani ba |
Cutar sankarar bargo
Lymphomas |
Kunkarar da ba ta dace da rauni kai tsaye ba ko |
| Masanin ilimin jijiya | Ciwon kai na dawwama
Sabbin kamawa Vertigo |
Ciwon daji na kwakwalwa | Ciwon kai wanda ya wuce sama da makonni biyu, ko gabatarwar farko na kame ya kamata ya ba da garantin kimanta yiwuwar ciwon kwakwalwa. |
Alamomin Ciwon daji: Aikin Likita[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kwararrun kiwon lafiya na iya bin aikin bincike na yau da kullun don tantance alamun cutar kansa. Gwaje-gwajen da aka ba da umarnin za su dogara da nau'in ciwon daji da ake zargi. Wadannan na iya haɗawa da:[12]
- Basic Metabolic Panel
- Barium enema
- Biopsy
- Duban kashi
- Burin kasusuwan kasusuwa da biopsy
- MRI na nono
- Colonoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy, da/ko Endoscopy
- Cikakken kididdigan Jinin Jini da/ko Shafar Jini na Wuta
- Kwamfuta Tomography (CT) Scan
- Jarrabawar Dubura ta Dijital
- Electrocardiogram (EKG) da kuma Echocardiogram
- Gwaje-gwajen Jini na Farko
- Hoto Resonance Magnetic (MRI)
- Mammogram
- MUGA Scan
- Gwajin Pap
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
- Gwajin Alamar Tumor
- Ultrasound
Alamun Jiyya da Na Biyu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Jiyya na ciwon daji na iya hadawa da tiyata, chemotherapy, radiation far, hormonal far, niyya far (ciki har da immunotherapy kamar monoclonal antibody far ) da kuma roba mutuwa, mafi yawanci a matsayin jerin raba jiyya (misali chemotherapy kafin tiyata). Wasu daga cikin waɗannan magungunan ciwon daji na iya haifar da alamun jiyya, ko na biyu, gami da:
- Ciwo
- Ciwon daji na iya haifar da ciwon daji ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta da kanta tana damfara sassan da ke kusa, dage jijiyoyi, ko haifar da amsa mai kumburi. Hakanan ana iya haifar dashi ta hanyar hanyoyin kwantar da hankali kamar radiation ko chemotherapy. Tare da ingantaccen kulawa, ana iya kawar da ciwon daji ko kuma sarrafa shi sosai a cikin 80% zuwa 90% na lokuta, amma kusan 50% na masu fama da ciwon daji a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba suna samun ƙasa da kulawa mafi kyau. A duk duniya, kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji suna samun ɗan magani kaɗan ko babu.[13] Ciwon daji a cikin yara da kuma mutanen da ke da nakasar hankali kuma an ba da rahoton cewa ba a yi musu magani ba.[14]
- Kamuwa da cuta
- Zurfin Jijiya Thrombosis
- Ciwon huhu
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome
- Ciwon tsoka
Alamomin da ke bukatar magani na gaggawa sun haɗa da:
- Zazzabi wanda shine 100.4 °F (38 °C) ko mafi girma
- Girgizawa yayi
- Ciwon kirji ko karancin numfashi
- Rudani
- Ciwon kai mai tsanani tare da taurin wuya
- Fitsari mai jini
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ "What is Cancer?". Cancer.Net (in Turanci). 2012-08-01. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
- ↑ World Health Organization (12 September 2018). "Cancer". Cancer: Fact Sheet. Archived from the original on 2018-04-28. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
- ↑ National Cancer Institute (17 September 2007). "What is Cancer?". National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2016-05-28. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
- ↑ Merriam Webster. "Sign (medical definition)". Merriam Webster.Com. Archived from the original on 2006-05-20. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Marie T. O'Toole, ed. (2013). Mosby's medical dictionary (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Mosby. ISBN 978-0-323-08541-0. OCLC 788298656.
- ↑ "Cancer Screening Overview (PDQ®)–Patient Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov (in Turanci). 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
- ↑ "How Cancer is Treated". Cancer.Net (in Turanci). 2008-03-18. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
- ↑ Horsted, Freesia; West, Joe; Grainge, Matthew J. (2012-07-31). "Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLOS Medicine. 9 (7): e1001275. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001275. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 3409130. PMID 22859911.
- ↑ "17 Cancer Symptoms You Shouldn't Ignore". ucsfhealth.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-30.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Signs and symptoms of cancer". Cancer Research UK (in Turanci). 2015-03-17. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
- ↑ "Signs and Symptoms of Cancer | Do I Have Cancer?". www.cancer.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-30.
- ↑ "Tests and Procedures". Cancer.Net (in Turanci). 2010-07-24. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
- ↑ Magdi Hanna; Zbigniew Zylicz, eds. (2013). Cancer pain. London: Springer. ISBN 978-0-85729-230-8. OCLC 855544999.
- ↑ Millard, Samantha K.; de Knegt, Nanda C. (December 2019). "Cancer Pain in People With Intellectual Disabilities: Systematic Review and Survey of Health Care Professionals". Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 58 (6): 1081–1099.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.07.013. ISSN 1873-6513. PMID 31326504. S2CID 198136476.