Anas

Anas
Scientific classification
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Chordata
Class	Aves
Order	Anseriformes (en)
Dangi	Anatidae
Subfamily	Anatinae (en)
genus (en)	Anas; Linnaeus, 1758

Anas asalin halittar ducks ne. Ya haɗa da pintails, yawancin teals, da mallard da dangi na kusa. A baya ya haɗa da ƙarin nau'in amma biyo bayan buga nazarin ilimin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin shekara ta 2009 an raba jinsi zuwa sassa huɗu. Halittar yanzu ta ƙunshi nau'in halittu 31. Sunan Anas shine Latin don "duck".

Tsarin tsari[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

FMasanin ilimin halitta Carl Linnaeus dan Sweden ya gabatar da nau'in Anas a cikin shekara ta 1758 a bugu na goma na Systema Naturae. Anas shine kalmar Latin don agwagwa. Halittar a baya ta ƙunshi ƙarin nau'in. A cikin shekara ta 2009 an buga babban binciken ilimin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta wanda aka kwatanta jerin DNA na mitochondrial daga ducks, geese da swans a cikin dangin Anatidae. Sakamakon ya tabbatar da wasu daga cikin ƙananan ƙananan binciken da aka yi a baya kuma ya nuna cewa asalin halittar kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya ba ta monophyletic. Dangane da sakamakon wannan binciken, Anas ya kasu kashi huɗu da aka gabatar na monophyletic genera tare da nau'ikan guda biyar ciki har da tattabarun da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga halittar Mareca da aka tashe, nau'ikan guda goma ciki har da masu siyar da shayi da wasu shaye -shaye da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga halittar Spatula da Baikal teal da aka sanya a cikin Halittar monotypic Sibirionetta.

Dabbobi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai nau'ikan halittu 31 da aka sani a cikin jinsi:

Common Name	Scientific name	Distribution
African black duck	Anas sparsa	eastern and southern sub-Saharan Africa from South Africa n north to South Sudan and Ethiopia with outlying populations in western equatorial Africa, in south east Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon.
Yellow-billed duck	Anas undulata	southern and eastern Africa.
Meller's duck	Anas melleri	eastern Madagascar.
Pacific black duck	Anas superciliosa	Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and many islands in the southwestern Pacific, reaching to the Caroline Islands in the north and French Polynesia in the east
Laysan duck	Anas laysanensis	Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian duck	Anas wyvilliana	Hawaiian islands
Philippine duck	Anas luzonica	the Philippines
Indian spot-billed duck	Anas poecilorhyncha	Pakistan and India
Eastern spot-billed duck	Anas zonorhyncha	Southeast Asia
Mallard	Anas platyrhynchos	Alaska to Mexico, the Hawaiian Islands, across Eurasia, from Iceland and southern Greenland and parts of Morocco (North Africa) in the west, Scandinavia and Britain to the north, and to Siberia, Japan, and South Korea, in the east, south-eastern and south-western Australia and New Zealand
Mottled duck	Anas fulvigula	Gulf of Mexico coast between Alabama and Tamaulipas (Mexico) and Florida
American black duck	Anas rubripes	Saskatchewan to the Atlantic in Canada and the Great Lakes and the Adirondacks in the United States
Mexican duck	Anas diazi	Mexico and the southern United States.
Cape teal	Anas capensis	sub-Saharan Africa
White-cheeked pintail	Anas bahamensis	Caribbean, South America, and the Galápagos Islands
Red-billed teal	Anas erythrorhyncha	southern and eastern Africa
Yellow-billed pintail	Anas georgica	South America, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia
Eaton's pintail	Anas eatoni	island groups of Kerguelen and Crozet in the southern Indian Ocean
Northern pintail	Anas acuta	Europe, Asia and North America
Eurasian teal	Anas crecca	northern Eurasia
Green-winged teal	Anas carolinensis	North America except on the Aleutian Islands
Yellow-billed teal	Anas flavirostris	Argentina, the Falkland Islands, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Brazil.
Andean teal	Anas andium (formerly included in A. flavirostris)	Andean highlands of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador
Sunda teal	Anas gibberifrons	Indonesia.
Andaman teal	Anas albogularis (formerly included in A. gibberifrons)	Andaman Islands (India) and Great Coco Island (Burma)
Grey teal	Anas gracilis	Australia and New Zealand
Chestnut teal	Anas castanea	Tasmania and southern Victoria, New Guinea and Lord Howe Island
Bernier's teal	Anas bernieri	Madagascar
Brown teal	Anas chlorotis	New Zealand
Auckland teal	Anas aucklandica	Auckland Islands south of New Zealand
Campbell teal	Anas nesiotis (formerly included in A. aucklandica)	New Zealand

Dabbobi Dabam

†Mariana mallard, Anas oustaleti
†Mascarene teal, Anas theodori
†Chatham Island Duck, Anas chathamica

An sanya shi a cikin Anas :

Duck mai fuka-fuki na tagulla, Speculanas specularis
Duck Crested, Lophonetta specularioides
Baikal teal Sibirionetta formosa
Salvadori ta teal, Salvadorina waigiuensis
jinsuna a cikin halittar Mareca, wigeons (gami da gadwall da duck da ya fadi )
jinsin da ke cikin halittar Spatula, masu shawagi da teals masu alaƙa

Phylogeny[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Cladogram dangane da nazarin Gonzalez da abokan aiki da aka buga a cikin shekara ta 2009.

Rubutun burbushin halittu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An yi bayanin nau'ikan burbushin halittu na Anas. Abokan huldarsu galibi ba a tantance su ba:

† Anas sp. (Marigayi Miocene na China)
† Anas sp. (nau'in matsakaici daga Late Miocene na Rudabánya, Hungary)
Anas amotape (Campbell 1979) (Talara Tar Seeps Late Pleistocene na Peru)
As Anas bunkeri (Wetmore 1944) (Farko -? Middle Pliocene-Early Pleistocene na WC USA) -Nettion ja-da-kore shugaban mayafi?
As Anas cheuen Agnolín 2006 (farkon-tsakiyar Pleistocene na Argentina) Dafila ?
Anas elapsum (Chinchilla Lle Pleistocene na Kogin Condamine, Ostiraliya) ("Nettion")
Anas ganii (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Tchichmiknaia, Moldavia)
Cil Anas gracilipes (Late Pleistocene of Australia) (wataƙila ƙaramin ma'anar Anas castanea )
Anas greeni (Brodkorb 1964) (Ash Hollow Late Miocene? /Early Pliocene na Kudancin Dakota, Amurka) -Nettion ja-da-kore koren launi (shakku)?
Anas itchtucknee McCoy 1963
Anas kisatibiensis [ Anser kisatibiensis ] (farkon Pliocene na Kisatibi, Georgia)
As Anas kurochkini Zelenkov & Panteleyev 2015
Anas lambrechti [ Archaeoquerquedula lambrechti Stephens ; Querquedula lambrechti ; Archeoquerquedula Spillman 1942 ]
As Anas ogallalae (Brodkorb 1962) (Ogallala Late Miocene? /Early Pliocene na Kansas, Amurka) Nettion ja-da-kore kai mai launi (shakku)
Tsibirin Bermuda less Anas pachyscelus Wetmore 1960 (Shore Hills Late Pleistocene na Bermuda, W Atlantic)
As Anas pullulans (Juntura Marigayi Miocene? /Early Pliocene na Juntura, Malheur County, Oregon, Amurka) Punanetta ?
Anas schneideri Emslie 1985 (Late Pleistocene of Little Box Elder Cave, USA)
As Anas sansaniensis Milne-Edwards 1868 [ Dendrocygna sansaniensis (Milne-Edwards 1868) Mlíkovský 1988 ]
Anas strenuum (Late Pleistocene na Patteramordu, Ostiraliya) ("Nettion")

Ruwan tsuntsaye da yawa na tarihi waɗanda ake zaton ɓangare na ƙungiyar Anas a zamanin yau ba a ƙara sanya su cikin wannan nau'in ba, aƙalla ba tare da tabbas ba:

† “Anas” basaltica (Marigayi Oligocene na “Warnsdorf”, Jamhuriyar Czech) a bayyane bakar fata ce .
An "Anas" blanchardi, "A." consobrina, "A." natator yanzu suna cikin Mionetta
An "Anas" creccoides (Early-mid Oligocene of Belgium) "A." risgoviensis (Marigayi Miocene na Bavaria, Jamus) da "A." skalicensis (Miocene na farko na "Skalitz", Jamhuriyar Czech), kodayake mai yiwuwa amsa ce, ba za a iya sanya shi da tabbaci tsakanin tsuntsayen zamani kwata -kwata.
An "Anas" albae (Marigayi Miocene na Polgárdi, Hungary) "A." eppelsheimensis (farkon Pliocene na Eppelsheim, Jamus) "A." isarensis (Marigayi Miocene na Aumeister, Jamus) da "A." luederitzensis (Kalahari Early Miocene na Lüderitzbucht, Namibia) a bayyane Anatidae ne na ƙungiyoyin da ba a sani ba; na farko yana iya zama teku .
† "Anas" integra da "A." oligocaena yanzu suna cikin Dendrochen .
An "Anas" lignitifila daga Marigayi Miocene na Tuscana an koma da shi zuwa ga asalin halittar sa, Bambolinetta, kasancewar baƙon ruwan ruwan da ba a saba gani ba.
An "Anas" robusta yanzu an sanya shi cikin anserobranta .
An "Anas" velox (Tsakiya - Late? Miocene na C Turai) da "A." meyerii (Miocene na tsakiyar Öhningen, Jamus; wataƙila iri ɗaya ne) ba ze zama na Anas ba, kuma suna iya kasancewa agwagi na kakanni.

Babbar matsala, kodayake a mahangar ka'ida, shine sanya moa-nalos . Waɗannan ana iya samun su daga asalin kakannin duck baƙar fata na Pacific, duck Laysan, da mallard, da adadin wasu ba a sani ba. A zahiri, suna iya yin falo a cikin asalin halittar Anas . Koyaya, sabanin waɗannan nau'ikan-waɗanda ke wakiltar wakilcin dabbar dabbar dabbar gabaɗaya -moa-nalos sune mafi ficewa daga bauplan anseriform da kimiyya ta sani. Wannan yana nuna cewa a cikin ma'anar juyin halitta da gaske, takamaiman tsarin ilimin halittar jiki na iya zama da wahala a yi amfani da shi.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}