Anas
| Anas | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Class | Aves |
| Order | Anseriformes (en)  |
| Dangi | Anatidae |
| Subfamily | Anatinae (en)
|
genus (en)  | Anas Linnaeus, 1758
|
Anas asalin halittar ducks ne. Ya haɗa da pintails, yawancin teals, da mallard da dangi na kusa. A baya ya haɗa da ƙarin nau'in amma biyo bayan buga nazarin ilimin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin shekara ta 2009 an raba jinsi zuwa sassa huɗu. Halittar yanzu ta ƙunshi nau'in halittu 31. Sunan Anas shine Latin don "duck".
Tsarin tsari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]FMasanin ilimin halitta Carl Linnaeus dan Sweden ya gabatar da nau'in Anas a cikin shekara ta 1758 a bugu na goma na Systema Naturae. Anas shine kalmar Latin don agwagwa. Halittar a baya ta ƙunshi ƙarin nau'in. A cikin shekara ta 2009 an buga babban binciken ilimin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta wanda aka kwatanta jerin DNA na mitochondrial daga ducks, geese da swans a cikin dangin Anatidae. Sakamakon ya tabbatar da wasu daga cikin ƙananan ƙananan binciken da aka yi a baya kuma ya nuna cewa asalin halittar kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya ba ta monophyletic. Dangane da sakamakon wannan binciken, Anas ya kasu kashi huɗu da aka gabatar na monophyletic genera tare da nau'ikan guda biyar ciki har da tattabarun da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga halittar Mareca da aka tashe, nau'ikan guda goma ciki har da masu siyar da shayi da wasu shaye -shaye da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga halittar Spatula da Baikal teal da aka sanya a cikin Halittar monotypic Sibirionetta.
Dabbobi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai nau'ikan halittu 31 da aka sani a cikin jinsi:
| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| African black duck | Anas sparsa | eastern and southern sub-Saharan Africa from South Africa n north to South Sudan and Ethiopia with outlying populations in western equatorial Africa, in south east Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon. | |
| Yellow-billed duck | Anas undulata | southern and eastern Africa. | |
| Meller's duck | Anas melleri | eastern Madagascar. | |
| Pacific black duck | Anas superciliosa | Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and many islands in the southwestern Pacific, reaching to the Caroline Islands in the north and French Polynesia in the east | |
| Laysan duck | Anas laysanensis | Hawaiian Islands | |
| Hawaiian duck | Anas wyvilliana | Hawaiian islands | |
| Philippine duck | Anas luzonica | the Philippines | |
| Indian spot-billed duck | Anas poecilorhyncha | Pakistan and India | |
| Eastern spot-billed duck | Anas zonorhyncha | Southeast Asia | |
| Mallard | Anas platyrhynchos | Alaska to Mexico, the Hawaiian Islands, across Eurasia, from Iceland and southern Greenland and parts of Morocco (North Africa) in the west, Scandinavia and Britain to the north, and to Siberia, Japan, and South Korea, in the east, south-eastern and south-western Australia and New Zealand | |
| Mottled duck | Anas fulvigula | Gulf of Mexico coast between Alabama and Tamaulipas (Mexico) and Florida | |
| American black duck | Anas rubripes | Saskatchewan to the Atlantic in Canada and the Great Lakes and the Adirondacks in the United States | |
| Mexican duck | Anas diazi | Mexico and the southern United States. | |
| Cape teal | Anas capensis | sub-Saharan Africa | |
| White-cheeked pintail | Anas bahamensis | Caribbean, South America, and the Galápagos Islands | |
| Red-billed teal | Anas erythrorhyncha | southern and eastern Africa | |
| Yellow-billed pintail | Anas georgica | South America, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia | |
| Eaton's pintail | Anas eatoni | island groups of Kerguelen and Crozet in the southern Indian Ocean | |
| Northern pintail | Anas acuta | Europe, Asia and North America | |
| Eurasian teal | Anas crecca | northern Eurasia | |
| Green-winged teal | Anas carolinensis | North America except on the Aleutian Islands | |
| Yellow-billed teal | Anas flavirostris | Argentina, the Falkland Islands, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Brazil. | |
| Andean teal | Anas andium (formerly included in A. flavirostris) | Andean highlands of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador | |
| Sunda teal | Anas gibberifrons | Indonesia. | |
| Andaman teal | Anas albogularis (formerly included in A. gibberifrons) | Andaman Islands (India) and Great Coco Island (Burma) | |
| Grey teal | Anas gracilis | Australia and New Zealand | |
| Chestnut teal | Anas castanea | Tasmania and southern Victoria, New Guinea and Lord Howe Island | |
| Bernier's teal | Anas bernieri | Madagascar | |
| Brown teal | Anas chlorotis | New Zealand | |
| Auckland teal | Anas aucklandica | Auckland Islands south of New Zealand | |
| Campbell teal | Anas nesiotis (formerly included in A. aucklandica) | New Zealand |
Dabbobi Dabam
- †Mariana mallard, Anas oustaleti
- †Mascarene teal, Anas theodori
- †Chatham Island Duck, Anas chathamica
An sanya shi a cikin Anas :
- Duck mai fuka-fuki na tagulla, Speculanas specularis
- Duck Crested, Lophonetta specularioides
- Baikal teal Sibirionetta formosa
- Salvadori ta teal, Salvadorina waigiuensis
- jinsuna a cikin halittar Mareca, wigeons (gami da gadwall da duck da ya fadi )
- jinsin da ke cikin halittar Spatula, masu shawagi da teals masu alaƙa
Phylogeny
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cladogram dangane da nazarin Gonzalez da abokan aiki da aka buga a cikin shekara ta 2009.
Rubutun burbushin halittu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An yi bayanin nau'ikan burbushin halittu na Anas. Abokan huldarsu galibi ba a tantance su ba:
- † Anas sp. (Marigayi Miocene na China)
- † Anas sp. (nau'in matsakaici daga Late Miocene na Rudabánya, Hungary)
- Anas amotape (Campbell 1979) (Talara Tar Seeps Late Pleistocene na Peru)
- As Anas bunkeri (Wetmore 1944) (Farko -? Middle Pliocene-Early Pleistocene na WC USA) -Nettion ja-da-kore shugaban mayafi?
- As Anas cheuen Agnolín 2006 (farkon-tsakiyar Pleistocene na Argentina) Dafila ?
- Anas elapsum (Chinchilla Lle Pleistocene na Kogin Condamine, Ostiraliya) ("Nettion")
- Anas ganii (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Tchichmiknaia, Moldavia)
- Cil Anas gracilipes (Late Pleistocene of Australia) (wataƙila ƙaramin ma'anar Anas castanea )
- Anas greeni (Brodkorb 1964) (Ash Hollow Late Miocene? /Early Pliocene na Kudancin Dakota, Amurka) -Nettion ja-da-kore koren launi (shakku)?
- Anas itchtucknee McCoy 1963
- Anas kisatibiensis [ Anser kisatibiensis ] (farkon Pliocene na Kisatibi, Georgia)
- As Anas kurochkini Zelenkov & Panteleyev 2015
- Anas lambrechti [ Archaeoquerquedula lambrechti Stephens ; Querquedula lambrechti ; Archeoquerquedula Spillman 1942 ]
- As Anas ogallalae (Brodkorb 1962) (Ogallala Late Miocene? /Early Pliocene na Kansas, Amurka) Nettion ja-da-kore kai mai launi (shakku)
- Tsibirin Bermuda less Anas pachyscelus Wetmore 1960 (Shore Hills Late Pleistocene na Bermuda, W Atlantic)
- As Anas pullulans (Juntura Marigayi Miocene? /Early Pliocene na Juntura, Malheur County, Oregon, Amurka) Punanetta ?
- Anas schneideri Emslie 1985 (Late Pleistocene of Little Box Elder Cave, USA)
- As Anas sansaniensis Milne-Edwards 1868 [ Dendrocygna sansaniensis (Milne-Edwards 1868) Mlíkovský 1988 ]
- Anas strenuum (Late Pleistocene na Patteramordu, Ostiraliya) ("Nettion")
Ruwan tsuntsaye da yawa na tarihi waɗanda ake zaton ɓangare na ƙungiyar Anas a zamanin yau ba a ƙara sanya su cikin wannan nau'in ba, aƙalla ba tare da tabbas ba:
- † “Anas” basaltica (Marigayi Oligocene na “Warnsdorf”, Jamhuriyar Czech) a bayyane bakar fata ce .
- An "Anas" blanchardi, "A." consobrina, "A." natator yanzu suna cikin Mionetta
- An "Anas" creccoides (Early-mid Oligocene of Belgium) "A." risgoviensis (Marigayi Miocene na Bavaria, Jamus) da "A." skalicensis (Miocene na farko na "Skalitz", Jamhuriyar Czech), kodayake mai yiwuwa amsa ce, ba za a iya sanya shi da tabbaci tsakanin tsuntsayen zamani kwata -kwata.
- An "Anas" albae (Marigayi Miocene na Polgárdi, Hungary) "A." eppelsheimensis (farkon Pliocene na Eppelsheim, Jamus) "A." isarensis (Marigayi Miocene na Aumeister, Jamus) da "A." luederitzensis (Kalahari Early Miocene na Lüderitzbucht, Namibia) a bayyane Anatidae ne na ƙungiyoyin da ba a sani ba; na farko yana iya zama teku .
- † "Anas" integra da "A." oligocaena yanzu suna cikin Dendrochen .
- An "Anas" lignitifila daga Marigayi Miocene na Tuscana an koma da shi zuwa ga asalin halittar sa, Bambolinetta, kasancewar baƙon ruwan ruwan da ba a saba gani ba.
- An "Anas" robusta yanzu an sanya shi cikin anserobranta .
- An "Anas" velox (Tsakiya - Late? Miocene na C Turai) da "A." meyerii (Miocene na tsakiyar Öhningen, Jamus; wataƙila iri ɗaya ne) ba ze zama na Anas ba, kuma suna iya kasancewa agwagi na kakanni.
Babbar matsala, kodayake a mahangar ka'ida, shine sanya moa-nalos . Waɗannan ana iya samun su daga asalin kakannin duck baƙar fata na Pacific, duck Laysan, da mallard, da adadin wasu ba a sani ba. A zahiri, suna iya yin falo a cikin asalin halittar Anas . Koyaya, sabanin waɗannan nau'ikan-waɗanda ke wakiltar wakilcin dabbar dabbar dabbar gabaɗaya -moa-nalos sune mafi ficewa daga bauplan anseriform da kimiyya ta sani. Wannan yana nuna cewa a cikin ma'anar juyin halitta da gaske, takamaiman tsarin ilimin halittar jiki na iya zama da wahala a yi amfani da shi.[ana buƙatar hujja]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin tsuntsayen da suka mutu kwanan nan
- Late Quaternary prehistoric tsuntsaye
- Jerin jigon tsuntsaye
Nassoshi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hanyoyin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Media related to Anas at Wikimedia Commons- Samfuri:Wikispecies-inline
