Canjin Adalci

Canjin Adalci
political concept (en)

Mai zanga-zanga a Melbourne yana kira da a sami canji na adalci

Canjin Adalci, wani tsari ne wanda kungiyar kwadago ta kirkira, don killace masu tsoma bakin zamantakewar da ake buƙata don tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin ma'aikata da rayuwar su lokacin da tattalin arziƙi ke canzawa zuwa samar da mai ɗorewa, musamman yaƙi da canjin yanayi da kuma kare halittu masu yawa. Gwamnatoci a wurare daban-daban sun amince da shi a ƙasashe daban-daban, gami da Laborungiyar Laborasashen Duniya (ILO), Conungiyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) a Yarjejeniyar Paris, da Taron Yankin Katowice (COP24) da Tarayyar Turai.

Inji

Ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, kalmar canjin adalci tana bayyana miƙa mulki zuwa yanayi mai juriya da ƙaramar tattalin arziƙin wanda ke haɓaka fa'idodin aikin sauyin yanayi tare da rage wahala ga ma'aikata da al'ummominsu. Dangane da kungiyar ta Duniya, bukatun da kuma ke da alaƙa da tsarin Mulki zai bambanta a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, ko da yake manyan manufofi waɗanda ƙasashe ke buƙatar aiwatar da su, gami da:

• Sa hannun jari mai kyau a cikin ƙananan fitarwa da kuma wadatattun kamfanoni da fasahohi. Dole ne a aiwatar da waɗannan saka hannun jari ta hanyar yin shawarwari yadda ya kamata tare da duk waɗanda abin ya shafa, game da haƙƙoƙin ɗan Adam da na aiki, da ƙa'idodin Aiki.
• Tattaunawar zamantakewar jama'a da shawarwarin dimokiradiyya na abokan zamantakewar (kungiyoyin kwadago da ma'aikata) da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki (watau al'ummomi).
• Bincike da kimantawa na farko game da tasirin zamantakewa da aiki na manufofin yanayi. Horarwa da haɓaka ƙwarewa, waɗanda sune mabuɗin don tallafawa ƙaddamar da sababbin fasahohi da haɓaka haɓakar masana'antu.
• Kariyar jama'a, tare da manufofin kasuwar aiki mai aiki.
• Shirye-shiryen fadada tattalin arziƙin cikin gida wanda ke tallafawa ingantaccen aiki da samar da kwanciyar hankali tsakanin al'umma yayin miƙa mulki. Bai kamata a bar al'ummu da kansu don gudanar da tasirin sauyin ba saboda wannan ba zai haifar da daidaitaccen rarar kuɗi da fa'idodi ba.

Manufofin yanayi da yarjejeniyar canjin yanayi ta duniya sun kafa mizani na tattalin arziki mai tsafta. A cikin aikin, bangarori kamar makamashi, masana'antu, aikin gona, da gandun daji, wadanda ke daukar miliyoyin ma'aikata, dole ne su sake tsari. Akwai damuwa cewa lokutan canjin tsarin tattalin arziki da suka gabata sun bar ma’aikata na yau da kullun, danginsu, da al’ummominsu don ɗaukar nauyin sauyawa zuwa sabbin hanyoyin samar da arziki, wanda ke haifar da rashin aikin yi, talauci, da keɓancewa ga masu aiki, ya bambanta da masu kasuwanci waɗanda ke da ikon iya miƙa mulki.

Canjin Adalci yana magance wannan damuwa ta hanyar haɓaka ayyuka masu ɗorewa waɗanda ke taimakawa ma'aikata. Haɗa adalci da zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar Canjin ka'ida yana nufin bin buƙatun ga ma'aikatan kwal a yankuna masu tasowa masu dogaro da kwal waɗanda ba su da damar aikin yi sama da kwal; iska ga ma'aikata a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa waɗanda ke buƙatar kasonsu na "rabon masana'antu"; adalci ga waɗanda ke barin gidajensu yayin da matakan teku ke hawa da mamaye yankuna na gabar teku da tsibirai sakamakon sauyin yanayi; adalci ga jama'ar da gurɓatacciyar iska da tasirin muhalli ya shafa.

Ma'anar da juyin halitta

Kungiyoyin kwadagon Arewacin Amurka ne suka fara kirkirar kalmar Just Transition Now ''kawai mika yanzu'' a cikin shekarun 1990 don bayyana tsarin tallafi ga ma'aikata marasa aikin yi saboda manufofin kiyaye muhalli. Ana iya ɗaukar ra'ayin a matsayin aikace-aikacen muhalli na sauya tattalin arziki, wanda aka haɓaka a cikin 1980 lokacin da masu gwagwarmayar yaƙi da yaƙi suka nemi ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tare da ma'aikatan soji kuma su ba su jari a cikin tattalin arzikin zaman lafiya.

Daya daga cikin wadanda suka gabatar da ra'ayin shi ne Tony Mazzocchi:

In the early 1990s, following the confirmation of fossil fuel-caused global warming, Mazzocchi revived the idea, calling it a “Superfund for workers” – a play on the recently-established Superfund for toxic cleanup. The Superfund for workers would provide financial support and an opportunity for higher education for workers displaced by environmental protection policies. As Mazzocchi put it in 1993, “There is a Superfund for dirt. There ought to be one for workers.” [...] Those who work with toxic materials on a daily basis in order to provide the world with the energy and the materials it needs “deserve a helping hand to make a new start in life.” [...] “Later environmentalists complained that the word superfund had too many negative connotations, and the name of the plan was changed to Just Transition.” In a 1995 speech, Leopold laid out the Superfund for workers/Just Transition proposal. “The basis for Just Transition is the simple principle of equity.” No toxic-related worker should be asked “to pay a disproportionate tax — in the form of losing his or her job — to achieve the goals” of environmental protection. Instead, “These costs should be fairly distributed across society.”

An bayyana cigaban kalmar a cikin wata kasida da Jaridar Duniya kan Binciken Kwadago ta wallafa:

In 1998, a Canadian union activist, Brian Kohler, published what was going to become one of the first mentions of the Just Transition concept in a union newsletter. It constituted an attempt to reconcile the union movement’s efforts to provide workers with decent jobs and the need to protect the environment. As Kohler had clearly stated previously: “The real choice is not jobs or environment. It is both or neither.”

In ten years, the union movement perception of environmental challenges has evolved and with it the definition, boundaries and scope of the “just transition” needed. Today, “Just Transition” can be understood as the conceptual framework in which the labour movement captures the complexities of the transition towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy, highlighting public policy needs and aiming to maximize benefits and minimize hardships for workers and their communities in this transformation.

In a document prepared by the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), Just Transition is defined as a “tool the trade union movement shares with the international community, aimed at smoothing the shift towards a more sustainable society and providing hope for the capacity of a green economy to sustain decent jobs and livelihoods for all” (ITUC, 2009b).

It is important to note that Just Transition is a supporting mechanism of climate action, and not inaction. Just Transition is not in opposition to, but complements environmental policies. This comforts the idea that environmental and social policies are not contradictory but, on the contrary, can reinforce each other.

This approach to the Just Transition concept was unanimously adopted at the 2nd ITUC Congress, in 2010, when the Congress declared “Just Transition” to be “the” approach to fight climate change:

Congress is committed to promoting an integrated approach to sustainable development through a just transition where social progress, environmental protection and economic needs are brought into a framework of democratic governance, where labour and other human rights are respected and gender equality achieved (ITUC, 2010).

Other Global Union Federations, representing workers in specific economic sectors, joined this policy approach. The International Transport workers’ Federation (ITF) adopted, at its 2010 Congress, a resolution stating that “while the urgent adoption of these policies is vital to tackle climate change, the ITF and its affiliates must defend the interests of transport workers by fighting to ensure that these policies are implemented in a way which protects jobs and creates new ones through a process of just transition” (ITF, 2010). Federations of industrial workers have also voiced their positions on Just Transition. The International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers’ Unions (ICEM), for example, states that “with a Just Transition, we can build a public consensus to move towards more sustainable production” (ICEM, 2009).

The Just Transition framework is a package of policy proposals which addresses the different aspects related to the vulnerability of workers and their communities: uncertainties regarding job impacts, risks of job losses, risks of undemocratic decision-making processes, risks of regional or local economic downturn, among others.

Fadada amfani

Alamar "Just Transition Now" a Minneapolis, Minnesota, taron gangamin yanayi