Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro
Maleriya Cuta ce wadda sauro ke haifarwa, ita dai Cutar ta kasance sauro ne ke yada ta, a tsakanin mutane da sauran dabbobi daga kwayoyin cutar protozoans (wata kwayar cutar ce wadda ba'a gani da idanu ba tare da amfani na na'urar ganin kwayoyin halittu) ta yanayin Plasmodium .[1] Alamomin zazzabi sun hada da janti, gajiya, amai da ciwon kai. Idan ya yi tsanani yana haddasa fata ta zama ruwan korawa, sankamewar jiki, suma ko mutuwa.[2] Wadan nan alamomi na bayyana kwanaki goma zuwa sha biyar bayan cizon sauro. Ga wadanda ba su sami magani sosai ba cutar na iya dawowa bayan wasu watanni.[1] Ga wadanda suka rayu bayan sun kamu, sake kamuwa na iya haifar da alamomi marasa tsanani. Wannan juriya ta takaitaccen lokaci na dacewa a cikin watanni zuwa shekaru idan ba'a sami sake kamuwa da zazzabi ba.[2]
Yawanci, cutar na yaduwa daga cizon tamatar sauro mai dauke da cutar wato sauro Anopheles. Wannan cizon shi ya kan shigar da kwayar cutar daga yawun sauron zuwa cikin jini na mutum.[1] Sai kuma kwayar cutar ta tafi zuwa hanta inda za ta balaga kuma ta hayayyafa. Mutane na iya harbuwa kuma su yada jinsi biyar na Plasmodium.[2] Sanadi na yawaicin mutuwa sababinta daga P. falciparum tare da P. vivax, P. ovale, da P. malariae waɗanda ke haifar da yanayin zazzabi sassauƙa.[1][2] Jinsin P. knowlesi bai cika haifar da cutuka ga mutane ba.[1] Ana maganin zazzabi ta hanyar nazarin jini da madubin likita da amfani da hotunan jini, ko kuma da fasaha mai gano kwayar cuta antigen wato gwaje-gwajen gaggawa domin magani.[2] Hanyar gwaji mai amfani da jerin alamomi ta polymerase domin gano DNA na kwayar cutar ana samar da ita, amma ba'a cika amfani da ita ba a sassan da cutar zazzabi ta zama game-gari sabo da tsadarsa da kuma wahala.[3]
Za'a iya rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar hana cizon sauro ta amafni da gidan sauro da magani mai korar sauro, ko ta yin amfani da matakai na hana yaduwar sauro kamar feshin maganin sauro da kuma hana kwanciyar ruwa.[2] Akwai magunguna masu yawa domin kare zazzabi daga matafiya zuwa shiyyoyin da cutar ta zama ruwan-dare. Shan magani akai-akai sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine na da matuƙar kyau ga yara da kuma bayan wata uku na farko na samun ciki a shiyyoyi da aka fi samun zazzabi. Duk da bukatar da ake da ita, babu wata ingantacciyar allura da ake da ita, duk da cewa ƙoƙarin samar da wata na ci gaba.[1] Maganin zazzabi da ka bayar da shawara a kansa hadi ne da maganin zazzaɓi wanda ya haɗa da artemisinin.[1][2] Magani na biyu na iya zama mefloquine, lumefantrine, ko sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.[4] Za'a iya amfani da Quinine tare da doxycycline idan ba'a sami artemisinin ba.[4] Kuma ana bayar da shawara cewa a wuraren da cutar ta zama ruwan-dare, idan zai yiwu, a tabbatar da zazzabin cizon sauron kafin a fara bayar da magani sabo da damuwar da ake da ita ta wajen karuwar bijirewa magani da cutar ke yi. Bijirewa na karuwa ga yawaicin magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro; misali, bijirewa chloroquine P. falciparum ya yadu a yankuna masu zazzabin cizon sauro, kuma bijirewa artemisinin ya zama matsala a wasu sassa na Kudancin Asia.[1]
Cutar ta fi yaduwa a wurare masu zafin yanayi da kuma bangarori da kusa da wurin zafi wadan da ke kusa da inda layin equator ya keta.[2] Wannan ya hada da mafi yawan kusa da Saharar Afirka, Asia, da Latin America. gungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa a shekarar 2012, an sami matsalar zazzabin cizon sauro miliyan 207. A wannan shekarar, an ƙiyasta cewa cutar ta hallaka a ƙalla tsakanin mutane miliyan 473,000 da mutane 789,000, mafi yawansu yara a nahiyar Afirka.[1] Yawanci a kan alaƙanta cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da talauci kuma ya na shafar haɓakar tattalin arziki.[5][6] A nahiyar Afirka an ƙiyasta cewa ya jawo asarar Dalar Amurka biliyan 12 a shekara sabo da ƙaruwar tsadar kiwon lafiya, rashin samun damar yin aiki da kuma illoli ga yawon buɗe-idanu.[7]
Cutar Maleriya a Kasar Hausa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cutar Malariya wani cutar da aka samu kuma yana da muhimmanci a cikin kasashen Afrika. Malariya tana da sabon cutarwa da aka kira cutar da aka fi sani da "plasmodium" a matsayin "parasite" a cikin damar. Cutar Malariya zai zamo dalilin samun mutum a kan tsaro da kuma a kan ciki.
A Hausa, Cutar Malariya an samu kamar "Rashin Tsuntsaye" ko "Rashin Tsuntsa". Wadanda ke da shakka a kan cutar Malariya aka yin kira da suna "Tsuntsaye" ko "Tsuntsa" saboda rashin tsuntsaye da aka samu a cikin cutar. Saboda haka, Cutar Malariya na Hausa yana da alamun tsari da kuma alamun kwayoyi da ke da muhimmanci a cikin zamaninmu.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Malaria Fact sheet N°94". WHO. March 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Caraballo, Hector (May 2014). "Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus". Emergency Medicine Practice. 16 (5).
- ↑ Nadjm B, Behrens RH (2012). "Malaria: An update for physicians". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 26 (2): 243–59. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010. PMID 22632637.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Organization, World Health (2010). Guidelines for the treatment of malaria (2nd ed. ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. p. ix. ISBN 9789241547925.CS1 maint: extra text (link)
- ↑ Gollin D, Zimmermann C (August 2007). Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences (PDF) (Report). Institute for the Study of Labor.
- ↑ Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K (2005). "Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature". Tropical Health and Medicine. 10 (10): 1047–59. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x. PMID 16185240.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA (2005). "Malaria". Lancet. 365 (9469): 1487–98. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3. PMID 15850634.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
