Dazuzzuka na bakin teku na Arewacin California

Dazuzzuka na bakin teku na Arewacin California
	WWF ecoregion (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Wuri

dazuzzukan da ke bakin tekun Arewacin California sune gandun daji masu tsayi na yankin Arewacin California da kudu maso yammacin Oregon.

Saitawa

Yankin ya rufe kilomita 13,300 (5,100 sq , wanda ya kai daga arewacin iyakar California-Oregon kudu, zuwa kudancin Monterey County. Yankin ecoregion yana da wuya ya kai fiye da kilomita 65 daga cikin ƙasa daga bakin teku, ya fi ƙanƙanta a cikin sassan kudancin yankin ecoregions.

Yankin ya rufe kilomita 13,300 (5,100 sq , wanda ya kai daga arewacin iyakar California-Oregon kudu, zuwa kudancin Monterey County. Yankin ecoregion yana da wuya ya kai fiye da kilomita 65 daga cikin ƙasa daga bakin teku, ya fi ƙanƙanta a cikin sassan kudancin yankin ecoregions. ecoregion wani yanki ne na gandun daji na Pacific, wanda ya kai ga Tekun Pacific zuwa Tsibirin Kodiak a Alaska. Yankin yana kusa da Tekun Pacific, kuma ana kiyaye shi da ruwa ta hanyar hadari na Tekun Pacific a lokacin watanni na hunturu, da kuma hazo na bakin teku a cikin watanni na rani. Wadannan dalilai suna kiyaye yankin da ya fi sanyi a lokacin rani kuma ya fi zafi a cikin hunturu, idan aka kwatanta da yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa. Har ila yau, an bayyana yankin ta hanyar rarraba Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), tare da bishiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke cikin kariya har zuwa kudu kamar Redwood Gulch, a kudancin Monterey County. Mafi yawan sauran gandun daji na Tsohon Girma suna cikin yankin arewacin yankin, da farko a cikin yankunan Humboldt da Del Norte.

Manyan cibiyoyin birane da ke cikin wannan yankin sun haɗa da yankunan tsaunuka na birane daban-daban na San Francisco Peninsula, Fort Bragg, Eureka, da Brookings.

Gidajen zama

Redwood gandun daji suna haɗuwa da wasu al'ummomin shuke-shuke da yawa a duk wannan yankin. ^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span>]}

dazuzzuka na bakin teku

Babban nau'in gandun daji a cikin wannan yankin shine gandun daji na bakin teku. Waɗannan su ne gandun daji mafi tsayi a Duniya, tare da itatuwan redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) da suka kai tsawo na 100 metres (330 ft) . Wadannan gandun daji galibi ana samun su a wuraren da ke fuskantar hazo na bakin teku. A arewa, suna faruwa a kan gangaren tsaunuka, a yankunan kogi, da kuma a kan kogin kogi. A kudu, inda ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya fi ƙasa, an ƙuntata su zuwa koguna da raƙuman ruwa. Kogin Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesi i) kusan koyaushe suna da alaƙa da redwoods, amma a arewacin gandun daji na iya haɗawa da Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), yammacin hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) da yammacin ja cedar (Thuja plicata). Kamar bakin tekun Douglas-fir, tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) sau da yawa yana nan. Sauran katako sun hada da California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), ja alder (Alnus rubra), madrone (Arbutus menziesii), da kuma bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum). Inuwa mai zurfi da aka jefa ta redwoods sau da yawa yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙasa, amma nau'in da ke jure inuwa sun haɗa da thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus), redwood sorrel (Oxalis oregana), elk clover (Aralia californica), dwarf Oregon grape (Mahonia nervosa), salal (Gaultheria shallon), da ferns da yawa, kamar deer fern (Blechnum spicant), sword fern (Polystichum mun), da leathery scoypody (Polum). ^[1]

Kayan daji masu tsayi

Ana samun gandun daji masu tsayi a cikin gandun daji na redwood, a kan ƙasa na Franciscan Assembly wanda ke samun ruwan sama mai matsakaici zuwa mai girma. Bishiyoyi iri-iri ne na nau'o'in allurar da ke da ganye mai zurfi. Bishiyoyi na musamman sun haɗa da Douglas-fir na bakin teku (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesiu), itacen oak mai rai (Quercus chrysolepis), tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus), madrone (Arbutus menziesii i), California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), da kuma chinquapin na zinariya (Chrysolepis chrysophylla). Yankin shuke-shuke yana da yawa kuma ya bambanta; hazel mai baki (Corylus cornuta), huckleberry mai kore (Vaccinium ovatum), Pacific rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum), salal (Gaultheria shallon), Sadler's oak (Quercus sadleriana), dwarf Oregon-grape (Mahonia nervosa), da kuma oak mai guba (Toxicodendron diversilobum) galibi ana samun su.^[2]

Kudancin conifer da gandun daji

Ana samun gandun daji na conifer a cikin ƙananan, wuraren da aka warwatsa a ko'ina cikin yankin, yawanci kusa da chaparral na teku. Pine na yau da kullun sune pine na lodgepole (Pinus contorta), pine na bishop (Pinus muricata), pine na Monterey (Pinus radiata), da pine na knobcone (Pinus attenuata). Wadannan gandun daji na iya zama gida ga wasu bishiyoyi masu yawa, gami da Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), Gowen cypress (Cupressus goveniana), da Santa Cruz cypress (Cupressus abramsiana). Nau'o'in shuke-shuke sun haɗa da manzanita glossyleaf (Arctostaphylos nummularia), shayi na Labrador (Rhododendron groenlandicum), huckleberry mai laushi (Vaccinium ovatum), salal (Gaultheria shallon), Pacific rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum), da California bayberry (Myrica californica). Yanayin ƙasa wani lokacin yana sa waɗannan gandun daji su ɗauki nau'in pygmy. Lichens da mosses sun bambanta kuma suna iya zama da yawa.^[3]

Chaparral na teku

Chaparral na teku ya ƙunshi shrubs iri-iri waɗanda ke girma a cikin belin hazo. Nau'o'in manzanita (Arctostaphylos) da Ceanothus sun zama ruwan dare a cikin gida. Nau'in Manzanita sun haɗa da manzanita (Arctostaphylos tomentosa), manzanita glossyleaf (Arctostaphylos nummularia), manzanite na Hooker (Arctostostaphylus hookeri), pajaro manzanita ("Arctostaphylos pajaroensis), Montara manzanita "Arctosta phylos montaraensis", da sauransu. Gasquet manzanita (Arctostaphylos hispidula) yana faruwa a kudancin Oregon. Daga cikin Ceanothus, ceanothus mai gashi (Ceanothus oliganthus) ya zama ruwan dare, yayin da Mason's ceanothis (Ceanothus masonii), Carmel ceanoths (Ceanothus griseus), da wart-stem ceanothos (Ceanothus verrucosus) sune yankunan gida. Sauran bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi da aka yadu sun hada da chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fascicula tum), black sage (Salvia mellifera), coffeeberry (Rhamnus californica), buckthorn (Rhamnus crocea), da kuma oak mai rai na bakin teku (Quercus agrifolia). Wannan mazaunin sau da yawa ana samunsa kusa da gandun daji da gandun dajin da aka rufe.^[4]

Yankin ciyawa na bakin teku

Yankin *Iris douglasiana* a Point ReyesSarakuna na Mahimmanci

Yankunan da ke bakin teku na arewa, ko filayen bakin teku, galibi ana samun su a ƙasa da ƙafa 1,000 (300 a kan tsaunuka na bakin teku ko tsaunuka. A wuraren da aka kashe wuta, tsire-tsire masu tsire-shuke na bakin teku sun mamaye. Ciyawa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da bentgrass (Agrostis spp.), California brome (Bromus carinatus), Nootka reedgrass (Calamagrostis nutkaensis), California oatgrass (Danthonia californica), ja fescue (Festuca rubra), Idaho fescue, tufted hair-grass (Bromis caespitosa), prairie Junegrass (Koeleria macrantha), tall trisetuem (Trisetum canescens). Forbs na yau da kullun sun haɗa da Douglas iris (Iris douglasiana), ciyawa mai launin shudi na yamma (Sisyrinchium bellum), gumplant mai gashi (Grindelia hirsutula), da sawun bazara (Sanicula arctopoides). ^[5]

Yankin bakin teku

Yankin da ke bakin tekun arewa ya ƙunshi wuraren da aka samo a tsaunuka a ƙasa da ƙafa 1,500 (460 a kan bluffs, terraces, dunes, da tuddai kusa da bakin tekun. Wannan mazaunin sau da yawa yana ƙarƙashin iska da hazo na teku. Shrubs galibi suna da kore, ƙananan ganye, da sclerophyllous. Halin jinsuna sun hada da coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis), yellow bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus), blueblossom (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus), seaide woolly sunflower (Eriophyllum stoechadifolium), sticky monkey-flower (Mimulus aurantiacus), poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum), California blackberry (Rubus urthum), westernishl (Rubus), thimbleberry (Rus), (Rubus parviflorus), (Hubercuscuscuscus), Western Colum), Polon (Ruscuscuscus). Yankin ciyawa na bakin teku ya yi nasara ga tsire-tsire na bakin teku ba tare da wuta ba, kuma tsire-tire na bakin tekun ya yi nasara a cikin gandun daji mai tsire-shire a ƙarƙashin rashin wuta.^[6]

Yankunan da ke bakin teku da kuma wuraren da ba su da kyau

Yankunan da ke cikin kogi da shrublands sune mosaic na al'ummomin shuke-shuke masu rinjaye da bishiyoyi masu budewa da aka samu a gefen koguna. Abubuwan da ke tattare da jinsuna sun bambanta da tsawo, gangara, faɗin ambaliyar ruwa, da tarihin ambaliyar. Duk da haka, itatuwa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da farin alder (Alnus rhombifolia), ja alder (Alnus rubra), akwatin dattijo (Acer negundo), Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), ja willow (Salix laevigata), bakin tekun Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzii var. menziesii), California sycamore (Platanus racemosa), itacen oak mai rai (Quercus agrifolia), da kuma babban leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum). Shrubs na yau da kullun sun haɗa da sandbar willow (Salix exigua) da arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis). ^[7]

Yankunan itacen oak da savannah

Yankunan oak masu rai da savannah sun mamaye itacen oak mai rai (Quercus agrifolia). Rufin rufi ya bambanta daga gandun daji mai yawa zuwa gandun daji. A cikin gandun daji, California blackberry (Rubus ursinus), creeping snowberry (Symphoricarpos mollis), toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), da poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum) sun zama ruwan dare a cikin understory.^[8]

dazuzzukan pine na Ponderosa

Wasu daga cikin gandun daji mafi ƙarancin da ke faruwa a wannan yankin bakin teku sune gandun daji na Maritime Coast Range Ponderosa Pine, misali wanda ke faruwa a cikin ruwan Carbonera Creek na Santa Cruz County, California. Wadannan gandun daji sun mamaye Pine ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa). ^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span>]}

Yankunan da aka kare

Dubi kuma

Jerin yankuna a Amurka (WWF)
Dajin Cedar hemlock da ke cikin douglas-fir

manazarta

↑ "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Coastal Redwood Forest". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
↑ "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - Mediterranean California Mixed Evergreen Forest". NatureServe. Retrieved 26 November 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Coastal Closed-Cone Conifer Forest and Woodland". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
↑ "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Maritime Chaparral". NatureServe. Retrieved 26 November 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Northern Coastal Grassland". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
↑ "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Northern Coastal Scrub". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
↑ "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - Mediterranean California Foothill and Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
↑ "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Coastal Live Oak Woodland and Savanna". NatureServe. Retrieved 26 November 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}

Haɗin waje

Asusun Sempervirens
Hotunan gandun daji na Arewacin California a bioimages.vanderbilt.edu (slow modem version)
Conifers na Arewa maso Yammacin California

[1] "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Coastal Redwood Forest". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 26 November 2012.

[2] "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - Mediterranean California Mixed Evergreen Forest". NatureServe. Retrieved 26 November 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}

[3] "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Coastal Closed-Cone Conifer Forest and Woodland". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved 26 November 2012.

[4] "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Maritime Chaparral". NatureServe. Retrieved 26 November 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}

[5] "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Northern Coastal Grassland". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved 26 November 2012.

[6] "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Northern Coastal Scrub". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved 26 November 2012.

[7] "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - Mediterranean California Foothill and Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland". NatureServe. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23. Retrieved 26 November 2012.

[8] "Comprehensive Report Ecological System - California Coastal Live Oak Woodland and Savanna". NatureServe. Retrieved 26 November 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}

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