Dinarin Kissi
 Dinarin Kissi |
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Kissi penny, wanda kuma ake ganin an rubuta shi azaman kissy ko kisi dinari ko kuma aka sani da guenze, koli, da kilindi, wani kuɗin ƙarfe ne da aka yi a Saliyo wanda ya yadu a kusa da samar da shi tsakanin Gbandi (Bandi), Gola, Kissi, Kpelle ., Loma, Mandinka da Mende da sauran mutanen Laberiya, Saliyo, da Guinea-Conakry .
Asalin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]'Yan Afirka ta Yamma daga yankin Laberiya na zamani da Saliyo sun yi amfani da ƙarfe a matsayin ciniki mai kyau da ƙima na dogon lokaci. Aikin ƙarfe ya haɓaka a yankin ta ca. 600 KZ kuma yana da inganci sosai. Ko da a zamanin farko na zamani, ƙarfe da ƙarfe na Yammacin Afirka cikin sauƙi sun wuce ingancin ƙarfe na Turai. Duk da haka, ƙarancin man fetur da ake samu yana nufin cewa ƙarfe na yammacin Afirka yana da tsada idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe na Turai.
Bayanan Portuguese sun nuna cewa tafiye-tafiyen jirgin ruwa a farkon karni na sha shida yana dauke da sandunan ƙarfe a cikin kasuwancin da ke tafiya zuwa arewa. A lokacin cinikin bayi a yankin, sandunan ƙarfe sune ma'auni na biyan kuɗi da dukiya. [1] Babu wani dalili da za a yarda cewa waɗannan abubuwa an siffa su kamar dinari na kissi. Maimakon haka, da alama an fara kera kuɗin ne ta takamaiman nau'in dinari na kissi a kusa da 1880.
Zagayawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Godiya ga kasuwanci da ayyukan ruwa na mutanen yankin, musamman tsabar kudin Kru kissi ya yadu a gabar tekun Yamma da Afirka ta Tsakiya . Bayanan tarihi ba su lura da amfani da wannan kudin ba kafin shekaru na ƙarshe na karni na sha tara (c. 1880) kuma sun ci gaba da amfani da su a matsayin kuɗi har sai an maye gurbinsu da kudaden mulkin mallaka a hankali, amma har zuwa 1940 a Saliyo har ma da marigayi. shekarun 1980 a Laberiya.
Samarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Smiths sun yi kissi pennies ta hanyar dogayen sanduna, tare da "T" a gefe ɗaya (wanda ake kira nling ko "kunne"), da wani nau'i na ruwa, ba kamar fartanya a ɗayan ƙarshen ba (wanda ake kira kodo ko "ƙafa). "). Tsawon su ya kai kusan 6 (15 cm) har zuwa 16 inci (40 cm). Ana iya siyan makin lemu guda biyu, ko tarin ayaba. [2] Domin kowane ɗayan yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙima, galibi ana tattara su cikin daure (yawanci 20). Farashin da aka tattara a farkon karni na ashirin, alal misali, farashin saniya ya kai 100, yayin da farashin amarya zai iya zama 200, kuma bayi, yayin da cinikin bayi na cikin gida ke ci gaba da aiki, ana iya sayar da shi kan dam 300.
Amfanin addini
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ko bayan da aka daina amfani da su a matsayin kuɗi, kissi pennies ya ci gaba da yin aiki a cikin al'ummar yankin, misali, a matsayin alamun kammala ayyukan al'ada a cikin Poro da Sande Societies; a matsayin auren aure, [3] da kuma sanya su a kan kaburbura da kaburbura, inda aka yi imani da cewa suna jan rayukan matattu. A wani lokaci, kuɗin ya sami fannoni na ruhaniya, watakila saboda amfani da shi a cikin kaburbura, kuma a sakamakon haka, lokacin da dinari ya karya ana la'akari da shi ba tare da kima ba har sai Zoe, ko mai aikin addini, ya gyara shi a wani biki na musamman. Wannan siffa ce ta sa ake kiransa "kudi da rai."
Matafiya na Turai suna ɗaukar su a matsayin wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa na kudi na farko, kuma saboda haka an tattara da yawa kuma an ajiye su a gidajen tarihi. Ana ci gaba da sayar da su a kasuwannin fasaha da na curio, da kuma tsakanin masu ƙididdiga masu ƙima har zuwa yau.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Facinet Beavogui, "Circulation monétaire en l'Afrique de l'Ouest: Le cas du guinzé (Guinėe, Liberia)," in Yasmine Marzouk, Christian Seignobos, François Sigaut, eds. Outils aratoires en Afrique: innovations, normes et traces. Paris: Karthala, (2000), pp. 175, 178-81.
- ↑ Allison Hingston Quiggin, A Survey of Primitive Money: The Beginning of Currency (London: Taylor and Francis, 1949) p. 92
- ↑ E Doris Earthy, "The Social Structure of a Gbande Town," Man 36 (1936): 203 (Earthy calls this money "iron bar currency").
Littafi Mai Tsarki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Béavogui, Facinet (2000). "Circulation monétaire en l'Afrique de l'Ouest: Le cas du guinzé (Guinėe, Laberiya)," in Yasmine Marzouk, Christian Seignobos, François Sigaut, eds. Outils aratoires en Afrique: sababbin abubuwa, normes et burbushi . Paris: Karthala, pp. 175-190.
- Bunot, Raul (1943). "Une monnaie de l'AOF le guinzé," Labari na Afirka 18: 2-3.
- Germann, Paul (1933) Die Volkesstämme a Norden von Laberiya. Leipzig.
- Portières, Roland (1960). "La monnaie de fer dans l'ouest Africa au XX e siècle," Recherches africaines (Études guineénes), NS, 4: 3-13.
- Suret Canale, Jean (1960). "A propos des guinzé en Guinée," Recherches africaines (Études guinéenes) NS, 2-3: 32-37.