Dokokin Hakkin Filial
Dokokin Hakkin Filial | |
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Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | statutory law (en) da economic aid (en) |
Dokokin ɗaukar nauyi (Dokokin tallafin filial, dokokin taƙawa na filial) dokoki ne a cikin Amurka waɗanda ke ɗora aiki, yawanci akan ƴaƴan manya, don tallafawa iyayensu matalauta ko wasu dangi.[1] A wasu lokuta ana ba da aikin ga sauran dangi. Irin waɗannan dokokin na iya aiwatar da su ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu kuma suna iya kasancewa a matakin jiha ko ƙasa. Duk da yake mafi yawan dokokin shari'a suna yin la'akari da tilastawa jama'a, wasu sun haɗa da hukuncin laifi ga yara manya ko dangi na kusa waɗanda suka ƙasa ba da tanadi ga ƴan uwa lokacin da aka ƙalubalanci yin hakan. Makullin mahimmin ra'ayi ya kasance matalauta, saboda babu buƙatar cewa iyaye su tsufa. Ga al'ummomin da ba na Yamma ba, an yi amfani da kalmar " taƙawa ta gari" ga haƙƙin iyali ga dattawa.
“Dokar da ta dace” ba daidai ba ce da tanadi a cikin dokar tarayya ta Amurka wacce ke buƙatar “dubawa” na shekaru biyar a cikin bayanan kuɗin duk wanda ke neman Medicaid don tabbatar da cewa mutumin bai ba da dukiya ba don cancanci Medicaid.
Irin waɗannan dokoki kuma akwai a Jamus, Faransa, Taiwan da Singapore .
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokokin tallafi na filial sun fito ne daga Dokar Talauci ta Elizabethan na 1601.[2][3]
A lokaci guda , kusan jihohi 45 na Amurka suna da dokoki da suka wajabta wa babba yaro kula da iyayen sa. Wasu jihohi sun soke dokokin goyon bayansu bayan Medicaid sun ɗauki babban matsayi wajen ba da taimako ga tsofaffi marasa lafiya ba tare da wata hanya ba. Sauran jihohin ba su yi ba, kuma ɗimbin dokokin tallafin filial sun tsaya kan littattafan.
Gabaɗaya, kafofin watsa labaru ba su rufe dokokin alhakin fili da yawa, kuma ba a yi niyyar siyasa don ganin an aiwatar da su ba. [4] Tun daga shekarar 2019, jihohi ashirin da shida da Puerto Rico suna da irin waɗannan dokoki akan littattafan, kuma wasu jihohi kaɗan suna buƙatar yuwuwar tallafin kakanni ko ma 'yan'uwa.[ana buƙatar hujja]
Ana buƙatar tallafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawanci, waɗannan dokokin suna wajabta wa yara manya (ko kuma ya danganta da jiha, sauran ƴan uwa) su biya wa iyayensu matalauta abinci, sutura, wurin kwana da buƙatun likita. Idan yaran sun kasa samar da wadataccen abinci, sai su kyale gidajen jinya da hukumomin gwamnati su kawo matakin shari’a don kwato kuɗin kula da iyaye. Yaran manya ma na iya zuwa gidan yari a wasu jihohin idan sun kasa ba da goyon bayan fili.
Jihohi da yankuna masu dokokin alhakin fili
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lura: Har yanzu an haɗa Iowa a cikin jerin har na 2019, amma ta soke dokar alhakin ta na fili a cikin shekara ta 2015. [5]
Shari'ar gwaji
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2012, kafofin watsa labaru sun ba da rahoton shari'ar John Pittas, wanda mahaifiyarsa ta sami kulawa a wani ƙwararrun ma'aikatan jinya a jihar Pennsylvania bayan wani hatsari sannan ya koma Girka. Gidan jinya ta kai karar danta kai tsaye, kafin ma ta yi kokarin karba daga Medicaid. Wata kotu a Pennsylvania ta yanke hukuncin cewa dole ne ɗan ya biya, bisa ga dokar alhakin filial tA jihar Pennsylvania.[6]
Makamantan dokoki a wasu hukunce-hukuncen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Turai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Jamus, mutanen da ke da alaƙa a cikin "layi kai tsaye" (kakanni, iyaye, yara, jikoki) ana buƙatar su tallafa wa juna, wannan ya haɗa da yara da iyaye marasa talauci ( de:Elternunterhalt, goyon baya ga iyaye ).
A Faransa, ana buƙatar dangi na kusa (kamar yara, iyaye da ma'aurata) su tallafa wa juna idan akwai buƙata ( fr: obligation alimentaire , aiki da taimako ).
Asiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Singapore, Taiwan, Indiya, da China Mainland sun haramta ƙin tallafin kuɗi ko na tunanin mutum ga iyayen tsofaffi.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Paying for Mom: Little-Known Laws Force Families to Fund Parents' Care". American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). Archived from the original on 31 December 2011.
- ↑ Lopes, James L. (1975). "Filial Support and Family Solidarity". Pacific Law Journal. 6: 508–535.
- ↑ Callahan, Daniel (1985). "What do children owe elderly parents?". The Hastings Center Report. 15 (2): 32–37, page 33. doi:10.2307/3560643. JSTOR 3560643. PMID 4008239.
- ↑ Callahan 1985
- ↑ https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/SOL/680522.pdf#page=67
- ↑ "More Filial Support Cases Ending Up in Court". 28 October 2013.