Dusar ƙanƙara ma'aunin
Ma'aunin dusar ƙanƙara nau'in kayan aiki ne da masana yanayi da masana kimiyyar ruwa ke amfani da shi don tattarawa da auna yawan hazo mai ƙarfi (saɓanin hazo mai ruwan sama, wanda ake auna ta hanyar ma'aunin ruwan sama ) a kan ƙayyadadden lokaci.
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Amfani da ma'aunin dusar ƙanƙara na farko shine ma'aunin hazo wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin 1247 a lokacin daular Song ta Kudu don tattara bayanan yanayi. Masanin ilmin lissafi na kasar Sin Qin Jiushao ya rubuta yadda ake amfani da ma'aunin ruwan sama da dusar kankara a cikin littafin 6 . Littafin ya yi magana game da amfani da manyan ma'aunin dusar ƙanƙara mai siffar ɗan kwali ko ganga da aka yi daga bamboo da ke cikin tsaunuka da tuddai, waɗanda aka yi hasashe da farko a kan auna dusar ƙanƙara.[1][2]
Bayani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ma'aunin dusar ƙanƙara ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: kwandon kama tagulla ; da ma'aunin mazurari da kanta. Ana ɗora ainihin ma'aunin akan bututu a waje kuma yana da kusan 1.5 metres (150 cm; 59 in; 4 ft 11 in) a tsayi, yayin da kwandon ya kai 51.5 centimetres (20.3 in; 1 ft 8.3 in) a tsayi.
Hanyar aunawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Lokacin da aka tattara dusar ƙanƙara, ana cire kwandon kuma a maye gurbinsu da abin da ake buƙata. Ana narkar da dusar ƙanƙara yayin da yake cikin akwati, sannan a zuba a cikin gilashin da ya kammala karatun digiri. Yayin da ake auna zurfin dusar ƙanƙara da santimita, ma'aunin dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa ( daidai da ruwa ) yana cikin millimeters.
Ana iya samun kimanta zurfin dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar ninka ruwan da ya yi daidai da 10. Wannan mai haɓakawa na iya bambanta a kan kewayon fadi, duk da haka, tare da da yawa yana ambaton kewayon daga 5 zuwa 30, yayin da Cibiyar Kula da Dusar ƙanƙara da Kankara ta ƙasa ta faɗi kewayon da ya kai daga 3 zuwa 100. Duk wani abin da aka ba da shawara ya dogara da abun ciki na ruwa na dusar ƙanƙara (yadda "bushe" yake), don haka wannan a mafi kyawun yana ba da ƙima mai zurfi na zurfin dusar ƙanƙara.
Batutuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ma'aunin dusar ƙanƙara yana fama da matsala iri ɗaya da na ma'aunin ruwan sama lokacin da yanayi ke da iska. Idan iska tana da ƙarfi sosai, to ana iya hura dusar ƙanƙara a kan ma'aunin iska, kuma ba za a ba da rahoton adadin dusar ƙanƙarar da ta faɗi ba. Duk da haka, saboda siffar da girman mazurari, wannan karamar matsala ce.
Idan iska tana da ƙarfi sosai kuma guguwa ta auku, to za a iya hura dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa a cikin ma'aunin, kuma adadin dusar ƙanƙara da ta faɗo za a yi la'akari da yawa. A wannan yanayin dole ne mai kallo ya yanke hukunci nawa ne daga ruwan dusar ƙanƙara da aka hura a cikin akwati da nawa dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo.
Wata matsalar kuma tana faruwa ne lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama suka faɗi kafin mai kallo ya sami lokacin canza ma'aunin. A duk waɗannan lokuta dole ne mai kallo ya yi hukunci na yawan ruwan dusar ƙanƙara da nawa ne ruwan sama.
Sauran ma'aunin dusar ƙanƙara[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mai sarrafa kansa
Ma'aunin karatu mai nisa, kamar amfani da tashoshin yanayi, suna aiki daidai da ma'aunin ruwan sama. Suna da babban wurin kamawa (kamar ganga da aka yanka a rabi, sama zuwa kasa) wanda ke tattara dusar ƙanƙara har sai an ɗauki nauyin da aka ba shi. Lokacin da wannan nauyi mai mahimmanci ya kai, yana ba da shawara kuma yana zubar da dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan jujjuyawar yana tafiya mai sauyawa, yana aika sigina. Tarin sai ya sake maimaitawa. Idan kwandon kama yana da injin dumama a ciki, yana auna nauyin dusar ƙanƙara daidai. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ba da tukwici bisa ƙarar maimakon nauyi, tare da fahimtar cika daidai.
Matashin kankara.[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wani firikwensin dusar ƙanƙara da ake kira matashin dusar ƙanƙara yana kama da jakar zagaye da ke kwance a ƙasa. A cikin matashin kai akwai ruwa kamar lafiyayyen muhalli[ana buƙatar hujja] _ Yawancin lokaci matashin dusar ƙanƙara za a haɗa shi da manometer . Karatun manometer zai bambanta dangane da yadda dusar ƙanƙara ke zaune akan matashin kai. Irin wannan firikwensin yana aiki da kyau ga wurare da yawa amma ya fi wuya a yi amfani da shi a wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara ke busawa.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Strangeways, Ian (2011). Precipitation: Theory, Measurement and Distribution. Cambridge University Press (published April 14, 2011). p. 140. ISBN 978-0521172929.
- ↑ Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (2nd ed.). Springer (published April 16, 2008). p. 736. ISBN 978-1402045592.