Ruwan ruwa
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yankin taswira da basin (en) | ||||
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watershed science (en) | ||||
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Wurin wanka ko tafkin wanka wuri ne na nishaɗi, sau da yawa a cikin wurin shakatawa na jama'a, don wasa ruwa wanda ke da ruwa kaɗan ko babu ruwa mai tsaye. An ce wannan don kawar da buƙatar masu tsaron rai ko wasu kulawa, saboda akwai ƙananan haɗarin nutsar da su.
Yawanci akwai nozzles na ƙasa wanda ke yayyafa ruwa sama daga raindeck na splash pad. Hakanan akwai wasu siffofin ruwa kamar bakan gizo (wanka mai laushi), ko ruwan inabi- ko ruwan inaba. Wasu splash pads suna da ƙuƙwalwar motsi kamar waɗanda aka samu a kan motocin kashe gobara don ba da damar masu amfani su yayyafa wasu. Sau da yawa ana sarrafa ruwan sama da ƙwanƙolin ƙasa ta hanyar firikwensin motsi na hannu, don gudana na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Yawanci ruwa ne ko dai ruwa mai laushi, ko sake amfani da ruwa mai tsabta, wanda yawanci ana bi da shi a kalla matakin inganci kamar yadda ake yin ruwa. Wadannan splash pads galibi ana fito da su a cikin siminti wanda ba a zame ba ko kuma a cikin rubber.
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An tsara ma'anar al'ada ta hanyar Dokar Heath ta 1986 a British Columbia wanda ya bayyana cewa tafkin spray shine "wani rami da aka gina ko kwandon da yara ke amfani da shi, wanda ake yayyafa ruwan sha amma ba a yarda ya tara a kasa ba. "
Hakazalika, birnin Norfolk, Virginia, musamman ya bayyana tafkin spray a matsayin "duk wani tsari mai zurfi wanda aka gina daga kayan da ba ƙasa ta halitta ba ko ƙasa da aka yi amfani da ita don yayyafa mutane da ruwa kuma wanda ke da yankin magudanar ruwa da aka tsara don cire ruwa daga wanka ko yayyafa nozzles a isasshen adadin don hana hana ruwa". [1]
Ana iya kiran fasalulluka na tafkin spray a matsayin "maɓuɓɓugar ruwa" [2] ko "dandalin ruwa". [3]
Ruwan ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ruwan ruwa, ba kamar rufin ruwa ba, yana ƙarfafa amfani daga mutane na kowane zamani. Wadannan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa yawanci an tsara su don su kasance masu jan hankali (daga nesa) da kuma hulɗa. Saboda haka, an tsara su don ba da damar samun sauƙin, sau da yawa a matakin ƙasa. Suna da siffofi marasa laushi, kuma ba su da ruwa mai tsayawa, don kawar da yiwuwar haɗarin nutsewa, don haka ba a buƙatar masu tsaron rai. Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa na iya farawa da tsayawa tare ko bisa ga tsari don tasirin fasaha. Duk da yake ana iya sanya su a cikin wuraren shakatawa na jama'a kamar wuraren zubar da ruwa na yara, ana iya sanya maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a wuraren jama'a ko a rairayin bakin teku na birane.
Shahararren a lokacin rani kuma musamman a cikin birane, tafkin spray yana ba da madadin aikin buɗe wutar lantarki don yara su iya wasa da sanyaya a cikin ruwa - aikin da ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma an nuna shi da haɗari saboda yana rage Matsin ruwa a cikin wani yanki kuma yana sa kashe wuta ya fi wuya. Ba a buƙatar ma'aikatan tafkin furewa da ƙwararrun masu tsaron rai.
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙarfin fure
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dangane da ƙarfin da kusurwar kwarara, ƙarfin fesawa na iya zama mai ƙarfi (musamman kusa da inda ruwa ke fitowa) ko kuma yana iya zama kamar Ruwan sama ko ma hazo mai kyau. Yawancin splash pads suna da wasu siffofi kamar ƙanƙara mai kyau, waɗanda aka tsara don su kasance masu matsakaici ga yara. Sauran maɓuɓɓugar ruwa an tsara su ne don manya, misali don masu tsere ko masu halartar kide-kide don sanyaya.
Rashin ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yankin da ke ƙarƙashin tafkin spray yawanci yana da ramuka don Ruwa da yake samarwa ba zai mamaye yanayin da ke kewaye da shi ba. A wasu lokuta, ruwan da aka tattara a cikin waɗannan magudanar ruwa ana sake amfani da shi a cikin tsarin fesawa, don haka kiyaye ruwa. A madadin haka, ruwan da ke fitowa daga bututun spray na iya ci gaba da fitowa daga samar da ruwa mai kyau.
Abubuwa na Musamman
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hydraulophones
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hydraulophones sune kayan kida na farko a duniya wanda ke yin kiɗa daga girgizar ruwa. Ta hanyar latsawa a kan jets na ruwa da aka shimfiɗa zuwa sikelin kiɗa, hydraulophones suna yin sauti na musamman. An shigar da Hydraulophones a wuraren shakatawa na ruwa, gidajen tarihi, da cibiyoyin kimiyya a duniya, gami da Legoland California Resort, Gidan Tarihi na Yara na Chicago, da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Ontario a Toronto.
Rashin zafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a dandalin Dundas a Toronto, Ontario, ruwan yana dumama da makamashin hasken rana wanda aka kama ta musamman mai launin granite. []
Tsaro
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba tare da isasshen magani ba, tsarin tafkin da aka sake zagayawa yana da haɗarin lafiya.[3] A wasu hukunce-hukunce, splash pads bazai kasance ƙarƙashin buƙatun ingancin ruwan tafkin ruwa na jama'a ba saboda ba su da ruwa mai tsaye. Mutanen da ke sanye da tufafi na yau da kullun da takalma na titi, dabbobi da yara ƙanana na iya gabatar da cututtuka a cikin tafkin spray lokacin da suka sanyaya a ciki.[2]
Yaduwar cryptosporidiosis da ke da alaƙa da wuraren shakatawa na ruwa sun faru a Florida a cikin 1999, [4] a New York a cikin 2005 [3] kuma a Idaho a cikin 2007. [5]
Tun daga shekara ta 2021 an sami mutuwar yara 3 daga cutar amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) ta haifar da amoeba Naegleria fowleri da aka kwantar da shi daga fallasawa ga ruwa mara isasshen cututtuka a cikin splash pads, biyu a Texas da daya a Arkansas.[6][7]
Misalan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsayarwa da gudanar da tafkunan shafawa sun bambanta dangane da karamar hukumar da suke. Misali:
- A kan Boston Common, abin da ake kira "Frog Pond" (wanda shine filin wasan kankara na jama'a a cikin hunturu) ya zama tafkin fesawa ga yara a lokacin rani. Gidauniyar Boston Common Frog Pond ce ke kula da wurin kuma ma'aikatan matasa ne daga Asusun Matasa na Boston.
- Wurin wanka a Phillips Park a Aurora, Illinois, ya kasance daga shekarun 1930 kuma ya rufe kuma ya sake buɗewa sau da yawa. Yanzu yana daga cikin Cibiyar Kula da Ruwa ta Phillips Park kusa da Zoo na Phillips Park . [8]
- Seattle & King County, Washington, tana da "Tsarin Jagora don Gidajen Wasanni na Ruwa - Wasanni" wanda ke lissafa takamaiman la'akari kamar amfani da wuraren da ba su zamewa ba da kuma matsayi na Wasanni don "ƙananan gurɓataccen ƙura, hayaki, gumi da sauran abubuwan da ba a so"
- Birnin Oregon, Oregon, yana da tafkin spray a Cibiyar Carnegie ta Oregon City. Tsohon birnin ne ke gudanarwa, cibiyar da shirye-shiryenta kwanan nan sun sake buɗewa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ake kira Fine Art Smarts.[9]
- Gundumar North Berwyn Park a Berwyn, Illinois, tana ba da izini don amfani da Cibiyar al'umma mallakar birni da kuma tafkin spray don bukukuwan ranar haihuwar.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "City of Norfolk, Virginia: Codes and Regulations of Interest". Archived from the original on 2013-01-28. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hlavsa MC, Roberts VA, Anderson AR, Hill VR, Kahler AM, Orr M, et al. (23 September 2011). "Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks and Other Health Events Associated with Recreational Water --- United States, 2007--2008". MMWR. 60 (SS12): 1–32. PMID 21937976. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Splash Pads". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 22 June 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "cdcsplashpads" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Minshew P, Ward K, Mulla Z, Hammond R, Johnson D, Herber S, Hopkins R (30 June 2000). "Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated With an Interactive Water Fountain at a Beachside Park --- Florida, 1999". MMWR. CDC. 49 (25): 565–568. PMID 10921495. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ↑ Ezell H, Irons D, Isenberg F, Tramontin B, Huffe E, Greenwalt C, et al. (12 June 2009). "Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Associated with a Splash Park --- Idaho, 2007". MMWR. 58 (22): 615–618. PMID 19521333. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ↑ Eger, Lynne; Pence, Morgan A. (2023-07-20). "The Brief Case: A Case of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) after Exposure at a Splash Pad". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 61 (7): e01269–22. doi:10.1128/jcm.01269-22. PMC 10358179 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 37470480 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Dulski, Theresa M. (2025). "Fatal Case of Splash Pad–Associated Naegleria fowleri Meningoencephalitis — Pulaski County, Arkansas, September 2023". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (in Turanci). 74 (10): 167–172. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7410a2. ISSN 0149-2195. PMC 11949314 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 40146665 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Phillips Park - History Time Line[dead link]
- ↑ "City of Oregon City: Trail News" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ↑ North Berwyn Park District[dead link]