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Kogin Okavango

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Kogin Okavango
General information
Tsawo1,600 km
Labarin ƙasa
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Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa12°39′14″S 16°07′38″E / 12.653801°S 16.127178°E / -12.653801; 16.127178
KasaAngola, Botswana da Namibiya
Hydrography (en) Fassara
Tributary (en) Fassara
Watershed area (en) Fassara800,000 km²
Ruwan ruwaKalahari Basin (en) Fassara
River source (en) FassaraBié Plateau (en) Fassara
River mouth (en) FassaraOkavango Delta

Okavango Delta ko Okavango Grassland wani babban yanki ne na cikin ƙasa a Botswana wanda aka samar inda Kogin Okavango ya kai wani magudanar ruwa mai tsayin 930–1,000 m (3,050–3,280 ft) [1] a tsakiyar yankin kwarin endorheic na Hamadar Kalahari .

Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO ne a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan tsarin delta na ciki waɗanda ba sa kwarara zuwa teku ko teku, tare da tsarin dausayi wanda yake da cikakken tsari. [2] Madadin haka, ruwan ambaliyar ruwa ya bazu a kan filayen ambaliyar ruwa da tsibirai masu yashi, kuma babban rabo yana gangarowa zuwa cikin ƙaramin ruwan alluvial da ke ƙasa, kafin tsire-tsire su ɗauke shi. Kusan duk ruwan da ya isa delta a ƙarshe ya ƙafe kuma ya shuɗe .

Kowace shekara, kimanin 11 km3 (2.6 cu mi) na ruwa da ya bazu a kan 6,000–15,000 km2 (2,300–5,800 sq mi) yanki. Wasu ambaliyar ruwa suna malalowa zuwa Tafkin Ngami . Yankin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Tafkin Makgadikgadi, wani tafki mai daɗaɗɗen da ya bushe galibi lokacin da Holocene na farko ya fara bushewa.

Wurin Ajiye Namun Daji na Moremi yana gefen gabashin delta. An sanya wa delta suna ɗaya daga cikin Abubuwan Al'ajabi Bakwai na Afirka, waɗanda aka ayyana a hukumance a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2013 a Arusha, Tanzania . [3] A ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2014, Okavango Delta ta zama wuri na 1000 da aka sanya a hukumance a cikin Jerin Gado na Duniya na UNESCO. [4] [2]

Suna

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Sunan Okavango ya samo asali ne daga Kogin Okavango, wanda shi ma sunansa ya fito ne daga Kavango, wanda ke nufin mutanen Kavango na arewacin Namibia. [5]

Tsoffin kalmomin Ingilishi sun haɗa da Okovango, yayin da wasu malaman Namibia suka fi son Kavango idan ana maganar kogin Namibia da yankin. Masanin tarihi Andreas Eckl ya lura cewa rahotannin mulkin mallaka na Jamus sun yi amfani da Okavango, amma O- na farko ba abu ne da aka saba gani ba a harsunan Kavango na gida, kuma maimakon haka an danganta shi da tasirin Herero . [6]

Yanayin ƙasa

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Ambaliyar Ruwa

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Ruwan Okavango yana faruwa ne sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa ta yanayi. Kogin Okavango yana ɗaukar ruwa daga lokacin rani (Janairu-Fabrairu) daga tsaunukan Angola kuma ruwan sama yana kwarara 1,200 km (750 mi) cikin kimanin wata guda. Ruwan ya bazu a kan mutane 37,500 km2 (14,500 sq mi) yankin delta a cikin watanni huɗu masu zuwa (Maris-Yuni). [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Zafin da ke cikin delta yana taimakawa wajen fitar da ruwa cikin sauri da kuma fitar da iska, wanda hakan ke haifar da zagaye uku na hauhawar ruwa da raguwar ruwa [7] wanda ba a fahimci sosai ba har zuwa farkon karni na 20. Matakan ambaliyar ruwa sun fi yawa tsakanin watan Yuni da Agusta, a lokacin hunturu mai bushewa na Botswana, lokacin da delta ya yi girma har sau uku, yana jawo hankalin dabbobi daga kilomita kewaye da shi kuma ya samar da daya daga cikin manyan tarin namun daji na Afirka.

Delta ɗin yana da faɗi sosai, tare da bambancin tsayin ƙasa da 2 m (6 ft 7 in) a fadin 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) , yayin da ruwan ke faɗuwa kusan 60 m (200 ft) daga Mohembo zuwa Maun. [1] [8] [9]

Gudun ruwa

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Tafkuna

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Shinde Lagoon, an gani daga sama

Idan matakin ruwan ya ragu a hankali, ruwa zai ci gaba da kasancewa a manyan magudanan ruwa da kuma gaɓar koguna, a cikin ramukan ruwa da kuma a cikin wasu manyan tafkuna, waɗanda daga nan za su jawo hankalin dabbobi da yawa. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Tsibiran Gishiri

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Tarin gishirin da ke kewaye da tushen shuke-shuke yana haifar da fararen wurare marasa tsabta a tsakiyar dubban tsibiran, waɗanda suka zama gishiri da yawa don tallafawa shuke-shuke, sai dai itacen dabino mai jure gishiri a wasu lokutan. Bishiyoyi da ciyawa suna girma a cikin yashi a gefen tsibiran waɗanda ba su yi gishiri sosai ba tukuna. [10]

Kimanin kashi 70% na tsibiran sun fara ne a matsayin tudun tururuwa (sau da yawa Macrotermes spp.), inda itace ke samun tushe a kan tudun ƙasa. [11]

Yanayi

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Kallon sama na delta yayin da ambaliyar ruwa ke raguwa, Agusta 2012

Ba a samu sauyin yanayi a yankin Delta mai yawan shuke-shuke ba, a'a, wani wuri ne mai cike da ruwa a cikin ƙasa mai bushewa. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 450 mm (18 in) (kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin da ke kewaye da ruwan Angola) kuma mafi yawansa yana faɗuwa tsakanin Disamba da Maris a cikin nau'in guguwar ruwa mai ƙarfi da rana. [12]

Disamba zuwa Fabrairu watanni ne masu zafi da danshi tare da yanayin rana har zuwa 40 °C (104 °F), ɗumi da daddare, da kuma yanayin zafi da ke tsakanin 50 zuwa 80%. Daga Maris zuwa Mayu, yanayin zafi yana raguwa, tare da matsakaicin 30 °C (86 °F) da rana da dare mai laushi zuwa sanyi. Ruwan sama yana bushewa da sauri yana kaiwa ga watanni masu bushewa da sanyi na hunturu daga Yuni zuwa Agusta. Yanayin zafin rana a wannan lokacin na shekara yana da laushi zuwa dumi, amma zafin yana raguwa sosai bayan faɗuwar rana. Dare na iya yin sanyi a yankin delta, tare da yanayin zafi da ɗan wuce daskarewa. [13] Wani lokaci ana ganin sanyi a lokacin hunturu. [14]

Tsawon watan Satumba zuwa Nuwamba zafi da matsin lamba na yanayi suna ƙaruwa, yayin da lokacin rani ke shiga cikin lokacin damina. Oktoba shine watan da ya fi ƙalubale ga masu ziyara: yanayin zafin rana yakan wuce 40 °C (104 °F) kuma bushewar lokaci-lokaci tana lalacewa ne kawai ta hanyar fashewar gajimare kwatsam. [15]

Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 "Ramsar Information Sheet" (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  2. 1 2 Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting". Whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  3. ↑ "Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders". sevennaturalwonders.org. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
  4. ↑ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana". Whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  5. ↑ Water, John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of (2021-09-02). "Okavango River". WorldAtlas (in Turanci). Retrieved 2026-06-23.
  6. ↑ Eckl, Andreas (2007). "Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911" (PDF). Journal of Namibian Studies. 1: 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026. [permanent dead link]
  7. ↑ C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. "Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management" (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  8. ↑ Wehberg, J. (31 December 2013). "Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting". Biodiversity & Ecology. 5: 11. doi:10.7809/b-e.00236.
  9. ↑ Gumbricht, T. (2001). "The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications". South African Journal of Geology. 104 (3): 243–264. Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G. doi:10.2113/1040243.
  10. ↑ Balasubramaniam, T.; Shen, G.; Esmaeili, N.; Zhang, H. (2023). "Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress". Plants (Basel, Switzerland). 12 (12): 2253. Bibcode:2023Plnts..12.2253B. doi:10.3390/plants12122253. PMC 10300796 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37375879 Check |pmid= value (help).
  11. ↑ Dunford, C. "Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August". Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  12. ↑ "The Okavango Delta | Botswana". www.namibweb.com. Retrieved 2026-06-23.
  13. ↑ "Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time". Climatestotravel.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  14. ↑ "A Year in the Okavango Delta". Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com.
  15. ↑ UNEP-WCMC (2017-05-22). "OKAVANGO DELTA". World Heritage Datasheet (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-05-17.
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