Black Sea

Black Sea
Black Sea
General information
Tsawo	1,175 km
Fadi	600 km
Yawan fili	436,402 km²
Vertical depth (en)	2,206 m
Volume (en)	547,000 km³
Suna bayan	Baki (Black)
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	43°24′N 34°18′E / 43.4°N 34.3°E
Bangare na	North Atlantic Ocean (en) ; Mediterranean Sea Area (en)
Kasa	Bulgairiya, Rasha, Ukraniya, Romainiya, Turkiyya, Georgia, Abkhazia, Russian Empire (en) da Kungiyar Sobiyet
Hydrography (en)
Inflow (en)	duba Çoruh River (en) ; Danube (en) ; Filyos River (en) ; Enguri (en) ; Kızılırmak River (en) ; Kamchiya (en) ; Kodori River (en) ; Rioni (en) ; Sakarya River (en) ; Southern Bug (en) ; Yeşilırmak River (en) ; Bartın River (en) ; Bzyb River (en) ; Chilia branch (en) ; Değirmen Deresi (en) ; Karadere (en) ; Khobi (en) ; Melen River (en) ; Mzymta (en) ; Rezovska (en) ; Shakhe (en) ; Sulina branch (en) ; Supsa River (en) ; Veleka (en) ; Aderbiyevka (en) ; Agoy (en) ; Agura (en) ; Aheloy (en) ; Aksu Deresi (en) ; Albești River (en) ; Andus (en) ; Ashe (en) ; Avunda (en) ; Ayan-Uzen (en) ; Baraboy River (en) ; Batova (en) ; Biruința River (en) ; Bocharov Ruchey (en) ; Bzugu (en) ; Casimcea River (en) ; Chelbaka (en) ; Chetteke-Uzen (en) ; Choban-Kule-Uzen (en) ; Choloki River (en) ; Chorna River (en) ; Chukhukt (en) ; Corbu River (en) ; Dagomys River (en) ; Danube – Black Sea Canal (en) ; Dederkay (en) ; Demerdji (en) ; Dereaua River (en) ; Dniester Lyman (en) ; Dyurso (en) ; Dzhurla River (en) ; Edyfler (en) ; Gülüç Çayı (en) ; Gelevara Deresi (en) ; Ghalidzga (en) ; Golovița River (en) ; Gumista River (en) ; Hamangia River (en) ; Harşit River (en) ; Hasta-Bash (en) ; Istria River (en) ; Kaparcha (en) ; Karaagach (en) ; Kelasuri (en) ; Kherota (en) ; Khosta (en) ; Kintrishi River (en) ; Korolistskali (en) ; Koz (en) ; Ksir-Pata (en) ; Kudepsta (en) ; La-Ilya (en) ; Limenka (en) ; Magri (en) ; Makopse (en) ; Matsesta (en) ; Mert River (en) ; Mokvi (en) ; Nebug (en) ; Nechepsukho (en) ; Nuntași River (en) ; Orta-Uzen (en) ; Otuzka (en) ; Pauk (en) ; Pinarus River (en) ; Potârnichea River (en) ; Psezuapse (en) ; Pshada (en) ; Psou (en) ; Putamish (en) ; Nerushai (en) ; Q1753125 ; Sabuncular Deresi (en) ; Q21209979 ; Q21210492 ; Q21211128 ; Q21211613 ; Q21589275 ; Q21589411 ; Q21695199 ; Q21696490 ; Okumi river (en) ; Q24687771 ; Q2930184 ; Q3548106 ; Batlama River (en) ; Qutlaq (en) ; Razim River (en) ; Reprua River (en) ; Ropotamo (en) ; Săcele River (en) ; Sărata River (en) ; Shapsukho (en) ; Shelen (en) ; Shepsi (en) ; Slava River (en) ; Sochi (en) ; Sudak (en) ; Sukko River (en) ; Tașaul River (en) ; Tatlageacul Mare River (en) ; Tatlageacul Mic River (en) ; Telița River (en) ; Terme River (en) ; Thermodon (en) ; Tuapse (en) ; Tukluzka (en) ; Ulu Ozen eastern (en) ; Ulu-Uzen (en) ; Uskut River (en) ; Valea Vadului River (en) ; Voron (en) ; Yağlıdere stream (en) ; Yashamba (en) ; Zagmata (en) ; Chemitokvadzhe (en) ; Buu (en) ; Dzhankhot (en) ; Khotetsay (en) ;
Outflows (en)	Bosporus Strait (en)

Tekun Black Sea wani yanki ne na tsakiyar tekun Mediterranean na Tekun Atlantika wanda ke kwance tsakanin Turai da Asiya, gabas da Balkans, kudu da Filin Gabashin Turai, yammacin Caucasus, da arewacin Anatoliya. Yana da iyaka da Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Rasha, Turkiyya da Ukraine. Ana ba da Tekun Bahar Rum ta manyan koguna, musamman Danube, Dnieper, da Don. Sakamakon haka, yayin da kasashe shida ke da bakin teku a tekun, magudanar ruwa ta hada da sassan kasashe 24 na Turai.

Tekun Black Sea ya ƙunshi 436,400 square kilometres (168,500 sq mi) (ba tare da Tekun Azov ba),^[1] yana da matsakaicin zurfin 2,212 metres (7,257 ft), da juzu'i na 547,000 cubic kilometres (131,000 cu mi) . ^[2] Yawancin iyakokinta suna hawa cikin sauri. Wadannan hawan su ne tsaunin Pontic da ke kudu, suna kan iyaka da kudu maso yamma da ke fuskantar gabar teku, da tsaunukan Caucasus a gabas, da kuma tsaunin Crimean zuwa tsakiyar arewa.^[3] A yamma, bakin tekun gabaɗaya ƙananan filayen ambaliya ne a ƙarƙashin tudu kamar Strandzha; Cape Emine, raguwar gabas na tsaunin Balkan; da kuma Dobruja Plateau mai nisa sosai a arewa. Gabas-yamma mafi tsayi shine kusan 1,175 kilometres (730 mi) . Manyan biranen da ke bakin tekun sun haɗa da Odessa, Varna, Samsun, Sochi, Sevastopol, Constanța, Trabzon, Novorossiysk, Burgas, da Batumi.

Tekun Black Sea yana da ma'aunin ruwa mai kyau, tare da fitar da net ɗin shekara-shekara na 300 cubic kilometres (72 cu mi) kowace shekara ta hanyar Bosporus da Dardanelles zuwa cikin Tekun Aegean.^[4]^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}Yayin da raƙuman ruwa ta Dardanelles (wanda aka sani tare da Turkiyya Straits) ya fita daga Bahar Black Sea, ruwa gabaɗaya yana gudana a cikin kwatance guda ɗaya: Denser, ƙarin ruwan saline daga Aegean yana gudana zuwa cikin Black Sea. Tekun da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai ƙanƙara, mafi ƙarancin ruwa wanda ke gudana daga cikin Bahar Maliya. Wannan yana haifar da ruwa mai mahimmanci da dindindin na ruwa mai zurfi wanda baya magudana ko haɗuwa kuma saboda haka yana da anoxic. Wannan nau'in anoxic ne ke da alhakin adana tsoffin jiragen ruwa da aka samu a cikin Bahar Maliya.

Bakin Black sea daga ƙarshe yana magudawa zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum, ta mashigin Turkiyya da Tekun Aegean. Mashigin Bosporus yana haɗa shi da ƙaramin Tekun Marmara wanda hakanan ya haɗa da Tekun Aegean ta mashigin Dardanelles. A arewa, Black sea tana da alaƙa da Tekun Azov ta hanyar Kerch Strait.

Matsayin ruwa ya bambanta sosai akan lokacin yanayin ƙasa. Saboda waɗannan bambance-bambance a cikin matakin ruwa a cikin kwandon, shimfidar wuri da ke kewaye da su sun kasance bushewar ƙasa. A wasu matakan ruwa masu mahimmanci, haɗin gwiwa tare da raƙuman ruwa da ke kewaye za a iya kafa su. Ta hanyar mafi yawan aiki na waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin kai, mashigin Turkiyya, Tekun Black Sea ya shiga cikin tekun duniya. A lokacin lokuttan yanayin ƙasa lokacin da wannan hanyar haɗin ruwa ba ta kasance ba, Black sea ta kasance ƙwanƙolin endorheic, yana aiki ba tare da tsarin tekun duniya ba (mai kama da Tekun Caspian a yau). A halin yanzu, matakin ruwan tekun Black Sea yana da tsayi sosai; don haka, ana musayar ruwa da tekun Bahar Rum. Kogin Black Sea wani ruwa ne na musamman na ruwan saline da ke gudana ta mashigin Bosporus da kuma bakin tekun Bahar Black Sea, wanda aka gano irinsa na farko.

Manazarta

↑ Surface area—"Black Sea Geography". University of Delaware College of Marine Studies. 2003. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
↑ ""Black Sea Geography, Oceanography, Ecology, History"". Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018. Living Black SeaEmpty citation (help)
↑ Murray, J. W.; Jannasch, H. W.; Honjo, S; Anderson, R. F.; Reeburgh, W. S.; Top, Z.; Friederich, G. E.; Codispoti, L. A.; Izdar, E. (March 30, 1989). "Unexpected changes in the oxic/anoxic interface in the Black Sea". Nature. 338 (6214): 411–413. Bibcode:1989Natur.338..411M. doi:10.1038/338411a0. S2CID 4306135.
↑ World and Its Peoples. Marshall Cavendish. July 21, 2010. p. 1444. ISBN 9780761479024 – via Internet Archive. Black Sea 1175 km east west.

[1] Surface area—"Black Sea Geography". University of Delaware College of Marine Studies. 2003. Retrieved April 3, 2014.

[2] ""Black Sea Geography, Oceanography, Ecology, History"". Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018. Living Black SeaEmpty citation (help)

[3] Murray, J. W.; Jannasch, H. W.; Honjo, S; Anderson, R. F.; Reeburgh, W. S.; Top, Z.; Friederich, G. E.; Codispoti, L. A.; Izdar, E. (March 30, 1989). "Unexpected changes in the oxic/anoxic interface in the Black Sea". Nature. 338 (6214): 411–413. Bibcode:1989Natur.338..411M. doi:10.1038/338411a0. S2CID 4306135.

[4] World and Its Peoples. Marshall Cavendish. July 21, 2010. p. 1444. ISBN 9780761479024 – via Internet Archive. Black Sea 1175 km east west.

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