Elizabeth Carne
 Elizabeth Carne | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 16 Disamba 1817 |
| ƙasa | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Mutuwa | 7 Satumba 1873 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Joseph Carne |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
geologist (en)  da marubuci |
| Sunan mahaifi | John Altrayd Witterly da J. A. John Altrayd Wittitterly |
Elizabeth Catherine Thomas Carne (1817-1873) marubuciya yar Biritaniya ce, masaniya falsafar halitta, masaniyar ilimin ƙasa, masaniyar ilimin halitta, mai tattara ma'adinai, kuma mai ba da taimako. A shekarun baya, bayan rasuwar mahaifinta, ita ma ta zama ma’aikaciyar banki. A yau tabbas za mu sanya gudummawarta ga kimiyya a fagen ilimin halittar ɗan adam.[1][2]
Rayuwa ta sirri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Carne ita ce ɗa na bakwai na 'ya'ya takwas ('ya'ya maza uku da mata biyar) da aka haifa wa Joseph Carne, FRS, da matarsa Maryama Thomas na Glamorgan. An haifi Elizabeth a Rivière House, a cikin Ikklesiya na Phillack, kusa da Hayle, Cornwall, kuma an yi masa baftisma a cocin Phillack a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1820. A Rivière House, mallakar Kamfanin Cornish Copper Company wanda mahaifinta ya kasance Daraktan Kamfanin, ɗakunan ajiya sun kasance. wanda aka kera a matsayin dakunan gwaje-gwaje inda aka gwada aikin narkar da tagulla da tin, da kuma ma'adanai da duwatsun da aka yi nazari a kansu. Zuwa wancan dakin gwaje-gwajen ya zo, kafin a haife ta, Davies Gilbert, PFRS, tare da shi matashin Humphry Davy don duba ayyukan muhallin kimiyya.[3] An haife ta a cikin dangin Methodist mai tasiri da arziƙi na wakilan ma'adinai da ƴan kasuwa, Elizabeth ta kasance tana sane sosai a tsawon rayuwarta na talauci da rashi a kewayen wuraren hakar ma'adinai, da tsananin buƙatar ilimi da tallafin zamantakewa ga waɗanda ba su da sa'a. Ta yi karatu ko'ina, ta yi karatun lissafi, na gargajiya, kuma ta koyi harsuna da yawa. Duka kakanta, sau da yawa ana kiranta 'Uban Methodism',[4] kuma mahaifinta ya kasance jajirtacce kuma ƙwararren shugabanni na Wesleyan Methodist a cikin Cocin Ingila, kuma ɗakin littafin Methodist na gida ya sauka a gidansu. Ta yi karatu a gida a titin Chapel, Penzance, tare da ƴan uwanta mata, ta taimaki mahaifinta da tarin tarin ma'adinan sa kuma ta raba sha'awar sa game da tsarin ƙasa, shekaru da yawa.[5] Aboki na kud da kud da sadaukarwa, wanda ta kasance tare da ita akai-akai, ita ce fitacciyar mawallafin Quaker, Caroline Fox na dangin jigilar kayayyaki da ma'adinai na Falmouth.[1]
Ayyukan sadaka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A mutuwar mahaifinta a shekara ta 1858, ta shiga cikin babban arziki, kuma ta yi amfani da wannan gado, ta bi dabi'un sadaka na iyayenta da danginta, don raba kudade masu yawa don ilmantarwa da sauran ayyukan agaji. Ta ba da wurin makarantar St Paul wanda aka buɗe, bayan mutuwarta, a Penzance a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1876, kuma ta kafa makarantu a Wesley Rock (Heamoor), Carfury, da Bosullow, gundumomi uku masu ƙanƙanta a cikin unguwar Penzance. Ta ba da damar ta hanyar ba da gudummawar farashin sayan filin da aka gina St John's Hall (zauren garin) a kai kuma ta gina wani gidan kayan gargajiya daban a kan titin Lower Queen's kusa da gidanta, inda za ta baje kolin kyawawan ma'adanai da ta taimaka mata. baba in tarawa.[5]
Geologist kuma marubuciya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ta ɗauki haɗin gwiwar mahaifinta daga 1858 har zuwa mutuwarta, a matsayin shugaban bankin Penzance wanda kakanta, William Carne ya kafa a 1795 (Batten, Carne da Oxnam). Ta kuma gaji soyayyar mahaifinta game da ilimin geology, kuma ta rubuta takardu hudu a cikin 'Ma'amala na Royal Geological Society of Cornwall:' 'Cliff Boulders da Tsohon Yanayin Kasa da Teku a Gundumar Ƙarshen Land,' 'The Age of the Land's End. Maritime Alps da ke kewaye da Mentone,' 'A kan Sauye-sauye da Metamorphosis na Rocks,' da 'Akan Yanayin Sojojin da suka yi aiki akan Samar da Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Granite.'[5] Ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaba a matsayin memba na Royal. Geological Society of Cornwall.[6] Ta kasance memba na farko, tare da abokanta Caroline Fox da Anna Maria Fox na Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society a Falmouth, Cornwall.
An ba da gudummawar labarai da yawa daga wurinta ga ‘London Quarterly Review,’ kuma ita ce marubuciyar littattafai da yawa.[5]
Mutuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Carne ta mutu a Penzance a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1873, kuma an binne ta a Phillack, kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a ranar 12 ga Satumba. An yi wa'azin jana'izarta a cocin St Mary's, Penzance, ta Reverend Prebendary Hedgeland a ranar 14 ga Satumba.[5]
Ayyuka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ita ce marubucin:[5]
- ‘Three months' rest at Pau in the winter and spring of 1859’ — brought out with the pseudonym of John Altrayd Wittitterly in 1860.
- ‘Country Towns and the place they fill in Modern Civilisation,’ 1868.
- ‘England's Three Wants’ — an anonymous spiritual pamphlet, 1871.
- ‘The Realm of Truth,’ 1873.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Elizabeth Catherine Thomas Carne: A 19th century Hypatia and her circle", M. Hardie-Budden in Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall; Bicentennial issue, April 2014
- ↑ "A 19th Century Hypatia - Elizabeth Catherine Thomas Carne (1817-1873)". The Hypatia Trust (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-04-17. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
- ↑ History of the Cornish Copper Company, W. H. Pascoe
- ↑ Shaw, Thomas (1967) A History of Cornish Methodism. Truro: D. Bradford Barton; p. 64 footnote: "William Carne is said to have borne «a paternal relationship» to Cornish Methodism (Wesleyan Methodist Magazine, 1836, p. 725). Maria Branwell, the mother of the Brontës was related to him."
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Boase, G. C. (1886). "Carne, Elizabeth Catherine Thomas (1817–1873)". Dictionary of National Biography Vol. IX. Smith, Elder & Co. Retrieved 2007-11-21. Template:DNBfirst
- ↑ Denise Crook, ‘Carne, Elizabeth Catherine Thomas (1817–1873)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 21 Nov 2007