Goro
| Goro | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Conservation status | |
 Least Concern (en)  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Order | Malvales (en)  |
| Dangi | Malvaceae (en) |
| Genus | Cola (en)
|
| jinsi | Cola acuminata Schott & Endl., 1832
|
Goro, suna ne na ɗan itaciya mai dogon tarihi da tasiri. Muhimmancinsa a rayuwar al’ummu daban-daban a faɗin duniya musamman ma Afirka , ya kuma haɗa da zamowarsa abinci , magani, abin girmama baƙo, abin amfanin al’ada , hanyar neman kuɗi da sauran su. Batun dangantakar goro da lafiya, shi ne abin da ya zama fagen cece-ku-ce a tsakanin jama’a. Sai dai, duk da illar da goron ke yi wa lafiyar ɗan’adam kamar yadda ake ta yayatawa, binciken masana ya tabbatar da cewa, “Amfanin goro ga lafiyar ɗan’adam ya fi illolinsa yawa”,
Ugwu da Tawagarsa (2020). Yana washe (wanke) baki, yana ƙara kuzari, yana gusar da yunwa da ƙishin ruwa, yana wartsakar da jiki sannan kuma yana ɗauke da sinadaran magani da sauran abubuwa masu tarin yawa (Lovejoy, 1980) A kimiyyance ana kiran itaciyar da ke samar da goro da Cola nitida ko kuma Cola acuminate wadda ke da asali da Afirka (Lovejoy, 1980; Gestrich da Tawagarsa, 2021; Asogwa da Tawagarsa, 2011), ake kuma noma ta a ƙasashen Najeriya, Kamaru, Ghana, Benin, Ivory Coast,BraziAJPSLS West Indian Islands wadda a duk shekara ake noma samada tan 300,000 (Gestrich da Tawagarsa, 2021; Ugwu da Tawagarsa, 2020; Alaribe, Ejezie da Ezedinachi, 2003; Asogwa da Tawagarsa, 2011).[1]
Goro, yana kan gaba a cikin muhimman hajojin da aka kwashe shekaru ana cinikinsu a zamanin Kasuwancin Hamada na Yammacin Afirka (Lovejoy, 1980).[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Goro, abu ne mai dogon tarihi, wadda sanin takamaiman lokacin da duniya, musamman Afirka ta Yamma ta fara noma wannan itaciya abu ne da ba a kai
ga tantance shi ba kimiyyance. Sai dai, binciken kimiyyar tarihi; akiyoloji na baya-bayan nan da aka gudanar a garin Togu Missiri kusa da garin Ségou a ƙasar
Mali, ya tabbatar da samuwar guntattakin itaciyar goro mai suna Cola cf Nitida a kimiyyanci da ke alamta samuwar goron a cikin jerin hajojin da aka yi hada-
hadarsu tun cikin ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya zuwa ƙarni na goma sha huɗu a zamanin kasuwanci Hamada kamar yadda ya zo a Gestrich da Tawagarsa, (2021).
Shi kuwa Lovejoy (1980), cewa ya yi: "Goro, musamman ma Cola nitida , yana
cikin muhimman hajoji a kasuwancin Afirka tun shekaru aru-aru da suka
shuɗe...". Abin da ke tabbatar da jimawar wannan itaciya a duniya. A taƙaice dai,
goro ya haura shekara dubu a duniya.[3]
Asali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masana da suka haɗa da Lovejoy, (1980); Gestrich da Tawagarsa,(2021); Asogwa da
Tawagarsa, (2011) da sauransu, duk sun haɗu a kan cewa, Goro ɗan Yammacin Afirka (West Africa) ne.
Suna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Goro, yana da sunaye da daman gaske da suka bambanta da bambancin harshe ko
yanki. Sunansa na gama-gari a Hausance shi ne goro , a Turance Kola
nut ko Kolanut, a Yarabance obi , a Ibonci kuma oji sai kuma a kimiyyance da
ake kiran wasu daga cikin nau’ukan da suka fi shahara da cola nitida, cola
acuminata, cola verticillata da kuma cola anomala.
Nau’uka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masana sun bayyana cewa, goro yana da nau’ukan da yawansu ya haura 140 a
duniya (Dadzie da Tawagarsa (2013), tare da cewa, guda hamsin daga ciki duk a
Afirka ake noma su (Dadzie da Tawagarsa, 2013). Nau uku huɗu daga
ciki; kamar yadda ya zo a Lovejoy (1980), da suka haɗa da C. nitida, C. acuminata,
C. verticillata da C. anomala, su suka fi shahara tare kuma da amfani a kasuwancin Afirka.
Sinadarai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lovejoy (1980), ya zayyano waɗannan sinadarai masu zuwa a matsayin
sinadaran da goro yake ɗauke da su.
1. Caffeine: Yana aiki a ɓangaren sassan isar da saƙo (central nervous system).
2. Theobromine: Yana ƙarfafar damatsu (Muscles).
3. Kolatin: Yana aiki a ɓangaren zuciya.
4. Bilkodi (Glucose): Yana bai wa dukkan jiki kuzari.
Amfani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bisa la’akari da waɗancan muhimman sinadarai guda huɗu da aka zayyano a
sama, za a taras cewa, goro, yana da matuƙar amfani ga rayuwar bil’adama.
Masana da dama, sun bayyana ɗimbin alfanu da goro yake da shi gwargwadon
fahimta. Sprague (2018) ya ce: "A Afirka, an yi amfani da goro a matsayin kuɗi,
bukukuwan addini, ko kuma ƙulla yarjejeniyar zumunta (kamar aure da
sauransu)" kamar yadda aka wallafa a shafin Jami'ar California ta ƙasar
Amurka . Shi kuwa Ugwu da Tawagarsa (2020), cewa suka yi: “Kamata ya yi a ƙarfafa
guiwar cin goro, kasantuwar yana da amfani wajen warkar da cututtukan da
idan suka taso za a kashe maƙudan kuɗaɗe wajen warkar da su ta hanyar
shan magani kamar yadda aka saba”. Kenan, a bisa wannan magana za mu
fahimci cewa, cin goro yana yin rigakafin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka.[4]
Ga kaɗan daga cikin irin cututtukan da goro yake warkarwa:
1. Maganin ciwon kai.
2. Maganin jiri.
3. Ƙara ƙarfin jima’i.
4. Ƙara ɗanɗano ga ruwa maras daɗi.
5. Maganin tashin zuciya.
6. Ƙarin Kuzari: Cin matsakaicin goro guda ɗaya, daidai yake da shan kofi
uku na ƙaƙƙarfan kofi (string coffee) na Amurka.
7. Taimakawa narkewar abinci.
8. Tallafawa kewayawar jini (blood circulation).
9. Taƙaita yaɗuwar bakteriya mai cutarwa.
10. Rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansar da damuwa (prostrate cancer)
ke haifarwa.
Illa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da irin ɗimbin alfanu da cin goro ke haifarwa, to kuma ba zai rasa tasgaro ba.
Ugwu da Tawagarsa (2020), su ka ce: “An gano alfanu mai tarin yawa dangane da
cin goro, duk kuwa da illolin da ke tattare da yin haka idan aka yawaita cinsa kuma
cikin lokaci mai tsawo”. Abin nufi, ɗaukar tsawon lokaci (shekaru) ana
yawaita cin goro shi ke haifar da matsala ga lafiyar bil’adama.
A wani binciken haɗin guiwa da Alaribe, Ejezie, da Ezedinachi (2003), suka
gudanar, sun bayyana cewa, yawan cin goro yana haɓɓaƙa ƙwayar cutar
zazzaɓin cizon sauro (malaria) tare da kwaikwayon ɗabi’un zazzaɓin cizon
sauron awasu lokuta.[5] Kenan, idan har mai cin goro zai ci kaɗan a yini, to goro zai yi masa magani, idan kuma zai riƙa gabzarsa kamar tuwo, to
wani lokaci mai zuwa a gaba goron zai zamar masa illa.
Kasuwanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Goro, tsohuwar haja ce da ke ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hajojin fataucin
Hausawa zuwa yankin Kogin Volta, da ke cikin ƙasar Ghana a yanzu, yana ɗaya
daga cikin manya-manyan kasuwancin Yammacin Afirka. Lovejoy (1980), ya ce:
“A cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara, ana samun dubbanmutane suna yin tafiyar
sama da kilomita dubu ɗari tara zuwa Asante domin sayar da hajojinsu tare
kuma da saro goro”. [6]Har zuwa yau ɗin nan (2021), ana jigilar
goro daga Najeriya zuwa ƙasashen Asia, Australia, Tsakiyar Amurka
(CentralAmerica), Kudancin Amurka (South America), Amurka ta Arewa (North
America), Turai ta Gabas (Eastern Europe), Turai ta Yamma (Western
Europe) Afirka ta Tsakiya, Afirka ta Arewa, da sauran sassan duniya.
Akwai wasu kasuwanni a cikin birnin Kano da ke Najeriya waɗanda
cinikayyar goro kawai ake yi a cikinsu. Kasuwar Ujile , da Kasuwar Mariri sun
keɓanta da sayar da wannan haja. Tare da haka kuma, kusan dukkan
kasuwannin da ke Kano akan samu rumfunan da ke sayar da wannan haja.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPS
- ↑ Dadzie M.A. da Tawagarsa (2013). Kola Nut Cultivation in Ghana, Technical Bulletin No. 26. Cocoa Researhc Institute of Ghana. Printed in the Republic of Ghana by the Cocoa Research Institutte of Ghana (CRIG), New Tafo-Akim.
- ↑ Gestrich N. da Tawagarsa (2021). Evidence of an Eleventh‑Century AD Cola Nitida Trade into the Middle Niger Region. An ciro a 2021, daga https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10437-021-09445-7
- ↑ Ugwu C. A. da Tawagarsa (2020). Health implications of kolanut production and consumption. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews. An ciro a 2021, daga https://doi.org/10.30574/ wjarr.2020.8.3.0485
- ↑ Alaribe A.A.A Ejezie G.C. da Ezedinachi E.N.U (2003). The Role of Kola Nut (Cola Nitida) in the Etiology of Malaria Morbidity, Pharmaceutical Biology, 41:6, 458-462, An ciro a 2021, daga 10.1076/ phbi.41.6.458.17835
- ↑ Starin D. (2013). Kola Nut: So Much More Than Just a Nut. University College London, London WC1H0BW, UK. An ciro a 2021 daga https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3842857/