Haƙƙoƙin dattijai
 Haƙƙoƙin dattijai |
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Hakkin tsofaffi shine haƙƙin tsofaffi (yawanci waɗanda ke cikin Shekaru goma na bakwai na rayuwa ko tsofaffi, kodayake ana jayayya da wannan ma'anar), waɗanda a ƙasashe daban-daban ba a gane su a matsayin aji mai kariya ta tsarin mulki ba, [1] duk da haka suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a fannoni da yawa na al'umma saboda shekarunsu.[2]
Batutuwan haƙƙin da dattawa ke fuskanta sun haɗa da nuna bambanci game da shekaru (kamar shekarun tilasta ritaya), rashin samun damar samun magani, saboda shekaru ko cikas da suka shafi shekaru, ra'ayoyin al'umma game da iyawa / nakasa saboda shekaru, [2] da kuma rashin cin zarafi, gami da cin zarafin kuɗi, jiki, tunani, zamantakewa, da jima'i [3] saboda raguwar iyawa da rashin damar yin amfani da fasaha.[4]
Ɗaya daga cikin ƙoƙarin farko da gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka ta yi don kare haƙƙin kuɗi na dattawa shine kafa fa'idodin Tsaro na Jama'a ta hanyar Dokar Tsaro ta Jama'a a cikin 1935, samar da kuɗin shiga ga mutanen da suka yi ritaya waɗanda suka cancanta.[5]
Bayyana haƙƙin dattawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1991, Babban Taron UNHRC ya kafa ka'idoji don jagorantar da ƙarfafa ci gaban shirye-shiryen gwamnati waɗanda za su kare haƙƙin tsofaffi ta hanyar tabbatar da 'yancin kai, shiga, kulawa, cika kai da mutunci na tsofaffi. [6]
Tsufa da tsufa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gudanarwa da kare haƙƙin tsofaffi yana da mahimmanci don magance matsalolin da suka shafi tsufa da tsufa. Tare da saurin karuwar yawan tsofaffi a duniya, [7] an yi ƙoƙari na kasa da kasa don mayar da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi tsufa da kariya ga tsofaffi a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. [8] A sakamakon haka, an gane tsufa kuma an yi nazari a matsayin batun duniya, misali wanda shine binciken dubban mutane a cikin kasashe sama da 50 wanda ya bayyana mafi yawan mahalarta kamar suna da halin matsakaici zuwa tsufa.[9] Bayyanawa da yaki da yaduwar tsufa yana da mahimmanci don inganta lafiyar jama'a bisa ga karuwar shaidar tasirin tsufa akan lafiyar tsofaffi.[10]
Yunkurin kare hakkin dattawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamar yadda Nina Kohn ta bayyana, ƙungiyar kare hakkin tsofaffi ita ce "ƙoƙarin hadin gwiwa kungiyoyi da mutane... (haɓuwa) tare a kusa da burin gama gari na canza tsarin zamantakewa, siyasa, da shari'a don ba da damar tsofaffi su yi amfani da haƙƙoƙin jama'a da na ɗan adam da 'yanci. " [11] Ma'anar buƙatu da haƙƙoƙi na musamman na tsofaffi sun fara ne a cikin shekarun 1930, a lokacin Babban Mawuyacin hali, tare da babban mai da ake mai da akan buƙatar shirin fansho na ƙasa don samar da Tsaro na kudi ga tsofaffi da ba sa ba sa aiki. [12][of] An yi shirye-shiryen adawa da yawa (Tsarin Townsend, McClain Movement, Ham da Eggs Movement) don magance batun. A ƙarshe, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Sabon Yarjejeniya Franklin Delano Roosevelt, an zartar da Dokar Tsaro ta Jama'a don biyan buƙata.
Hakkin zamantakewa da na kudi na dattawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ayyukan Tsaro na Adult suna ba da sabis ga tsofaffi, waɗanda aka yi musu cin zarafi, an yi musu watsi da su ko kuma an yi musu amfani da su. Kwanan nan, an yi ƙoƙari don bincike da magance batutuwan cin zarafin tsofaffi ta hanyar aiwatar da dokoki kamar Dokar Rigakafin Cin zarafin Tsofaffi da Shari'a ta 2017.
Ɗaya daga cikin ƙoƙarin farko da gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka ta yi don kare haƙƙin kuɗi na dattawa shine kafa fa'idodin Tsaro na Jama'a ta hanyar Dokar Tsaro ta Jama'a a cikin 1935, samar da kudaden shiga ga mutanen da suka yi ritaya waɗanda suka cancanta. An yi wa dokar gyare-gyare a cikin 1972 don ƙara Ƙarin Kudin Tsaro, wanda ke ba da taimako ga mutane, masu shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Sashe na Dokar Nuna Bambanci a cikin Ayyuka ta 1967 ya kara kare haƙƙin kuɗi na tsofaffi ta hanyar hana ma'aikata nuna bambanci ga mutanen da ke da shekaru 40 ko sama da haka.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Kohn, Nina (2010). "The Lawyer's Role in Fostering an Elder Rights Movement" (PDF). William Mitchell Law Review. 37: 51. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kohn, Nina (2010). "The Lawyer's Role in Fostering an Elder Rights Movement" (PDF). William Mitchell Law Review. 37: 51. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
- ↑ "Your Rights – Elder Abuse". Senior Rights Victoria. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
- ↑ "Protecting Elders' Rights". Caring for Your Parents. PBS. 2008.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission". www.eeoc.gov. Retrieved 2021-09-20.
- ↑ "OHCHR | United Nations Principles for Older Persons". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". population.un.org. Archived from the original on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ↑ "United Nations Open-ended Working Group on strengthening the protection of the human rights of older persons". social.un.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-10-03. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ↑ Officer, Alana; Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli; Schneiders, Mira Leonie; Nash, Paul; de la Fuente-Núñez, Vânia (January 2020). "Ageism, Healthy Life Expectancy and Population Ageing: How Are They Related?". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (in Turanci). 17 (9): 3159. doi:10.3390/ijerph17093159. PMC 7246680. PMID 32370093.
- ↑ Lamont, R. A.; Swift, H. J.; Abrams, D. (2015). "A review and meta-analysis of age-based stereotype threat: Negative stereotypes, not facts, do the damage". Psychology and Aging. 30 (1): 180–193. doi:10.1037/a0038586. PMC 4360754. PMID 25621742.
- ↑ Cohen, E. S.; Whittington, F. J. (2013-02-01). "Old and Bold: Civil Rights in Late Life". The Gerontologist (in Turanci). 53 (1): 178–185. doi:10.1093/geront/gns157. ISSN 0016-9013.
- ↑ Walls, David. "Elders Rights Movement". Sonoma State University. Retrieved 13 May 2015.