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Hakkin Dan Adam a Slovakia

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Hakkin Dan Adam a Slovakia
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Dokokin Slovakia ne ke tafiyar da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Slovakia kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar Majalisar Turai ke kula da su .

Tushen doka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babi na biyu na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Slovakia ya zayyana hakkoki da yancin da doka ta tanadar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haƙƙoƙin rayuwa, keɓantawa, tsari, mutunci, dukiya, addini, yancin motsi, yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, ‘yancin yin jarida, koke, ƙungiya, da jefa ƙuri’a, da ’yanci daga azabtarwa, azaba mai zafi, da bauta. Kundin tsarin mulki ya kuma ba da tabbacin cewa ba za a iya kare haƙƙin ta hanyar nuna wariya ba.[1]

Ƴancin siyasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ofishin mai kare hakkin jama'a da Cibiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Slovak ne ke da alhakin kare hakki a Slovakia. Hukumar tsaro da hadin gwiwa a Turai ta gano cewa zabe a Slovakia yana da 'yanci da adalci.[2]

Dokar ta tanadi bayyana matakin da gwamnati ta dauka, sannan ana bayyana kwangilolin gwamnati ga jama'a. Cin hanci da rashawa da jami'an gwamnati ke yi wani laifi ne a karkashin dokar Slovak, kuma an gano wasu kebabbun al'amura na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnati.[3] Gwamnatin Slovakia ta aiwatar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. ‘Yan sanda sun gudanar da samame na yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, kuma an tuhumi jami’an jihar da dama da laifukan almundahana da laifuka tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa 2021. Mata da kungiyoyin LGBT ba su da wakilci a siyasa.[4]

Indexididdigar Demokraɗiyya ta ƙididdige Slovakia a matsayin "Demokraɗiyya mara kyau" a 2021 da maki 7.03 cikin 10, wanda ya sanya ta 45 a cikin ƙasashe 167. Freedom House ya kima Slovakia a matsayin "Yanci" a 2022 tare da maki 90 cikin 100.

Fataucin mutane

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kebe rigakafin fataucin bil adama na Slovakia a matsayin "Tier 2", ma'ana "ba ta cika cikakkiyar ma'auni na kawar da fataucin ba amma tana yin gagarumin kokarin yin hakan". Sashi na 179 na kundin laifuffuka ya aikata laifin fataucin mutane, tare da hukuncin dauri daga shekaru hudu zuwa goma. A cikin 2021, Slovakia ta ƙaddamar da bincike 15 game da fataucin jima'i, huɗu don aikin tilastawa, uku don barace-barace. Gwamnatin Slovakia kuma tana ba da tallafi ga wata kungiya mai zaman kanta don tallafawa wadanda fataucin bil adama ya shafa.[5]

Haƙƙoƙin jama'a

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsarin tsari

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba, hana rayuwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, da azabtarwa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma ba a yin su a Slovakia. Ana mutunta dokokin da suka shafi hukumci na rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanci, kodayake ana samun rahotannin cin zarafin 'yan sanda na lokaci-lokaci. An ba wa wadanda ake tuhuma damar yin shari’a ta gaskiya, da shari’a mai zaman kanta, da zaton ba su da laifi, da kuma lauyan lauya. Amincewa da hukumar shari'a mai zaman kanta ta yi rauni a Slovakia saboda zargin cin hanci da rashawa da rashin aiki. A cewar Tarayyar Turai, kawai 28% na 'yan ƙasar Slovak sun amince da sashin shari'a kamar na 2021.

‘Yancin fadin albarkacin baki da ‘yancin ‘yan jarida suna da tabbacin a karkashin dokar Slovakia. Ana ɗaukar dokokin cin mutunci a matsayin laifuffuka masu laifi kuma an yi amfani da su don taƙaita rahotanni daga kafafen yada labarai da kuma murkushe sukar 'yan siyasa da sauran fitattun mutane. Kalaman ƙiyayya da musun Holocaust laifuffuka ne. Kisan gillar da aka yi wa Ján Kuciak a shekara ta 2018 a matsayin mayar da martani ga bincikensa kan cin hanci da rashawa ya nuna babban hari kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a Slovakia.

Wariya kan yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi haramun ne, amma ba a aiwatar da wannan doka akai-akai. Wakilan siyasa na mutanen LGBT a Slovakia yana da iyaka. 'Yan siyasa ba kasafai ake gane su a matsayin LGBT ba kuma maganganun jama'a na tozarta al'ummar LGBT abu ne gama gari. Gwamnati na buƙatar mutanen da ke neman amincewar jinsi ta doka da a lalata su .

Kabilanci da kabilanci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tabbatar da daidaito a kan kabila, kasa, kabila, da kowane matsayi. An fi hukunta laifukan ƙiyayya a Slovakia. Ana aiwatar da dokokin hana wariya ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, musamman mutanen Romawa suna fuskantar wariya, tsangwama, da zaluncin 'yan sanda . Mutanen Romani galibi ana keɓance su daga wasu ƙungiyoyi a Slovakia, kuma ba a cika bincikar laifuffukan da ake yi wa Romani ba. Gwamnatin Slovakia ta amince da rawar da ta taka a tilastawa dubunnan matan Romani haifuwa.[6]

Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya bayyana cewa babu wani addini a kasar Slovakia kuma an tabbatar da daidaito a kan addini. Amincewa da gwamnati na kungiyoyin addini yana ba da gata na musamman kamar hidima a gidajen yari, yin bukukuwan aure, da karɓar tallafi. Don a ba da izini, ana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin addini su gabatar da sa hannun mabiya 50,000. Ana buƙatar ɗalibai su halarci koyarwar addini a makaranta, kodayake akwai sauran zaɓuɓɓuka. Abubuwan da ke ba da shawarar nuna wariya ko ƙiyayya ga ƙungiyar addini haramun ne kuma hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru takwas a kurkuku. Duk da haka, kyamar kyamar baki da kyamar Islama sun zama ruwan dare a Slovakia, kuma duka biyun sun zama ruwan dare a yakin neman zabe na jam'iyyun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.[7]

Kundin tsarin mulki ya tabbatar da daidaito a kan jima'i. An bai wa mata cikakken ‘yancin siyasa a Slovakia, kuma a shekarar 2019 kasar ta zabi mace ta farko a matsayin shugabar kasa. Mata ba su da yawa a majalisa, wanda ke da kusan kashi 21% na majalisar a shekarar 2020. Rikicin cikin gida a Slovakia ya zama ruwan dare, kuma isar da sako ga wadanda rikicin cikin gida ya shafa ya yi kadan. Slovakia ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Istanbul kan cin zarafin mata amma ba ta amince da shi ba har zuwa 2021. 

  1. "Slovakia's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2017" (PDF). Constitute Project. 2022-04-27. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
  2. "2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Slovakia". United States Department of State (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-26.
  3. "Slovakia: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report". Freedom House (in Turanci). 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
  4. "Democracy Index 2021: the China challenge". Economist Intelligence Unit (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-19.
  5. "2021 Trafficking in Persons Report: Slovakia". United States Department of State (in Turanci). 2021. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
  6. Amnesty International Report 2021/22 (PDF) (Report). Amnesty International. 2022. pp. 326–328. Retrieved 2022-05-21.
  7. "2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Slovak Republic". United States Department of State (in Turanci). 2021-05-21. Retrieved 2022-05-27.