Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli
 Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli | |
|---|---|
academic major (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | ikonomi |
| Is the study of (en) | yanayi na halitta |
| Karatun ta |
environmental value (en) |
| Gudanarwan |
environmental economist (en) |
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Harkokin Tattalin Arzikin Muhalli wani yanki ne na tattalin arziki wanda ya shafi al'amuran muhalli.[1] Ya zama batun da aka yi nazari sosai saboda karuwar matsalolin muhalli a karni na ashirin da daya. Ilimin tattalin arziki na muhalli "yana gudanar da bincike na ka'ida ko na zahiri game da tasirin tattalin arzikin kasa ko manufofin muhalli na gida a duniya. . . Batutuwa na musamman sun haɗa da farashi da fa'idodin wasu manufofin muhalli don magance gurɓacewar iska, ingancin ruwa, abubuwa masu guba, ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida, da ɗumamar yanayi."[2]
An bambanta tattalin arzikin muhalli da tattalin arzikin muhalli ta yadda tattalin arzikin muhalli ya jaddada tattalin arziki a matsayin wani tsarin da ya shafi yanayin muhalli tare da mai da hankali kan adana jarin halitta.[3] Ɗaya daga cikin binciken masana tattalin arzikin Jamus ya gano cewa ilimin muhalli da muhalli daban-daban makarantu ne na tunanin tattalin arziki, tare da masanan tattalin arziki suna jaddada dorewa "mai karfi" da ƙin yarda cewa babban jari na mutum ("jiki") na iya maye gurbin babban jari na halitta. [4]
Duba kuma.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manazarta.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Understanding Environmental Economics". Investopedia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-01.
- ↑ "Environmental Economics". NBER Working Group Descriptions. National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
- ↑ Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh (2001). "Ecological Economics: Themes, Approaches, and Differences with Environmental Economics," Regional Environmental Change, 2(1), pp. 13-23 Archived 2008-10-31 at the Wayback Machine (press +).
- ↑ Illge L, Schwarze R. (2009). A Matter of Opinion: How Ecological and Neoclassical Environmental Economists Think about Sustainability and Economics . Ecological Economics.
Bayanan kula.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Allen V. Kneese da Clifford S. Russell (1987). "Tattalin Arziki na muhalli," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, shafi. 159-64.
- Robert N. Stavins (2008). "Tattalin Arziki na Muhalli," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract & labarin.
- Maureen L. Cropper da Wallace E. Oates (1992). "Tattalin Arziki na Muhalli: Bincike," Jarida na Adabin Tattalin Arziki, 30 (2), shafi na 675-740 (latsa + ).
- Tausch, Arno, 'Smart Development'. Maƙala akan Sabon Tattalin Arziƙin Siyasa na Muhalli (Maris 22, 2016). Akwai a SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2752988 ko https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2752988
- UNEP (2007). Sharuɗɗa don Gudanar da Ƙimar Tattalin Arziki na Kaya da Sabis na Ƙirar muhallin Teku, Buga Fasaha na UNEP/GEF/SCS Lamba 8.
- UNEP (2007). Tsarin Ƙididdigar Ƙimar Tattalin Arziƙi na Ƙasa da Yanki don Kaya da Sabis na Ecotone, da Jimillar Ƙimar Tattalin Arziki na Mazaunan Teku a cikin mahallin aikin UNEP/GEF mai taken: "Mayar da Lalacewar Muhalli a Tekun Kudancin China da Gulf of Thailand", Kudu Takardun Ilimin Tekun China Na 3. UNEP/GEF/SCS/Inf.3
- 978-0273655596
- 978-0-07-802189-3
Kara karantawa.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- David A. Anderson (2019). Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na Muhalli da Gudanar da Albarkatun Halitta 5e, [1] Archived 2020-12-26 at the Wayback Machine New York: Rubutu.
- John Asafu-Adjaye (2005).[2] Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na Muhalli don Marasa Tattalin Arziki 2e, Singapore: Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Duniya.
- Gregory C. Chow (2014). Binciken Tattalin Arziki na Matsalolin Muhalli, Singapore: Kimiyyar Duniya.