Harshen Berta

Harshen Berta
'Yan asalin magana	367,000
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nilo-Saharan; Harshen Berta; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Latin alphabet (en) da Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	wti
Glottolog	bert1248

Berta, da ya dace, a.k.a. Gebeto, Berta, (kuma Bertha, Barta, Burta) ne ke magana a Sudan da Habasha. zuwa shekara ta 2006 Berta tana da kusan masu magana 180,000 a Sudan.

Harsunan Berta guda uku, Gebeto, Fadashi da Undu, galibi ana ɗaukar su yare ɗaya. Berta da ya dace ya haɗa da yarukan Bake, Dabuso, Gebeto, Mayu, da Shuru; ana iya faɗaɗa sunan yaren Gebeto zuwa duk Berta da ta dace.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

		Labari	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Gishiri
Dakatar da	voiced	b		d	ɟ	g
	ejective	pʼ		tʼ	(cʼ)	kʼ	(ʔ)
	implosive			ɗ
Fricative	voiceless	f	θ	s	ʃ		h
Fricative	ejective			sʼ
Hanci		m		n	(Ra'ayi)	ŋ
Rhotic				r
Hanyar gefen				l
Kusanci					j	w

Ana iya jin murya /b, d, ɡ/ a matsayin mara murya [p, t, k] a cikin bambancin kyauta, kalma-da farko ko kalma-a ƙarshe.
A glottal tsayawa [ʔ] galibi yana faruwa tsakanin wasula, kuma ana iya jin sautin wasula na farko.
Tsarin tsayawa a cikin hanci na iya faruwa a matsayin [mb, nd, ŋɡ,表演ʼ].
/ŋ/ ana jin sa a matsayin [ɲ] lokacin da yake gaba da wasula ta gaba /i/ ko /e/.
/kʼ/ ana jin sautin baki [cʼ] lokacin da yake gaban wasula na gaba.
/ɡ/ ana iya jin sautin murya [ɟ] ko kuma sautin muryar murya [c] lokacin da yake gaban wasula na gaba.
/h/ a cikin matsayi na ƙarshe ana iya jin sa a matsayin fricative [x].
/s, θ/ na iya faruwa a wasu lokuta kamar yadda aka bayyana [z, ð] a cikin murya ko yanayin hanci.

Sautin sautin

	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i iː		u uː
Tsakanin	ɛ ɛː		ɔː
Bude		a aː

I sautin da ba a rufe shi ba, /ɛ/ ko /ɔ/, suna kusa da sautin sautin da aka rufe kamar /i/ ko /u/ a cikin jituwa na sautin, ana jin su kamar yadda aka rufe [e, o].

Phoneme	Allophone
/i/	[i], [ɨ~]
/a/	[a], [ə], [æ], [ɜ], [ɐ]
/u/	[u], [ʉ], [ʊ]

Wakilan sunaye

Wakilan Berta sune kamar haka:

	Batun da aka yi amfani da shi	Batun bayan magana	Abubuwan da ke bayan magana
Na	àl(ì)	-lɪ́ɪ̀	-ɟì
kai (sg.)	(à)ŋɡó	-ŋó	-ŋɡó
shi, ita,	ɲìnè	-né	ɲìnè, -né
mu	χàtâŋ	-ŋàa	χàtâŋ
kai (pl.)	χàtú	χátú	χàtú
su	mèrée	mérée	mèrée

Dubi kuma

Jerin kalmomin Berta (Wiktionary)

Bayanan da aka ambata

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Berta". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Bayanan littattafai

Torben Andersen. "Abubuwan da ke tattare da ilimin sauti na Berta". Afrika und Übersee 76: shafi na 41-80.
Torben Andersen. "Absolutive and Nominative in Berta". ed. Nicolai & Rottland, Na biyar Nilo-Saharan Linguistics Colloquium. Nice, 24-29 ga watan Agusta 1992. Ayyuka. (Nila da Sahara 10). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. 1995. shafi na 36-49.
Mista Lionel Bender "Berta Lexicon". A cikin Bender (ed.), Topics in Nilo-Saharan Linguistics (Nilo-Sacharan 3), shafuffuka na 271-304. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag 1989.
E. Cerulli "Harsunan Berta guda uku a yammacin Habasha", Afirka, 1947.
Susanne Neudorf & Andreas Neudorf: Bertha - Turanci - Amharic Dictionary. Addis Ababa: Shirin Ci gaban Harshe na Benishangul-Gumuz 2007.
A. N. Tucker & M. A. Bryan. Nazarin Harshe: Harsunan da ba Bantu ba na Arewa maso gabashin Afirka . London: Jami'ar Oxford Press 1966.
A. Triulzi, A. A. Dafallah, da M. L. Bender. "Berta". A cikin Bender (ed.), Harsunan da ba na Semitic na Habasha ba. East Lansing, Michigan: Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka, Jami'ar Jihar Michigan 1976, shafi na 513-532.

Haɗin waje

Bayanan Tsarin Harshe na Duniya akan Berta
Shafin yanar gizon da al'ummar harshe ke kula da shi, gami da wallafe-wallafen da aka buga da ƙamus na kan layi

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Berta". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

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